Issues of Grid Integration of Renewables : Creative solutions

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World Electricity production 2010

http://webberenergyblog.wordpress.com/2012/04/08/nuclear-has-fallen-short/Source :

19800TWh in 2010

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Principle of an electric gridThe US Electric Grid

http://www.ferc.gov/industries/electric/indus-act/reliability/blackout/ch1-3.pdfSource :

Electricity Transmission

Electricity distribution

Electricity generation

1

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Storage

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The various solutions of energy storage :

− Electrochemical− Thermal− Mechanical− Chemical− Electrostatic / magnetic

INGRID project :

http://www.fuelcelltoday.com/ingrid-project/Source :

→ Consortium of 7 European partners

→ This project aims to develop a demonstrator renewable energy storage

→ Budget 23,9 million € (30,5 million $)

→ Connected to 3500MW of renewables (solar, wind, biomass).

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Long distance transmission HVDC Technology :

→ More efficient: Over long distances, HVDC transmission can move more power with less electrical losses than an equivalent AC transmission line.

→ Two conductors needed instead of three for alternating voltage (or one if we use the earth like a second conductor)

Superconductor technology :

→ The resistance of superconductive material is low, there is no current wastage when they are used to conduct electricity.

→ To show their properties, and be of any use, they must be at critical temperature, which can be costly.

http://www.crosssoundcable.com/CableInfonew.htmlSource:

http://physicsworld.com//superconducting-wire/Source:

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Smart Grid system

Definition :

The smart grid is a “smart” electricity distribution network use to optimize the production, the distribution and the electrical consumption.

There are five main issues :

→ Use the existing power grid optimally.→ Improve the quality of service.→ Ensure the integrity of network.→ Reduce the cost of electricity

in isolated networks.→ Optimize the production facilities

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Smart Grid Project « DESERTEC »“Within 6 hours deserts receive more energy from the

sun than humankind consumes within a year.”Dr Gerhard Knies

DESERTEC mission :

→ Respond largely to the needs of the producer countries of North Africa and the Middle East.

→ Provide 15% (initially) of electricity for Europe.

http://www.desertec.org/de/smallplan.jpgSource :

22000MWby

2050

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Smart Grid Project « Maui Smart Grid »

Approximately 90 MW of potential renewables within project period

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Smart Grid Project « DENA Grid study II »

→ Prepare the ground for the evolution of the grid in the next 40 years.

→ Transport the excess generated power capacity to the centers of power demand in the west and south of Germany

→ Integrated renewables in the German Grid on the assumption that they will account for 39% by 2020.

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Smart Grid Project DENA Grid study II

Development of the power plant fleet in Germany in accordance with DENA Grid Study II

Two technical challenges:

→ the location of renewables.→ the variability of renewables.

Conclusion

HVDC transmission lines

Supraconductor technology

connect several regions of the world

between them

Efficient grid

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