IT09 L24: MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS- Module 2
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Transcript of IT09 L24: MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS- Module 2
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
IT09 L24: MANAGEMENT INFORMATIONSYSTEMS
Viju P PoonthottamAsst. Professor
Dept. of Information TechnologyMES CE Kuttippuram
February 6, 2014
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Table of contents
Table of contents
Overview
I/O Devices
Communication
DS
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Computer Systems
• Super Computer
• Mainframe Computers
• MiniComputers
• Micro computers
• Professional workstations
• Laptop,Notebook,palmtop etc
• Network computers
• Convergent Computers
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Computer platform
• The type of computer system you are using for yourorganisation’s task is often referred to as a computer Platform
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
CPU
• Cenntral Processing Unit
• Expansion slots
• Single in-line memory modules(SIMMs)
• Motherboard
• Disk controller board
• video board
• power supply
• Read only memory
• CPU
• Hard drive
• Floppy drive
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Using more than one processor
• co processor
• i/0 channels
• multiprocessing Capacity
• Parallel processing
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Types of computer system processing
• Online Transaction Processing(OLTP)
• Batch processing
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Secondary Storage Media And Devices
• Disk
• Tape
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Disk
• FloppyTracksSectorCylinders
• Hard drives
• Winchester drives
• PC cards
• Flash Memory
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Accssing Data
• seek time
• head switching
• rotational delay
• transfer time
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Acess Time
• cylinder method of storage
• Cache memory
• Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks System(RAID)
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Optical Storage
• CD-ROM Drive
• DVD-ROM
• WORM
• Re writable optical disk syatem
• Floptical Drives
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Tape Storage
• Magnetic Tape
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Hierarchical Storage System
• Combines hard drives optical drives and tape drives into amulti layered system for large data.
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Input Devices
• Scanner
• Pointing DevicesMouseTrack BallPointing Stick
• Voice Recognition System
• Card reader
• Touch Screen
• Digital Camera
• Etc.
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Output Devices
• Display Screens
• LCD Display
• Printing DevicesImpact PrintesNon impact printers
• Dot matrix printers
• Laser Printer
• ink-jet printer
• Plotter
• Voice Synthesizer
• COM Recorder(Computer Output Microfilm)
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Hardware Standards
• Compatiability
• Expandability
• Reliability
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Other Acquisition Issues
• Timing the acquisition
• Renting leasing
• Deciding on the acquisition
• Choosing a Hardware vendor
• Installation, Maintenance, Training
• Operating Cost and the environment
• Ergnomics of computer workstations
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Software
• System Software
• System Programmers
• OS
• Communication S/w
• System Utility S/w
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Operating System
• Operating System
• Resident Programs
• Transient Programs
• Multi Programming
• Time Sharing Time Sharing
• MultiprocessingAsymmetricmulti processingSymmetric Multi Processing
• Parallel Processing
• Virtual Storage
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Software
• Communication Software
• Other System Software
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Software
• MicroComputer Opertating Systems
• Single and multi tasking Operating System
• Task Switching
• Kernel
• Utilities
• Third party Software vendors
• Hardware Dependence
• Operating System Interface
• Command line user interface
• Graphical user interface
• Windowing
• Dynamic data exchange
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Application Software
• Custom versus Commercial software
• Shareware and Freeware
• Application Program Library
• Portability
• Single user multi user Programs
• Categorising application software by use
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Desktop Suites
• Word Procesing
• Spread Sheet
• Database
• Presentation
• Addons
• Other Application software types
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Development Software
• Programming Language
• Machine Language
• Assembly Language
• Third Generation Language
• Fourth generation language
• Query Language
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Report generators
• Natural Language
• Application Generators
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Case Tools
• Computer Aided Software Engineering
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Programming
• Object Oriented Programming
• Visual Programming’
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General Software Features and Trends
• Graphical User interface
• Windowing
• Object linking and Embedding
• Multi platform capability
• Network capabilities
• Licensing
• Portability
• Groupwork capabilities
• compatiability with other software
• compatiability with periferals
• Ease of use
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Ease of use
• Readability of Output
• Clarity of the menu
• Help
• Tutorials
• Good GUI
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Sophistication
• Wizards and Agents
• Ease of installation
• Hardware Demands
• memory requirements
• Cost
• Applets
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Selecting Microcomputer Software
• Step 1 - Identifying your application needs
• Step 2 - Seeking the right sofware
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Seeking the right sofware
• Trade Association
• Sofware companies
• Software Database
• The internet
• Computer Magazines
• Consultants
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Selecting Microcomputer Software
• Step 3 Choosing the software theat best fits your businessNeeds
• Step4 Choosing the hardware
• step 5 Choosing a software vendor
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
File And Database Management System
• File Concept
• Data element Field
• Record
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
File Strctures
• Sequential File Structure
• Direct File Structure
• Indexed Sequential file Structures
• Inverted Files
• Linked Files
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
File Structures and Processing Methods
• Online real time Processing
• Batch Processing
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Database Concept
• Data Independence
• Redundancy
• Consistance
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Database Management System
• Dbms is a collection of programms that ,
• Stores data in a uniform and consistent way
• Organise
• Acess
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
database management system
• Stores data in a uniform and consistent way
• Organise the data into records in a uniform and consistent way
• Allow access to the data in a uniform and consistent way
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Components of a Database Management System
• Data Dictionary
• Data Language
• Tele Processing Monitors - Communication s/w that managescommunication between database and remote terminal.
