IT in Rural India-Opportunities and Challenges
Transcript of IT in Rural India-Opportunities and Challenges
IT in Rural India: IT in Rural India: Opportunities and Opportunities and ChallengesChallenges
DMS,Pondicherry
DMS,Pondicherry
UniversityUniversity
Gro
up M
em
bers
Gro
up M
em
bers
Amit kumarAmresh PandeyAnil Kumar K.Anitha KumariAravind R.Ashwin JosephAswini R.Balachandran R.
Pre
senta
tion
Pre
senta
tion
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Introduction to IT in
Introduction to IT in
Rural Sector
Rural Sector IT in Rural Sector in
IT in Rural Sector in
Developed Countries
Developed Countries
IT in Underdeveloped
IT in Underdeveloped
countriescountries Education
Education Healthcare
Healthcare
IT in Rural Sector in
IT in Rural Sector in
IndiaIndia Employment
Employment Case Study 1 –
Case Study 1 – Drishtee BPO
Drishtee BPOCase Study 2 –
Case Study 2 – NREGANREGAGovernance (Case
Governance (Case Study - E-Seva)
Study - E-Seva)Services (Case Study
Services (Case Study
– E-Chaupal by ITC)
– E-Chaupal by ITC)
Pre
senta
tion
Pre
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tion
Outl
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Outl
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Information Information TechnologyTechnology
Information technologies (IT) is Information technologies (IT) is increasingly moving to the increasingly moving to the core of national core of national competitiveness strategies competitiveness strategies around the world.around the world.
All over the world, IT has All over the world, IT has empowered individuals with empowered individuals with unprecedented access to unprecedented access to information and knowledge, information and knowledge, with important consequences with important consequences in terms of providing education in terms of providing education and access to markets, of and access to markets, of doing business, and of social doing business, and of social interactions, among others.interactions, among others.
Intr
oduct
ion t
o IT
Intr
oduct
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o IT
in R
ura
l Sect
or
in R
ura
l Sect
or
Approximately 70% of Indian
Approximately 70% of Indian Population lives in Rural
Population lives in Rural Areas.Areas. Today, Rural Development is
Today, Rural Development is essential for the
essential for the development of the Indian
development of the Indian Economy.Economy. Rural economy can be
Rural economy can be developed by using modern
developed by using modern Information technology (IT)
Information technology (IT)
Indian Government has Indian Government has realized the role of the realized the role of the rural development and the rural development and the contribution of I.T. in the contribution of I.T. in the development of Rural development of Rural Markets. Markets.
A large number of projects A large number of projects are introduced in the rural are introduced in the rural area with many upcoming area with many upcoming projects in pipeline;which projects in pipeline;which are likely to be introduced are likely to be introduced by the Government in the by the Government in the short span of time.short span of time.
The role of I.T. has The role of I.T. has increased from providing increased from providing only the Networks to set-only the Networks to set-up the basis of updated up the basis of updated technological programs technological programs in the rural area.in the rural area.
The Rural Market of The Rural Market of India is showing an India is showing an impressive growth impressive growth largely due to changing largely due to changing lifestyle patterns, better lifestyle patterns, better communication network communication network and rapidly changing and rapidly changing demand structure of demand structure of consumers of rural area.consumers of rural area.
Development info
projects, programs,
schemes & feedback
Procurement
of ProduceSupply of
inputs
Supply of
consumer
produce &
services
Knowledge & info
useful for
economic activities
Entertainment &
info for social needs
Issue of Certificates and Licenses
Delivery of health &
educational services
Education, tr
aining to
enhance
employm
ent &
economic
opportunity
Access to MarketsRural Citizen
IT in Rural Sector IT in Rural Sector in Developed in Developed
CountriesCountries
IT in
IT
in
Underd
eve
loped
Underd
eve
loped
countr
ies
countr
ies
Education Healthcare
Educa
tion
Educa
tion
Projected Growth in
Projected Growth in
Education: 24.4% today to
Education: 24.4% today to
55.6% by 2020 .
55.6% by 2020 .
Affordable, high quality
Affordable, high quality
education in rural areas.
education in rural areas.
Confident, English
Confident, English
speaking, computer
speaking, computer
literate students.
literate students.
Increased educational
Increased educational
awareness in rural
awareness in rural
societies.societies.
Includes female children
Includes female children
Healt
h C
are
Healt
h C
are
Projected Growth in Healthcare: 24.4% today to
55.6% by 2020.Health care facilities was not
good between the early 1950s
and early 1980s. But now IT has improved care, primarily through more
timely diagnosis and intervention, reduction of
medical errors, and better
communication within the
care team.
IT in Rural Sector in IT in Rural Sector in IndiaIndia
Case Study 1 – Drishtee Case Study 1 – Drishtee BPOBPO
Case Study 2 – Case Study 2 – NREGANREGA
Dri
shte
e B
PO
Drishtee is present in 5 States and is currently available in six districts. It is a private company, which has the main work of developing the modules for the poor section of the society who cannot understand the international language.Currently, Drishtee has over 100 rural Internet kiosks in several states, run by franchisees according to a revenue sharing arrangement.
NR
EG
AN
REG
A• NREGA is an Indian
NREGA is an Indian
job guarantee scheme, scheme,
enacted by legislation on
enacted by legislation on
August 25, 2005.
August 25, 2005.
• NREGA later renamed as the
NREGA later renamed as the
Mahatma Gandhi NREGA
Mahatma Gandhi NREGA
promised work with minimum
promised work with minimum
wages for all BPL individuals
wages for all BPL individuals
for a minimum of 100 days a
for a minimum of 100 days a
year.year.
