Italian Coast Guard SAR operations to cope with migration ... · to cope with migration flows...

ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS

Italian Coast Guard SAR operations

to cope with migration flows across the

Mediterranean Sea

ISU Associate Members’ DayLONDON – 22nd MARCH 2017

Plans and Operations DepartmentRear Admiral (ITCG) Nicola Carlone


SUMMARY

ITALIAN COAST GUARD: ROLE AND FUNCTIONS

SEARCH&RESCUE AND BORDER CONTROL: LEGAL FRAMEWORK

THE SCENARIO OF CENTRAL MEDITERRANEAN: SAR AND BORDER CONTROL

MIGRATION FLOWS BY SEA: TRENDS AND ANALYSIS


ITALIAN COAST GUARDROLE AND FUNCTIONS

1


Ministry of

Cultural

Heritage and

Tourism

MINISTRY OF

AGRICULTURE

FOOD AND

FISHERY

CIVIL

PROTECTION

DEPARTMENT

MINISTRY OF

INTERIOR

MINISTRY OF

ECONOMIC

DEVELOPMENT

MINISTRY OF

ENVIRONMENT

MINISTRY OF

DEFENSE

MINISTRY OF

INFRASTRUCTURE

AND TRANSPORT

Ministry of

Labour

ROLE AND FUNCTIONSNational framework

1

JUDICIAL AUTHORITY

JUDICIAL POLICE


22 UNITS

2 UNITS

1 UNIT600 coastal patrol

vessels of 15 different Classes

deployed in more

than

100Coast Guard Regional

Commands

ROLE AND FUNCTIONSITCG Assets

940 Class (Multirole Units with flight deck)LOA: 90 mt.

Max Speed: 18 ktsMax Range: 6.500 NMCrew: 41

920 Class (Fishing controls oriented)LOA: 60 mt. longMax Speed: 13 ktsMax Range: 30.000 NMCrew: 30

300 Class (S.A.R.)Size: 19 mt. longMax Speed: 30 ktsMax Range: 500 NMCrew: 4

1

AW 139 - SAR

Rotary wing component

11 UNITS

Fixed wing component

ATR 42 Multirole3 UNITS1 UNITS

P 180 S.A.R. / Patrol / Transport


ROLE AND FUNCTIONSITCG Personnel

1

OFFICERS 1.333

PETTY OFFICERS 4.300

ENLISTED 5.094

TOTAL 10.727


SAR AND BORDER CONTROLLEGAL FRAMEWORK

2


Montego Bay 1982

SEARCH AND RESCUEInternational – EU - national laws

2

http://www.imo.org/Pages/home.aspx

http://www.imo.org/Pages/home.aspx


Country Gaps

Malta SAR region

Libya SAR Region (SRR) not declared

Egypt SAR Convention not ratified

Tunisia SAR Region (SRR) not declared

The first SAR authority (RCC), informed of an actual or potentialemergency, is responsible for the case and shall take all the necessaryaction to co-ordinate the response, until the appropriate RCC takes over(IAMSAR Vol.II – ch. 3).

Italian SRR: ~500.000 km2

SEARCH AND RESCUEMediterranean SAR Regions

Other areas were ITCG

provides SAR

2


Immediate information

and cooperation

with MRCC

Management of the

case and

coordination

immediate

assistanceEffective SAR

services

Delivery to a Place of

Safety

Obligation for the

Ship Master at sea

Obligation Member

States - MRCCs

SEARCH AND RESCUESAR obligations

2


PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE“Every overcrowded boat is a SAR case and possible distress situation”

DISTRESS PHASE starts also without an explicit distress signal

SAR

CASE

SEARCH AND RESCUEAssessment of cases

UNSEAWORTHY boats manned by criminal organization

NO FLAG STATE – NO PROFESSIONAL CREW

ABSENCE/SHORTAGE OF SAFETY EQUIPMENT

OVERCROWDED BOATS

PRESENCE OF MEDICAL EMERGENCY

2


MARE

SICURO

EUNAVFOR

MED

FRONTEX

TRITON

COOPERATION IN SAR IS A BINDING PRIORITY FOR ALL THE SHIPS IN

CONDITION TO PROVIDE ASSISTANCE

NGOsMERCHANT

COMMUNITYITCG

SEARCH AND RESCUECoordination responsibility

2


THE SCENARIO OF CENTRAL

MEDITERRANEANSAR AND BORDER CONTROL

3


Tactic level

MRCC – Rome ITCG Headquarters

Operational level

Air and naval assets atsea

SAR AND BORDER CONTROL

Tactic and Operational levels3


STEP 3:

BEST RESCUE ASSET

IDENTIFICATION PROCESS

STEP 4:

COORDINATION &

CONTROL SAR OPS

STEP 5:

PLACE OF SAFETY

COORDINATION ACTIVITY

STEP 6:

HARBOUR DISEMBARKATION

COORDINATION

STEP 1:

FIRST DISTRESS CALL

RECEIVER

Information dissemination process

STEP 2:

INFORMATION

VERIFICATION PROCESS

Active identification/

coordination loopS.O.P. 09/15

SAR coordination is a complex, dynamic and active operational activity

SAR AND BORDER CONTROLMRCC coordinating action

3


1. S.A.R.

2. BOAT INSPECTION

3. MUSTERING (SHIP ZONING)

4. SECURITY CHECKS

5. HEALTH CARE

6. INVESTIGATION

SAR AND BORDER CONTROLOperational activity at sea

3


APPROACHING THE TARGET

BOARDING OPERATORS

COACHING TARGET AND

RECOVERY MIGRANTS.

