IST 220 – Intro to Databases
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Transcript of IST 220 – Intro to Databases
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IST 220 – Intro to Databases
Lecture 1
An Overview
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Course Objectives
In this course, we will learn Fundamentals of (relational) database Several widely used database systems DB design and implementation Developing simple DB applications
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Textbook
Exploring Microsoft Access 2002 Grauer & Barber Prentice Hall
Features A good introduction to Access components
and features Demonstrating database design and
implementation in a step-by-step setting Introducing how to build interactive DB
applications using macros and VBA modules
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The Approach
Learn relational database through practices Getting started with MS Access
Convenient templates for DB design and implementation
Easy-to-use tools Extended functionalities Widely used in various applications
Getting exposed to SQL with Oracle universal standard query language Industry strength RDBMS
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Major Topics
Introductions to RDBMS and MS Access DB building blocks
Tables – data storage
Queries – data retrieval and manipulation (insert, delete, update)
Forms and reports – user interfaces for displaying data/info
Data modeling & RDB design (steps and rules) Application development using switchboards,
as well as macros & VBA modules SQL (using Oracle)
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Class Plan & Grade Breakdown
Quizzes (5 at 20 points each) 100 points
Midterms (2 at 100 points each) 200 points
Final 150 points
Homework Assignments 150 points
In-class Labs 200 points
Projects and Presentation 200 points
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What Is a Database?
To answer this question, we will discuss the following related concepts Data Information Database Relational database Database management system Database applications
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Data
Definition by Merriam-Webster’s factual information (as measurements or statistics)
used as a basis for reasoning, discussion, or calculation
Raw data Raw data (pieces of information) may not be so
helpful without proper manipulation
Data is the set of static value you store in the tables of the database (You store data.)
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Information
Information is Derived from raw data Specially prepared for certain audiences
Before useful information can be obtained Data needs to be defined and stored in a highly
organized manner Data should be easy to add into and retrieve from a
database Information is data that is retrieved and organized in a way that is meaningful to the person viewing it. (You retrieve information.)
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Database
A database is a collection of related raw data that is well-defined and organized. Usually with data for several subjects (entities)
within a certain application (domain) Teams Players Games Scores and technical statistics
In a relational database, data are stored in tables each of which is designated for a specific subject
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Example – Hawks Roster
Hawks Roster
2002-03 Roster
NUM PLAYER POS HT WT DOB FROM YRS
3Shareef Abdur-Rahim
F 6-9 230 12/11/76 California '99 6
David Andersen F 7-0 242 6/23/80 Australia R
6 Cal Bowdler (FA) F 6-10 253 3/31/77 Old Dominion '99 3
4 Chris Crawford F 6-9 235 5/13/75 Marquette '97 5
15 Emanual Davis G 6-5 195 8/27/68 Delaware State '91 5
12 Dan Dickau G 6-0 190 9/16/78 Gonzaga '02 R
5 Dion Glover G 6-5 228 10/22/78 Georgia Tech '02 3
44 Alan Henderson F-C 6-9 240 12/02/72 Indiana '95 7
1 DerMarr Johnson F 6-9 201 5/05/80 Cincinnati '03 2
2 Nazr Mohammed C 6-10 250 9/05/77 Kentucky '99 4
14 Ira Newble (FA) F 6-7 215 1/20/75 Miami (Ohio) '97 2
42 Theo Ratliff C-F 6-10 230 4/17/73 Wyoming '95 7
13 Glenn Robinson F 6-7 230 1/10/73 Purdue '94 8
30 Mark Strickland (FA) F 6-10 220 7/14/70 Temple '92 7
31 Jason Terry G 6-2 176 9/15/77 Arizona '99 3
Row (orrecord)
Column (or field)
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A 100-Year-Old Example
Aug 13 Adah Talbot ½ day in the afternoon$0.50
Banked for Hara Talbot
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Database Management System
• A DBMS is a software system which takes care of Data definition Data storage and retrieval Data manipulation
Insertion Modification Deletion
Other functions, such as reporting By using a DBMS, applications programmer
can focus on business logic
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File-Processing Systems
X
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File-Processing Systems
Records are stored in separate files Drawbacks
Separated and isolated data Data duplication Application program dependency
Read from the product file for 20 bytes starting from location 1234, from the customer file ...
The difficulty of synchronize data changes The difficulty of representing data in the users’
perspectives
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Why DBMS?
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Database Systems
DB technology was developed largely to overcome the limitations of file systems
Advantages Integrated data Reduced data duplication Program/data independence
SELECT ProductName FROM Product WHERE ProductId = ‘P010’
Easier to update Easier representation of the users’ views
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Relational Databases
The term relational is used because In RDB, data are stored in tables. Each table is a mathematical relation on a number
of sets
Tables are related in a similar way
Aug 13 Adah Talbot ½ day in the afternoon$0.50
Month {Jan, …, Dec}Day {1, 2, …, 31}Worker {…}Time worked {…}Wage {…}
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RDBMS Capabilities
Data definition Attributes – columns of your tables Data types – date, text, numeric, money, etc Relationships – among data in different tables
Data manipulation Data control – permission to use data
Fans can read statistics on website The Hawks manager can add, remove, and modify
player records
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Data Definition
A database is self-describing Metadata – data used to define user data
or data about data
Aug 13 Adah Talbot ½ day in the afternoon$0.50
MonthDayWorkerTime workedWage
Text Number Text Text Money
Metadata, or schemaUser data
Data type Valid range
{Jan, …, Dec}{1, 2, …, 31}{…}{…}{…}
Field name
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Example – Data Definition in Access
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Example – Relationship in Access
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Components of DB Systems
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DB Users
Types of Users End users (naïve users)
Limited access to data, through forms or reports
Application developers Use programming languages w/ DB accessibility
Sophisticated users Use query languages and tools
Specialized users Write special applications, such CAD, GIS, etc
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DB Administrators
DBA is the central control over the system DBA functions include
Schema definition and modification Storage structure definition Granting authorization for data access
Read only Change (add and/or modify) Create tables and modify schema
Routine maintenance
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Uses of DBMS
A significant amount of related data Data about different subjects Multiple uses of these data
Data used by multiple users Changes to data should be synchronized Accesses to data must be controlled
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Sample DB Applications
In a local area network
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Sample DB Applications
In a wide area network or over the Internet
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Characteristics of Types of DBs
Type Sample Application
Number of Concurrent users
Typical Size of Database
Personal Wedding list 1 < 10 MB
Small Business
Entertainment scheduling
<25 < 100 MB
Organizational Licensing and registration
Hundreds > 1 trillion bytes
Internet Microsoft Press Books
Possibly Hundreds
Any