IT Master Projects 2011 1 (1)

8/3/2019 IT Master Projects 2011 1 (1)

1/23

Prof. Dr. Stefan Heiss

Master-IT: Project work WS 2011/2012

Integration of a Trusted Platform Module (TPM) into a

NIOS II system

Area: IT Security / SW Development

Description

Trusted Platform Modules (TPM) are mainly integrated in Office PCs. The interface used with

a PC (LPC) is not suited for use in small embedded devices like the NIOS II platform. But there

also exists TPMs with an I2C interface which might be a good option to be used with

embedded platforms.

Assignment of tasks

The goal of this Project is to connect a TPM with an I2C-Interface with a NIOS II development

board. In particular, in carrying out this project work you should

learn TPM basics,

integrate an I2C IP-core in Alteras NIOS II system,

develop a basic software module to test the communication with the TPM.

Prerequisites: Programming knowhow in VHDL / C

Contact: Prof. Dr. Stefan Heiss [email protected](Supervisor)

M.Sc. Stefan Hausmann [email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


2/23


Master-IT: Project work WS2011/2012

Tunneling layer 2 protocols over IPSec

Area: Network Security

Description

With IPSec there exists a layer 3 protocol to secure IP traffic. To secure protocols which are

defined on layer 2 of the ISO/OSI model (like Ethernet based protocols to be used in

industrial automation application) the usage of IPSec with a tunneling protocol might be an

option.

Assignment of tasks

The goal of this project work is to evaluate layer 2 tunneling protocols. In particular, in

carrying out this project work you should

identify tunneling protocols which are suitable to be used with IPSec,

build up a test system to evaluate the operation of these protocols,

measure the performance overhead introduced by the application of tunneling

protocols.

Prerequisites: Good knowledge about network protocols


M.Sc. Stefan Hausmann [email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


3/23


Master-IT: Project work WS2011/2012

Vulnerability tests of industrial automation

components

Area: Network Security

DescriptionThis project work will be carried out in the context of the research project VuTAT (Vulnerabi-

lity Tests of AT-Components). The main target of VuTAT is the development of a framework

to analyze and identify vulnerabilities of different components used in the field of

automation (AT), which are using Ethernet based communication protocols. The framework

shall allow an easy application by a non IT security specialist, in particular by developers and

quality assurance personnel during the product development and testing phases. Finally, a

PC based test environment has to be developed, which allows an almost automated

application of the framework.

Within the VuTAT project a document describing known vulnerabilities or weaknesses of

Ethernet based protocols and their implementations has been compiled. This document will

be called VuTAT-DOC in the following project description.

Assignment of tasks Identify and evaluate available test cases (NASL scripts) from an OpenVAS standard

installation that are related to vulnerabilities described in VuTAT-DOC. These test

cases should be generic in the sense that they do not depend on specific properties

(operating system, etc.) of the components to be tested.

Develop new NASL scripts to test vulnerabilities described in VuTAT-DOC, but not

sufficiently covered by scripts contained in the OpenVAS standard installation.

If necessary, integrate some functionality in the OpenVAS implementation that allows

reacting on external events (failure status indicated by some external test device).

Prerequisites: Basic knowledge about network protocols and programming.


Dipl.-Ing. Andreas [email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


4/23

Prof. Dr. Stefan Witte


Area: Cognitive Radios

Title:Performance Analysis of Intelligent Hole Detection (IHD) Method.

Description

Spectral hole detection provides the base for cognitive decision making. Traditional hole

detection methods are dumb, in a sense that they merely provide knowledge about the

instant occupancy of the sensed band and amplitude of the primary signal. Consequently,underlying radio platform can not fully exploit orthogonal oppertunities available in

coexisting environments. As an example, a radio system capable fo choosing CDMA don t

need to switch frequency or find temporal gaps in current channel if it can know that a

CDMA based primary user is active. It can simply choose an orthogonal code to safly coexist

in an already occupied channel. Similarly, there can be many other orthogonal oppertunities

with repect to polarization, diversity, MIMO etc. all of which needs enough situational

knowledge. Intellegent hole detection provides this situational knowledge, which requires

identification of coexiting systems and inclusion of a radio knowledge base (RKB) for

documented information of primary systems of interest.