• The project saw the rollout of
The project saw the rollout of
new technologies like
new technologies like
biometric identification and
biometric identification and
handheld data devices.
handheld data devices.
Governance (Case Study - E-Governance (Case Study - E-Seva)Seva)
It was initially implemented in West Godavari It was initially implemented in West Godavari District to deliver e-governance facility.District to deliver e-governance facility.
The centers are designed with the view to The centers are designed with the view to provide better governance facilities to the provide better governance facilities to the people of the Rural India.people of the Rural India.
The popularity of e-seva can be estimated The popularity of e-seva can be estimated from the fact that in the year 2003, more than from the fact that in the year 2003, more than 400 million rupees was collected only for the 400 million rupees was collected only for the electricity payment.electricity payment.
Services (Case Study – E-Chaupal by Services (Case Study – E-Chaupal by ITC)ITC)
eChoupal Infrastructure and eChoupal Infrastructure and ServicesServices
Internet kiosk in the house of a trained farmer Internet kiosk in the house of a trained farmer ((Sanchalak)Sanchalak) within walking distance of target within walking distance of target farmersfarmers
Warehousing hub managed by the erstwhile Warehousing hub managed by the erstwhile middleman, middleman, w within tractorable distance of ithin tractorable distance of target farmerstarget farmers
Customised knowledge on farm and risk Customised knowledge on farm and risk managementmanagement
Better supply chain for ITC for farm inputs --Better supply chain for ITC for farm inputs --lower transaction costs, better value through lower transaction costs, better value through traceabilitytraceability
Relevant real-time information results in higher Relevant real-time information results in higher incomeincome
Direct marketing channel for farm produceDirect marketing channel for farm produce
eChoupal Scale, Scope and eChoupal Scale, Scope and Plans Plans
3,500 eChoupals in 5 states of India covering 3,500 eChoupals in 5 states of India covering 21,000 villages, servicing 2.0 million farmers, 21,000 villages, servicing 2.0 million farmers, sourcing a range of agri commodities (oilseeds, sourcing a range of agri commodities (oilseeds, grains, coffee, aquaculture)grains, coffee, aquaculture)
Marketing a variety of goods and services (agri-Marketing a variety of goods and services (agri-inputs, consumer goods, insurance, market inputs, consumer goods, insurance, market research)research)
Plan for 20,000 Choupals in 15 states covering Plan for 20,000 Choupals in 15 states covering 100,000 villages, servicing 25 million farmers by 100,000 villages, servicing 25 million farmers by 2012 with projected transactions of US$ 2.5 billion2012 with projected transactions of US$ 2.5 billion
Higher incomes through-better yields and pricesHigher incomes through-better yields and prices Power of scale to the small farmerPower of scale to the small farmer
Demonstrated Opportunities
Education: Akshaya (Kerala), Sub Titles on TVEducation: Akshaya (Kerala), Sub Titles on TV
Health: Health: Webhealthcenter.com,Webhealthcenter.com, Sri Lanka, MIS Sri Lanka, MIS in AP,SA, nLogue-Arvind Hospitalin AP,SA, nLogue-Arvind Hospital
Economic: eChaupal, GPS by fisherman, Economic: eChaupal, GPS by fisherman, Tara Tara Haat, Datamation, nLogue,Drishtee Haat, Datamation, nLogue,Drishtee telecenters, Agriwatch Portal, telecenters, Agriwatch Portal, e-Krishi Vipnan e-Krishi Vipnan (EKVI)MP(EKVI)MP
E-Government: Bhoomi, eSeva, DrishteeE-Government: Bhoomi, eSeva, Drishtee
Empowerment: Computerized milk collection, Empowerment: Computerized milk collection, Lokvani (Sitapur), Lok Mitra (Jhalawar)Lokvani (Sitapur), Lok Mitra (Jhalawar)
Bridging the Digital Divide
NGOs and grass root organizations that catalyze and mange the community building process
Applications that draw a large clientele that pays for the service, ensuring economic viability of the kiosk
Content that empowers rural citizens and enables formation of communities
Technology that makes rural access inexpensive and robust
Innovations and Creativity: Innovations and Creativity: Key to SuccessKey to Success
Making a market despite many missing linksMaking a market despite many missing links
Creative use of technology in places or for a Creative use of technology in places or for a purpose not originally intended.purpose not originally intended.
Organizational design- coming together of Organizational design- coming together of partners with specific value proposition, partners with specific value proposition, incentives and rules to cooperate.incentives and rules to cooperate.
Combining emerging and traditional Combining emerging and traditional technologies to overcome constraintstechnologies to overcome constraints
Adapting business models to local contextsAdapting business models to local contexts
Role of network orhestrators Role of network orhestrators
Enablers of Innovation in ICT UseEnablers of Innovation in ICT Use
Political will Political will Technology Technology
infrastructureinfrastructure Funding and enabling Funding and enabling
policy environmentpolicy environment Human capacityHuman capacity PartnershipsPartnerships Creativity, Creativity,
entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship and managementmanagement
Awareness in citizensAwareness in citizens
Technology
InnovationProcessPeople
Funds
Role of Government/Private Role of Government/Private Sector/NGOs and DonorsSector/NGOs and Donors
Big Small
Size of Villages
High
Low
Economic potential
Funding Strategies for Rural Funding Strategies for Rural ICT ProjectsICT Projects
Innovation requiresInnovation requires
• InitiativeInitiative
• Risk takingRisk taking
• Tolerance for failureTolerance for failureTherefore need for a venture fund Therefore need for a venture fund
to support projects in rural ICTto support projects in rural ICT