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Information on Citation: methods of referencing your work

Citation is when you inform the reader where your informationcomes from, what your source is for what you say in a particularpage or paragraph or section. Note that you only do this when you

have read a book/website/handout/film/newspaper/other for theinformation that you are summarising. If you want to use theirwords directly then you employ quotation marks.

You do this as you go along (it is not the Bibliography that comesat the end of your writing) by giving information on your sources inbrackets or at the bottom of the page in footnotes.

The best way, however, is to insert key phrases as below into your

final draft to add this referencing information

As has been pointed out (Baker 2002, p.6)

According to Bakers 2001 survey (table 3)

To quote Baker, Local Government(2005, p.7)

As early as 1969, Bob Baker (p.45) was arguing

Baker (2002,p.37) has demonstrated

In his conclusion, Baker (2002, p.98) notes that

In his article, entitled Tax Laws, Baker (2003, p.17).

Baker disagrees with this (2002, p.5)

Is this true? BobBaker (2002, p,8) believes not

These, along with the Bibliography, are the correct and official wayto reference your writing. Ask Mike for examples to be found inpast student work.

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Bibliography: using the Harvard Method (Referencing System)

The Harvard Method is a means of organising and referencing the materialyou have used to research and investigate your written work, a Bibliography.It is a system widely used in academic and professional life.

You must use it too.

A bibliography is a list of the books, journals, online resources, films, TV orradio broadcasts that you draw upon to assist you in your research. It isimportant to note the very specific way that this information should be organised,right down to the use of italics and commas. Please note that items in each listshould be in alphabetical order of authors surnames where this applies. Thefollowing is a simplified guide for you to follow.

Books

The general rule is: authors surname and initial, date of publication (inbrackets), title (in italics), publisher, e.g.:

Bachelor, D., (2000), Chromophobia, Reaktion BooksParker, R. and Pollock, G., (1981), Old Mistresses, Pandora Books

Some university departments will also ask you for the place of publication andthis goes at the end after a colon, e.g.:

Bachelor, D., (2000), Chromophobia, Reaktion Books: New York

Newspaper/ magazine articles/ reviews

Begin with the author, then title of the article (in speech marks), name ofpublication and then full date, e.g.:

Johnson, B., The serious side of censorship, New Society, (December 2005)Siddons, P., A new beginning, The Manchester Evening News, (4/2/04)

Films/TV

Start with the title, followed by the date (in brackets), director, country andproduction company. In the case of TV, add the date broadcast, e.g.:

Alien, (1979), directed by Ridley Scott, GB, TCF/BrandywineArt School, (2005), episode 1, BBC2 TV, September 12th

Using websites

Give the title of the section, the full website URL address and date when youaccessed the information, e.g.:

Harry Potter images,www.slashfilm.com/2007/06/22/75-photos-harry-potter-and-the-order-of-the-phoenix/

http://www.slashfilm.com/2007/06/22/75-photos-harry-http://www.slashfilm.com/2007/06/22/75-photos-harry-http://www.slashfilm.com/2007/06/22/75-photos-harry-http://www.slashfilm.com/2007/06/22/75-photos-harry-