There are two important constituents of IHD, one is situational knowledge and the other oneis a radio platform capable to tune available orthogonal oppertunities. This project is

proposed to implement a 2-FSK based system which can optionally choose CDMA and can

tune its frequency and transmission power and implements traditional energy detection

based energy sensing (but not signal classification). Eventually, a reconfiguerable platform

will be availabe that would be able to exploit frequency, time, power and code dimensions.

While doing experiments for comparison of dumb hole detection (DHD) and IHD, perticular

coexisting scenerio will be created and hardcoded to the IHD based system as proxy to

classification based situational knowledge. A USRP2 based system should be used for

implementation.

Contact: Prof. Dr. Stefan Witte [email protected](Supervisor)
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


5/23



Area: Robotics / Communication

Title: Energy consumption / billing monitor for charging mobile devices

Description

Mobile robots are typically powered electrically and need to be recharged frequently. This

charging can also be realized without a wired connection. The task is to design an energy

counter for such a wireless charging station, keeping track of the supplied robots and

accumulating the individual energy consumption. This includes implementing a serial

interface to the charger, reading specific parameters and visualizing the supplied energy on a

PC.



6/23



Area: RFID, industrial communications

Title: Traffic Analysis for RFID Devices

Description:

Contactless communication through RFID / NFC is commonly used today in logistics,

entrance control or general identification. The information is exchanged by means of a

varying electromagnetic field. The task is to find a solution for reading typical protocols likeISO 14223, 14443 or 15693 in the LF and/or HF range. Furthermore, a PC-based analysis and

interpretation of the captured traffic is to be implemented.



7/23



Area: Intelligent sensors, robotics

Title: Measuring small capacitances to achieve a position detection

DescriptionAccurate position detection has always been an important field within the automation

industry. One way to retrieve the position on a defined linear system is to evaluate a

capacitance which is related to a specific distance. There are specific ICs available for readinga capacitance and converting it into a digital value (Analog Devices AD7151, for instance).

The task is to implement a capacitance-to-digital converter, test it on a given linear system

and visualize the measured values.



8/23


Master-IT: Project work SS2011

Topic: Inductive data transmission

Area: Industrial Communication

Fields: Electronics, HW-Development, Measurements

DescriptionFor a contactless energy and data-transmission system an inductive Communication shall be

evaluated. For a point to point transmission system an ASK-based transmitter shall be

evaluated and used to realize a contactless data transmission between two microcontrollers.

Tasks:- Help to evaluate and develop the Hardware

- Implement the communication on a Microcontroller in C (Bit-Stream Based)

- Demonstrate the functionality

- Measure the Performance, make calculations



9/23



Area: Cognitive Radio

Title: Statistical Parameter Estimation Using Narrowband Sensors

Description

Modeling transmission characteristics is useful for decision making in cognitive radio systems

and the identification of a good model highly relays on the quality of training data. While,the quality of the training data depends on two properties, these are noiselessness and

completeness. Narrowband sensing platforms are expected to always miss some radio

events which makes the completeness a unique limitation of these platforms. As a solution,

it is proposed to formulate the narrowband sensing as a problem of learning using

incomplete training data.

The primary intention is to investigate learning methods that can allow estimating statistical

parameters (such as mean, variance, arrival rate etc.) of transmission characteristics of radio

systems with a comparable accuracy to that of wideband sensors. For proof of concept

suitable state-of-the-art modeling methods (For example linear prediction coefficient,

Poisson based model, Markov Models etc.) can be used to compare the performance ofsuggested narrowband parameter estimation methods with that of wideband methods.

Proposed method needs to be implemented using USRP2 based platform and its

performance should be compared in 2.4 GHz ISM band with real-time spectrum analyzer,

which will be taken as a reference wideband sensor.



10/23



Area: Cognitive Radios

Title: Predictive Modeling for Coexistence Optimization using Markov Models

Description:

Typically, cognitive radio systems either sense the channel just before transmission or

perform this task periodically in order to remain aware about the operational environment.The former method is typically known as reactive sensing, while the latter one as proactive

sensing. Apart from when to sense, both methods are similar in nature, because both

methods decides about the availability of sensed channel on the basis of information

obtained during the sensing process. However, a channel sensed as free can become busy

during the transmission of cognitive system resulting in harmful collision and unnecessary

interruption for the cognitive radio system.