OPERATIONAL ACTIVITY AT SEA

1. Search and Rescue3


STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

COLLECTING EVIDENCES

OPERATIONAL ACTIVITY AT SEA2. Boat inspection

3


OPERATIONAL ACTIVITY AT SEA3. Mustering-ship zoning

3


0 – counting

1 – massive checks2 – security checks waiting area3 – ID bracelets assignment4 – personal inspections5 – interview and personal items withdrawal6 – photoprinting

- health control and sorting

1

2

5

4

3

6

sickbay

yellow code

0

Men before security

control

Men after security control

Suspicious

persons

Security

control

area

Women,

children

and

elders

after

security

control

Luggage storage

area

Green code

WC


To be checked

Already checked

GROUPAGE

metal

detector

INTERVIEW AND PHOTO

REPORTING

INSPECTIONS

OPERATIONAL ACTIVITY AT SEA4. Security checks

3


HEALTH

SCREENING

FIRST AID

ASSISTANCE TO

CHILDREN AND

VULNERABLE

PERSONS

OPERATIONAL ACTIVITY AT SEA5. Health care

3


OPERATIONAL ACTIVITY AT SEA

6. Investigation3


2015 2016

Custody of suspect migrants smugglersinvestigations conducted by ITCG naval Units personnel

in cooperation with other police forces

111 155

Custody of suspected migrants smugglersinvestigations conducted by Catania and Palermo

Coast Guard Regional Commands in cooperation with

other police forces.

132 142

Arrests/Custody of criminal organizations’affiliates operating in Italyinvestigations conducted by the Special Coast Guard

Investigation Unit under the coordination of the District

Attorney Antimafia Unit of Rome

10 20

OPERATIONAL ACTIVITY AT SEAResults of ITCG law enforcement action

3


Protection of

human rights

First Aid

Medical Care

Search And

Rescue

Combating

smuggling of

human beings

ITCG integrated activity3


The only way to implement an effective Border Control

service at sea is , firstly, to conduct SAR operations

SAR AND BORDER CONTROLtwo sides of the same coin

3


MIGRATION FLOWS BY SEATRENDS AND ANALYSIS

4


MA

RE N

OSTR

UM

OTT 2

013

-O

TT 2

014

FR

ON

TEX

J.O.T

RIT

ON

SIN

CE N

OV

2014

(STILL IN

PR

OG

RESS)

EU

NA

VFO

R M

ED

MIGRANTS RESCUED UNDER IMRCC COORDINATION FROM 1991: 819.949 (UPDATE 31 DEC 2016)

07/08/1991

1991 – 2013 2014-2016

Gua 22222

38% 62%

Trends since 19914


0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

2014 2015 2016

950 906

1424 SAR EVENTS 2016: 1424

+ 46,5% compared to 2014

+ 52% compared to 2015

SAR events coordinated by MRCC-Rome

2014-2015-20164


2014 2015 20162017

(Jan-Feb)

ITALIAN COAST GUARD (INCLUDING THOSE

under TRITON

38.047 (23 %) 41.341 (27 %) 35.875 (20,1%)4225

ITALIAN NAVY 82.952 (50 %)29.178 (19 %) 36.084 (20,2%)

546

GdF (INCLUDING THOSE IN TRITON OPS) 1.601(1%)6.289 (4%) 1.693 (0,9%)

35

CARABINIERI (IT MILITARY POLICE) 26 (0%)1 (0%) 174 (0,1%)

0

FRONTEX (EXCEPT FOR ITALIAN UNITS) --15.428 (10%) 13.616 (7,6%)

1515

N.G.Os --20.063 (13%) 46.796 (26,2%)

3350

MERCHANT SHIPS42.061 (25%) 16.158 (11%) 13.888 (7,8%)

1583

FOREIGN NAVIES1.683 (1%) 23.885 (16%) 7.404 (4,1%)

0

EUNAVFOR MED OPERATION -- --22.885 (12,8%)

