Issues of Gender
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Transcript of Issues of Gender
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Understood by Linda Nochlin
and applied to... Mary
Cassatt
Thomas Eakins
Art & Gender november 2011
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Editor’s Letter
"Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?"
Nochlin explores why "greatness" in artistic accomplishment have been reserved for male geniuses. Arguing that general social expectations against women seriously pursu-ing art, restrictions on educating women at art academies, and "the entire romantic, elitist, individual-glorifying, and monograph-producing
substructure upon which the profes-sion of art history is based,” have systematically precluded the emergence of great women artists. She investigates the ways in which gender affects the creation and apprehension of art, as evidenced by her 1994 essay “Issues of Gender in Cassatt and Eakins”.
LINDA NOCHLINin
Art News 1971
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Nochlin
the tensions, oppostiions, and achievements of American painting of the late nineteeth century can be best approached through an examination of two of its major practitioners---Mary Cassatt and Thomas Eakins.
“
”
Cassatt & Ea k i n s
two american artists
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“It seems to me that there is no better way of exploring the vexed
issues of American-ness versus the cosmopolitanism represented by the
French vanguard of the period or male versus female production than in
exploring, in detail, the lives and works of these two artist contemporaries, so alike in their ambitions and stature, so
unlike in their choice of milieu and their pictorial language.”
Nochlin
GENDER and DIFFERENCEself portraits
Portrait of the Artist, 1878By Mary CassattMetropolitan Museum of Art
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Self Portrait, 1902By Thomas Eakins
National Academy of Design
“Yet there are extraordinary differences between them inscribed in their work itself, as their self-portraits clearly reveal. Cassatt came from a much wealthier and more socially prominent family than Eakins. She did not return to conservative Philadelphia to pass the rest of her life, as a loner, like Eakins, but stayed on in Paris where she actively participated in the most advanced painting movement in her time, Impressionism..”Nochlin
cassatt & eakins
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soci
al co
nst
ruct
s.
The Swimming Hole, 1883 By Thomas Eakins, Fort Worth Art Center
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Five O’Clock Tea, 1880By Mary Cassatt, Museum of Fine Arts Boston
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Max Schmitt in a Single Scull,1871By Thomas Eakins, The Metropolitan Museum of Art
sim
ilar
subje
cts.
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Boating Party, 1893By Mary Cassatt, National Gallery of Art
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pow
er o
f th
e g
aze.
Miss Amelia Van Buren, 1891By Thomas EakinsThe Phillips Collection, DC
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Woman in Black at the Opera, 1880By Mary CassattMOFA Boston
relaxedoractive?
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MODERN MOTHERHOOD
The First Caress, 1890By Mary CassattMetropolitan Museum of Art
Cassatt’s theme reveals her Impressionist ability to capture
the momentary, the intimate and the
playful; her gift of observation.
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MODERN HEROISM
The Gross Clinic, 1875By Thomas Eakins
National Academy of Design
Eakins positions the one woman in the composi-tion as the one---the only one---who cannot look, who will not look.
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JUSTANOTHERALLEGORY?
Women Picking Fruit, 1891By Mary CassattCarnegie Institute.
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William Rush Carving His Allegorical Figure of the Schuylkill River, 1877By Thomas Eakins
Brooklyn Museum of Art.
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THE END.tow n es & h o o d h o o d