As a solution, a predictive modeling based approach is has been proposed and has shown

promising results in simulated environments. Since real-time dynamic environments offer

unique challenges that can not be fairly represented using simulations, it is necessary to

realize real-time demonstrators. An additional restriction is to research the use of MarkovModels in this demonstrator as they are already being used successfully in other wireless

application (for example Viterbi Algorithm).

USRP2 based system should be used for this demonstrator. (However, it is possible to define

this project only for simulated environments with slightly changed specification)



11/23

Prof. Dr. Jrgen Jasperneite


Area: Simulation and Visualization

Title: 3D Visualization of virtual automation systems

Description3D Visualization of virtual automation systems (e.g. Lemgoer Modell Fabrik (LMF),

Industrial robots, etc.)

The task involves animating the existing 3D model of the LMF using the information

(sensor/actuator values) available via an OPC server and OPC client architecture.

Area: Comparative Study (software testing)

Title: Evaluation of existing Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) software testingtechniques.

Description

The task involves evaluating the existing PLC testing techniques and realizing some of these

techniques to support the evaluation.

Area: Comparative Study (Software testing)

Title: Evaluation of existing mutant analysis techniques for software testing.

Description

The task involves evaluating the existing mutant analysis techniques and realizing some of

these techniques to support the evaluation.

Contact: Prof. Dr. Jrgen [email protected]

M.Sc. Barath [email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


12/23



Area: Software development, wireless communication.

Title: Development of a remote control system used to drive a robot utilizing indoorlocalization services.

Description:Having knowledge about the position of the mobile node and position of obstacles in the

environment it is possible to control movements of a robot avoiding collisions. That wouldbe especially beneficial in a scenario with many moving modes which may collide. A

Software controlling and tracking movement of nodes to avoid possible collisions will be the

main objective of this project work. The communication with the robot will be realized using

Bluetooth technology.


Mgr. inz Lukasz Wisniewski [email protected]


13/23



Area: Real-time communication, hybrid wired-wireless networks, prediction methods.

Title: An analysis of methods and algorithms used to predict and detect topology changesin the hybrid wired-wireless networks.

Description:

In the hybrid wired-wireless network systems the topology may change dynamically due tothe mobile nodes moving along their paths. Such changes may require some efforts to

guarantee that the Quality of Service (QoS) of the critical nodes (communicating in real-time)

will be satisfied. Therefore, it is vital to know in advance when such topology change

happens and how the topology will look like.




14/23


Master-IT: Project work WS 2011/2012Area: Real-time Ethernet: 802.1 Audio Video Bridging (AVB)

The broad range of industrial applications leads to many different requirements, which must

be fulfilled by real-time communication systems. Because of the low cost and higher data

transfer speed, industrial automation vendors adopted the Ethernet to enable such real-time

communication. Since the existing Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) cannot meet stringent timing

requirements, many extensions are introduced during the last decade to improve the temporal

behaviour. One of the emerging protocol is IEEE 802.1 AVB which is an enhancement to the

IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard. In addition to standard Ethernet, AVB supports precise

synchronization, traffic shaping for media streams, admission controls, and identification of

non-participating devices. Since AVB is an emerging standard, there exist several topics that

require further investigation. Some open topics include:

Topic 1: Evaluating 802.1 QAT in relation with configuration requirements of

industrial networks

Description: 802.1 AVB based network works without engineering tool (the networkconfigures itself as Plug-and-Play). In industrial communication systems for the planning of

IO devices and PLC programming, specialized communication planning engineering tool are

used. It will be interesting to investigate how that fits together? A simulation model

demonstrating possible mechanisms.

Topic 2: Investigation of redundancy options for 802.1 AVB based industrialnetworks

Description: Evaluation of various possibilities of redundancy support for 802.1 AVBbased industrial network. What extensions may require in AVB sub specifications? A

simulation model demonstrating possible mechanisms and case studies.

Topic 3: 802.1 AVB based traffic classification in relation to industrial

networks

Description: Ethernet AVB infrastructure to transport state of the art real time Ethernet(RTE) protocols. Tunnelling the RTE communication through the AVB network. What are

the performance impacts to the network latency? A simulation to evaluate QoS characteristics.

For the functional and performance evaluation of communication networks, discrete event

simulation approach is widely used (e.g OMNet ++). Which require some skills in the

programming language C++ and basic knowledge in statistics.