• Application Development Tools
• Security software
• Archiving, Back ups, Recovery System
• Report writers
• Query Language
• Multiple Platform Database
• Web Server Software
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Database Administrator
• Planning
• Design
• Operation
• Training
• User Support
• Security and Maintenance
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Views of the DATA
• Logical View
• Physical View
• The Schema - Logical view of a database
• SubSchema
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Database Models
• Hierarchical database model - IBM’s Information ManagementSystem
• Network database model
• Relational database model
• Object-Oriented database model
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Hierarchical database model
Figure: hierarchical database model
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Network Database Models
• Unlike Hierarchical model the nework model permits a recordto be a member of more than one set at a time.
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Network database model
Figure: Network database model
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Network & Hierarchical Database Models
• Less Flexible
• Require explicit relationships
• Data processing one record at a time.
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Relational Database Models
• Data is organised into a series of two dimensional tables.
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Object Oriented Database Models - OODB
• With the development of Oop
• Messages
• Attributes
• Inherit
• Reusable Objects
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Advantages of Database Management System.
• Data Sharing
• Reduced Data Redundancy
• Improved Data Consistency
• Data Independence
• Increased Application Programmer and User Productivity
• Improved Data Administration and Control
• Increase Emphasis on Data as a Resource
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Problems of Database Management System
• Concurrency Problem
• Resource Problems
• Security Problem
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Specialised DataBase
• Intranet and Hypermedia Database
• On-Line Database
• Data Warehousing
• Data Marts - Subset of data warehousing
• On-line Analytical Processing
• Image database
• Document database
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Data Warehousing - Major Components
• The Data itself
• The hardware and network infrastructure that provides storageand acees to the data.
• The software that extracts data from its original source,convers it into an uniform format and places into thewarehouse
• Graphical query tools to permit dataminig of the warehousecontents.
• A user guide to the contents of the data warehouse
• warehouse management software for information systemspersonnel to maintain and upgrade the warehouse
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Universal Database System
• DBMS vendors have been enhancing their products toincorporate many datatypesThese enhanced products are called univerasl databasemanagement system.
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Communication System elements
• Channel
• Tele communication System
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Communication Modes And Codes
• Analog Transmission
• Digital Transmission
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Data Codes
• ASCII
• EBCDIC
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Asynchronous Transmission
• A Start bit
• Seven bits to represent an ASCII coded character
• A Parity bit
• A stop bit
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
• Simplex
• Half duplex
• Full duplex
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
• Circuit Switching
• Message Switching
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Communication Media
• Speed And Ccapacity
• Twisted Pair
• Coaxial Cable
• Fiber Optics
• Wireless
• Wireless
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Sources
• Dial-up Telephone
• Leased Telephone
• Wireless Network
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Network Components
• Hosts or Server
• Terminals or Workstation
• Protocol Converters
• Modems
• Terminal Connection equipments
• Network Connection equipmentSwitches, Routers, Bridge, Repeaters
•
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Network Topologies
• Point to PointStar and Hierarchical Topologies
• MultidropBus and Ring topologies
• Mesh Topology
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Network Types
• LAN
• WAN
• Enterprise Network
• International Network
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Remote Access
• Transfering Datafiles between microcomputers
• Connecting your remote PC to your office Desktop
• Connecting to the internet and On-Line database
• Connecting to a remote local area Network
• Connecting to a minicomputer or mainfarame
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Reason for managers to implement Network
• Sharing Peripherals
• Sharing Data files
• Sharing Applications
• Reducing the cost
• Connecting to Other Network
• Capturind Data at its source
• Increasing Productivity
• Permitting Expansion
• Increasing timely Communication
• Increasing Management Control
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Network Concerns for the Manager
• Network Reliability
• Response Time
• Cost
• Compatiability
• Security
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Voice System
• PBXs
• Centrex
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Reason for implementing a PBX
• Telephone keypad as a data terminal
• Voice mail System
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PBX Hardware and Software
• Call Conferencing
• Call directors
• Network accsess hardware and software
• Voice mail Software
• Station Message detail recording software
• Data entry software
• Computer telephony integration
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Reasons for implementing Disrtibuted Processing
• Improved Response time
• Reduced Cost
• Improved Accuracy
• Smoother growth
• Increased reliability
• Resource Sharing
• Increased User Satisfaction
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Distributed Processing Concerns for managers
• Lack of professional MIS Staff
• Standardisation
• Documentation
• Data Loss
• Security
• Data Consistancy
• System Maintenance
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Distributed DataBase
• Replicated Database
• Partitioned Database
• Advantages and Disadvantages
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Client Server Computing
• SQL Servers
• Downsizing
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
InterOrganisational Information Systems
• Electronic Data Interchange
• Electronic Market System
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Internet Communication
• Internet Features
• Browsing Documents
• Searching for Document
• Push v/s Pull Service
• Internet Connection Problems
• Sending E mail
• Electronic Discussion Groups
• Transfering Files
• Running Progms on remote computers
• Network Pcs and the Internet
• Internet Telephony and Desktop conferencing
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
INTRANET Communication
• Desingned to provide many of the same features and benefitsof the internetlike: e-mail, File transfer, Document browsing etc
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Extranet Communication
• Lies between Intranet and Internet
• Allows organisation to connect to a wider group
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Office Communication
• Electronic Mail System• Telephone Tag
• Voice Processing System
• Electronic Conferencing System
• Audio Conferencing• Video Conferencing• Desktop Conferencing• Computer Conferencing
• Fax System
• The Virtual Office
• Groupware Systems
• Workflow Automation
• The Paperless Office
Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
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Table of contents Overview I/O Devices Communication DS
Reference
• Management Information System - The Managers viewRobert SchultheisMary Sumner