1852

TOTAL 166.370 152.343 178.415 13.106

SAR OPs COORDINATED BY MRCC-Rome

4 Migration flows statistics

2014-2015-2016-2017


COMPARISON BETWEEN THE TOTAL NUMBER OF

RESCUED MIGRANTS AND THE NUMBER OF

MIGRANTS RESCUED BY NGO in 2016

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

migrants rescued

migrants rescued byNGO42061

1615813888

20063

46796

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

2014 2015 2016

Migrants rescued in 2014 -2015-2016

MERCHANT VESSELS NGOs

COMPARISON BETWEEN NGOs AND MERCHANT

VESSELS RESCUE OPERATIONS

NGOs and merchant vessels

contribution in SAR ops4


DateSimultaneous

SAR CasesPeople rescued

23 June 41 5.249

26 June 27 3.261

5 July 37 4.602

19 July 26 3.757

29 July 34 3.582

28 August 12 1.295

29 August 53 6.953

30 August 34 3.623

31 August 13 1.891

3 October 42 6.046

4 October 35 4804

In 96h

13.763 people

112 SAR cases

In 48h

10.850 people

77 SAR cases

TOP 2016TOP 2016

2016 Most critical days4


2016 Most critical days

29 August: the tremendous day4

Simultaneous

SAR

Persons

rescued

58

6.952


OP V S I E M P I LOT

E NT E RPR ISE

GARI BALD I

IT COAST GUARD3 X 300 CLASSOPV FIORILLO

Merchantvessel

ASSO 25

JAM E S JOI C E

MRCC - ROME

C I GALA FU LGOS I

FAS AN

L I BE C C I O

S F I NGE

FOREIGN NAVAL

ISOLATED ASSETS

14 ASSETS COORDINATED BY

MRCC-Rome

4 2016 Most critical days

29 August: the tremendous day


Mersin

ITALY SRR

Main flow

Secondary flow

Flow suspended during 2015

(DATA PROVIDED BY ITCG / ITALIAN MOI)

ROUTE ANALYSIS4


TOP 5 NATIONALITIES 2014-2015-20164

42323

34329

9938 9000 8707

Siria Eritrea Mali Nigeria Gambia

38612

21886

121768909 8123

Eritrea Nigeria Somalia Sudan Gambia

37551

20718

13342 12396 11929

Nigeria Eritrea Guinea Ivory Coast Gambia

2016

SOURCE: MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS

2014 2015


0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

Men Women Children

129080

24133 2822310087

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2014 2015 2016

13024 12360

25846

Unaccompanied minors

SOURCE: MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS

1086 1933

YEAR 2016

YEAR 2017 (Jan-Feb)

Migration flows analysis based on

migrants GENDER AND AGE4


45%

55%

nr. 638 distress call by satellite phone

nr. 786 sights

80%

45%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

2015 2016

% presence of satellite phone onboard of migrant boats

938

1424

747

638

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

2015 2016

A) DECREASE OF SATELLITE PHONES ON BOARD

SAR Events

Sat phones call

4 UNSAFE CONDITIONTS

of migration flows


0

300

600

900

1200

1500

2015 2016 2017 Jan-Feb

RUBBER BOATS

SMALL WOODEN BOATS

WOODEN BOATS

In the 2016 :- increment of the use of RUBBER boats- significant decrease of wooden boats- use of small boats (10-15 metres) with at least 20-50 migrants on board

B) USE OF UNSEAWORTHY BOATS AND NIGHT TIME DEPARTURE

C) INCREASED USE OF INFLATABLE BOATS

The number of migrants on board of rubber boats has risen from 100 to 150

persons, in some cases more than 200, with a higher probability of shipwreck.

This factor is the main cause of increased SAR ops, doubling from 2015 to 2016

RESCUED BOATS

2017 (jan-feb)

RUBBER BOATS 84

SMALL WOODEN BOATS

32

WOODEN BOATS 10

OTHERS 2

TOTALI 128

UNSAFE CONDITIONTS

of migration flows4


2012

4UNSAFE CONDITIONTS of

migration flowsD) SAR OPERATIONS NEAR THE OUTER LIMITS

OF LIBYAN TERRITORIAL WATERS.


20122013





201220132014





2012201320142015





20122013201420152016





Deaths/missing cases:

2016 tragedies at sea4

3.793

62

416

Bodies recovered

323

4.2712016 registered the highest

number of migrant deaths

15 november 2016


Births on board

2016 new hopes4

3 babies

ITCG Dattilo

3 November

1 baby

Ship Bettica

26 June

1 baby

ITCG 274

30 August

ITALIAN COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS 3

Criminal business and

lack of legal ways for migration

A rough estimate of the yearly turnover of migrant smuggling can be produced

by multiplying the approximate number of irregular migrants reaching the EU,

most of whom were facilitated, with the average cost of the facilitation services

provided by migrant smuggling networks. Overall, the estimated criminal

turnover associated with migrant smuggling to and within the EU is between EUR

3 - 6 billion for 2015 alone.

(europol february 2016 report)

MIGRATION FLOW BY SEA: A BUSINESS FOR THE CRIMINAL NETWORK

4


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