15/23

Prof. Dr. Thomas Korte


Area:Software Engineering for Web Services, Web Service Based Instrumentation

Title:Development of a RESTful Web Service to Access Test and Measurement

Instruments with SCPI interfaces

Project Background:

For automated test and measurement tasks, modern electronic test and measurementinstruments (oscilloscopes, analyzers, generators, multimeters) communicate with computer

systems via a LAN, USB, or GPIB interface using Standard Commands for Programmable

Instruments (SCPI). The range of application programs and instrument drivers is dominated

by platform dependent, proprietary software products (e.g. LabView by National

Instruments). This project intends to bring object oriented, web enabled, platform

independent software technology to this kind of applications.

Project Aim:

The idea is, that an SCPI equipped instrument offers its capabilities as a RESTful Web service

using the platform independant Java technology. Since there is a broad range of differentequipment offering 3 kinds of computer interfaces (LAN, USB, or GPIB), object orientedgeneralization structures should be used to classify instruments, instrument commands, and

hardware interfaces. Via the RESTful web interface, it must be possible to initialize an

instrument, sent any SCPI command to it, and receive its response.

To test the RESTful web services for various instruments, a prototype Web application

should be developed, that lets a user enter SCPI commands and displays the data returned

from the instrument.

The Design Problems to Solve: Finding a suitable abstraction for the hardware interfaces

Finding a suitable abstraction for the class of he instrument Finding a suitable classification scheme for the SCPI commands

References1. Using XML and Java for Astronomical Instrument Control:

http://www.adass.org/adass/proceedings/adass99/O8-03/

2. SCPI-Spezifikation:www.ivifoundation.org/docs/SCPI-99.PDF

3. The JPIB project: Java & IEEE488 integration:http://jpib.sourceforge.net/

Contact: Prof. Dr. Thomas [email protected]
http://www.adass.org/adass/proceedings/adass99/O8-03/http://www.adass.org/adass/proceedings/adass99/O8-03/http://www.ivifoundation.org/docs/SCPI-99.PDFhttp://www.ivifoundation.org/docs/SCPI-99.PDFhttp://www.ivifoundation.org/docs/SCPI-99.PDFhttp://jpib.sourceforge.net/http://jpib.sourceforge.net/http://jpib.sourceforge.net/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]://jpib.sourceforge.net/http://www.ivifoundation.org/docs/SCPI-99.PDFhttp://www.adass.org/adass/proceedings/adass99/O8-03/


16/23

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Volker Lohweg

Master-IT: Project Work WS 2011 / 2012

Topic: Adaptive Error detection in surfaces

Area: Industrial Image Processing

Start: September 2011

Partner: Industry Project

Tool: Matlab/SimulinkPrequisites: Programming know-how in Matlabs m-language

Description:

The surface inspection accords a high importance in industrial production, because the product

quality depends on the visual representation apart from the reliable functionality. Especially in the

area of mass-production there is a general need for fast and automated surface inspection.

The aim of this project is to localise errors in homogeneous and slightly granular surfaces. The

algorithm has to be adapted to the surface by estimating the main spatial frequencies in the imagesand afterwards using this information to cluster the surface structure and topology. The defect

detection is done by calculating local statistics based on the probability density without the need for

training specific references.

Tool: Matlab/SimulinkPrequisites: Programming Know-how in Matlab m-language

Contact:Scientific Assistant: M.Sc. Karl [email protected]

Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Volker [email protected]


17/23


Master-IT: Project Work WS 2011 / 2012

Topic: Mapping surfaces for error detection

Area: Industrial Image Processing


Partner: Industry Project

Tool: Matlab/Simulink

Prequisites: Programming know-how in Matlabs m-language

Description:

The surface inspection accords a high importance in industrial production, because the product

quality depends on the visual representation apart from the reliable functionality. Especially in the

area of mass-production there is a general need for fast and automated surface inspection.

In general products contain apart from homogeneous and slightly granular surfaces also areas withinhomogeneity (like edges, etc.). The aim of this project is to map the surface by using local support

frequency based algorithms. The defect detection is executed by calculating local statistics on

homogenous areas.

Tool: Matlab/SimulinkPrequisites: Programming Know-how in Matlab m-language

Contact:

Scientific Assistant: M.Sc. Karl [email protected]



18/23


Topic:

Evaluation of Automatic Fuzzy-Pattern-Classifier

Training Methods

Area: Pattern Recognition / Sensor Fusion / Machine-Diagnosis


Partner: granted Research Project


Prequisites: Programming know-how in Matlabs m-language, mathematical know-

how

Description:

Learning a Fuzzy-Pattern-Classifer is nowadays still heuristically driven. Automatic training

approaches may help improving learning situations, for example when only a small number

of training examples are available. The PMFPC approach was addressed recently, but may

yield results which are insufficient in the application's context. This approach is to be

evaluated using various data sets to confirm its performance or exploit improvement

potentials.

Contact:Scientific Assistant: M. Sc. Uwe [email protected]



19/23


Topic:

Feasibility Study for the Detection of Faults on

Extruded Plastic Pipes

Area: Image Processing and Pattern Recognition / Sensor Fusion / Machine-

Diagnosis


Partner: granted Research Project


Prequisites: Programming know-how in Matlabs m-language, mathematical know-

how

Description:

The detection of faults on plastic surfaces is state of the art. Although, this task becomes

challenging on curved plastic pipes. On those surfaces, different types of errors exist. Those

have to be detected in first place and, secondly, be classified into different fault classes.

The task of this student research project is to develop a technique for fault detection on

those curved surfaces. All necessary tools like cameras, illumination, and software shall beselected. In a second step the necessary image processing algorithms shall be researched.

Contact:

Scientific Assistant: Dipl.-Ing. Alexander Dicks [email protected]



20/23

Prof. Dr. Oliver Niggemann

Topic:

Evaluation of a Multi-Platform ProcessMonitoringArchitecture for Distributed

Industrial NetworksProcess monitoring is a more and more important task for automation systems today. In terms

of condition and energy monitoring, lots of data has to be collected accurately. It is desirable,

for machine diagnosis and process optimization,to make the data available in a versatile and

standardized way.The Fraunhofer IOSB-INA implemented a Software Architecture for this

purposes which has to be tested accurately. This architecture is able to monitor process data

exchanged via industrial Ethernet protocols like PROFINET, EtherCAT or Modbus/TCP

and it can provide the process data together with a certain semantic to several Clients via theOPC UA technology.

First, different software testing approaches like

- Fuzzing- White Box / Black Box Tests- Equivalence Partitioning- Boundary Analysis- Error Guessing- Stress Test- Etc.

should be evaluated and the appropriate testing methods for this special architecture have to

be chosen. Secondly, it should then be used to test the functionality of single modules as well

as the complete system functionality.

If you are interested in this special topic and have a strong focus on the following interests

you could be the perfect fit for us:

- Software Design- Programming Language C- (Industrial) Ethernet: Modbus/TCP, PROFINET, EtherCAT

OPC Technology (OPC UA)

Contact:

Alexander [email protected]

Florian [email protected]: Prof. Dr. Oliver [email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


21/23

Prof. Dr. Oliver Niggemann

Topic:

Using AutomationML for extraction of

information for PLC programmingThe engineering of manufacturing systems has been changed within the last years.Based on

the increasing application of intelligent software tools the programming and configuration of

control devices can be made on higher abstraction layers than before. In parallel the usable

amount of control devices, information processing units, and engineering tools has increased.

Several vendors have developed their own tool sets to

enable a most efficient application of their devices. Hence, a very heterogeneous tool

landscape has been established. This trend will continue.

The new file format AutomationML, which is still in development state, tries to overcome the

very heterogeneous tool landscape by providing a unique format for exchange of engineeringinformation.

In a first step, the AutomationML standard has to be reviewed and evaluated for the ability to

extract useful information for PLC programming. Here, a detailed knowledge about the

process of PLC programming is useful. The aim of this work is a list of information that can

be extracted from AutomationML files.

Contact:

Sebastian [email protected]: Prof. Dr. Oliver [email protected]


22/23

Contact:

Prof.Dr.UweMeier [email protected]

M.Sc.KaleemAhmad [email protected]

MasterIT: ProjectworkWS2011/2012

Area: CognitiveRadio

Title:StatisticalParameterEstimationUsingNarrowbandandWideband

Sensors

Description

Modeling transmission characteristics isuseful fordecisionmaking in cognitive radio (CR)

systems. The identification of a goodmodel highly relies on the quality of training data.

While, thequalityof the trainingdatadependson twoproperties, thesearenoiselessnessandcompleteness.Narrowbandsensingplatformsareexpectedtoalwaysmisssomeradio

eventswhichmakesthecompletenessauniquelimitationoftheseplatforms.

Asasolution, it isproposedtoformulatethenarrowbandsensingasaproblemof learning

using incomplete training data. Such problems are often solved by either improving the

qualityofacquireddataorbychoosingparameterestimationmethodswhicharerobustto

incompleteness.Theprimaryintentionistoinvestigatelearningmethodsthatcanaccurately

estimate statistical parameters (mean, variance etc. referred by i) of transmission

characteristicsofprimarysignalsusingnarrowbandsensors.

Tasks:1. StateoftheartsurveyonpredictivemodelingstrategiesforCRsystems.2. Investigatestateoftheartmethodsforlearningusingmissingdataandinvestigate

theirsuitabilityfornarrowbandlearningproblems.Shortlistthreemostsuitable

methods.

3. CreateacoexistingscenarioandcaptureitusingrealtimespectrumanalyzerforpostprocessinginMATLAB/Simulink.Computestatisticalparameters(REF)ofthisdata.It

willbelaterusedasreferenceforperformancecomparison.

4. Simulatenarrowbandsensingandapplyselectedmethodstocompute i.Compareitwith REF.

[1] Hyoil Kim; Shin, K.G.; , "Efficient Discovery of Spectrum Opportunities withMACLayer Sensing inCognitiveRadioNetworks,"MobileComputing,IEEETransactionson,vol.7,no.5,pp.533545,May2008

[2] AlanC.Acock,;WorkingWithMissingValues,JournalofMarriageandFamily,Volume67,Issue4,pages10121028,November2005

[3] YangYuan,;MultipleImputationforMissingValues:ConceptsandNewDevelopment,SASInstituteInc.,SUGIProceedings,2000


23/23

Contact:

Prof.Dr.UweMeier [email protected]

M.Sc.KaleemAhmad [email protected]

MasterIT: ProjectworkWS2011/2012

Area: CognitiveRadios

Title:PredictiveModelingforCoexistenceOptimizationusingMarkovModels

DescriptionTypically, cognitive radio systems either sense the channel just before transmission or

performthistaskperiodicallyinordertoremainawareabouttheoperationalenvironment.

Theformermethodistypicallyknownasreactivesensing,whilethe latteroneasproactive

sensing. Apart from when to sense, both methods are similar in nature, because both

methodsdecide about the availabilityof the sensed channel on the basisof information

obtainedduringthesensingprocess.However,achannelsensedasfreecanbecomebusy

during the transmission of the cognitive system resulting in harmful collision and

unnecessaryinterruptionofthedatatransmission.

As a solution, a predictivemodeling based approach has been proposed and has shown

promising results in simulatedenvironments.Thisprojectworkwill investigate theuseof

MarkovModelsforpredictivemodelingofprimaryusertrafficastheyarealreadybeingused

successfullyin

other

wireless

application.

Tasks:

1. StateoftheartsurveyonpredictivemodelingstrategiesforCRsystems.2. Theoretical analysis of Markov models to model the spectral usage. IEEE 802.11

basedWLANshouldbeselectedasprimaryuser.

3. Investigate the influenceofdifferent traffic typesof selectedprimaryusers touseMarkovmodels.

4. TheoreticalanalysisofcomputationofdifferentprobabilisticparametersofMarkovmodels.

5. UseMATLAB/SimulinkorUSRP2basedplatformtodemonstratetheperformanceofMarkovmodels.

[1] Geirhofer, S.; Lang Tong; Sadler, B.M.; , "COGNITIVE RADIOS FOR DYNAMIC SPECTRUM ACCESS Dynamic Spectrum Access in the Time Domain: Modeling and Exploiting White Space,"

CommunicationsMagazine,IEEE,vol.45,no.5,pp.6672,May2007[2] Hyoil Kim; Shin, K.G.; , "EfficientDiscovery of SpectrumOpportunitieswithMACLayer Sensing in

CognitiveRadioNetworks,"MobileComputing, IEEETransactionson ,vol.7,no.5,pp.533545,May2008

IT Master Projects 2011 1 (1)

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