NutritionNotesDaily

2014 Scientific Sessions and Annual Meeting at Experimental Biology

Issue 2 | April 28, 2014

Continued on page 3

Highlights

ASN is @nutritionorg, and the Annual Meeting hashtag is #Xbio.

@FrSeed2Stomach No rodents are human even though some humans are rats. - Dr. Dennis Bier #animalstudy #Xbio

@lindseypsmith Is everything assoc w cancer? Fantastic talk by Dr. John Ionnidis on need to make nutrition epi more transparent #Xbio

Department Heads Breakfast Supported by Kellogg7:00-8:15 a.m.Hilton - Indigo 204

Brazil International Forum8:00-10:00 a.m.CC-29 AB

China International Forum10:30 a.m.-12:30 p.m.CC-31 ABC

E.V. McCollum Lecture by Kathryn G. Dewey, PhD 1:45-2:45 p.m.CC - Ballroom 20D

South America International Forum3:30-5:00 p.m.CC-32 B Minority Affairs Committee Forum: Navigating the Tenure and Promotion Process for Minority Young Investigators 4:15-5:15 p.m. Hilton - Cobalt 502B

ASN Annual Business Meeting5:30-6:30 p.m.CC - Room 31 Global Nutrition Council Business Meeting, Poster Competition and the Kellogg Prize for International Nutrition Research LectureBy Linda Adair PhD6:45-8:00 p.m.Hilton - Indigo C

YPIG Event for Young Professionals and Postdocs9:30-10:30 p.m.Hilton - Cobalt 501C

Eight researchers presented the latest in cutting-edge science dur-ing Sunday morning’s “Medical

Nutrition: Interventions for the Treat-ment and Prevention of Nutrition-Relat-ed Diseases” minisymposium, sponsored by the Medical Nutrition Council.

Studies included:

Health benefits of wholegrain—a systematic review of the evidence to propose a daily intake recommenda-tion.

Presented by Sophie Vinoy, PhD, Mondelez International

Vinoy and her team have conducted a systematic review of published human studies in an effort to identify the daily intake of whole grains that’s most as-sociated with favorable health outcomes. The review includes six studies analyzing whole-grain food’s effect on cardiovas-cular disease (CVD), and six studies on type 2 diabetes. Whole-grain foods were defined as having at least 51 percent whole-grain ingredients.

While the CVD studies Vinoy’s team analyzed confirmed previous meta-analyses showing a CVD relative risk of 16 percent for the highest amount of whole grains consumed compared to the

Symposium Presenters Discuss Medical Nutrition Developmentslowest amount, the researchers found no significant association between the level of whole grain intake and the occurrence of CVD events. Vinoy said this may be due to great heterogeneity between the studies that were included in the review.

The news was better for the diabetes arm of the review. The studies Vinoy’s team analyzed showed an overall reduc-tion of 0.03 percent in the incidence of type 2 diabetes for each additional gram of whole grains consumed daily. The researchers concluded that based on the evidence presented in those studies, 45 grams a day (three servings) of whole grains would decrease the risk of type 2 diabetes by 21 percent.

Effects of a 6-month trial of weight-loss diet plus aerobic exercise versus matched (by dose/intensity) exercise alone on glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in subjects with pre-diabetes.

Presented by Kathryn Starr, PhD, RD, Duke University Medical Center

This six-month study had two arms: a combined lifestyle arm that included a weight-loss program plus low-amount, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise that spanned four to five days per week for

a total of two to 4.5 hours. The weight-loss goal was set at 7 percent, with an average weight loss of half a pound to one pound per week. Study participants met with an RD for four sessions and then had bimonthly group sessions and weekly weigh-ins.

The second arm consisted of the ex-ercise program without the diet compo-nent.

Oral glucose tests were conducted in both groups at baseline and at the end of the study. Results showed an average of 6 kg of weight loss in the combined lifestyle group compared to less than 1 kg in the exercise-only group. There were significant reductions in fasting glu-cose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and glu-cose tolerance in the combined lifestyle group but not in the exercise-only arm. Both groups saw improvements in insu-lin insensitivity; however the combined lifestyle group’s response was better.

Effects of dairy vs. sugar-sweet-ened products on insulin sensitivity, pancreatic B-cell function and plasma lipids in mean and women at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Presented by Kevin C. Maki, PhD, Biofor-

Malnutrition and inflammation is “my personal favorite topic,” said ASN President Gordon

Jensen, MD, PhD, making it a fitting subject for this year’s Presidential Sym-posium.

The Sunday morning symposium fea-tured presentations from three nutrition research luminaries. Charles N. Serhan, PhD, Harvard Medical School, kicked off the symposium with an examination of his research that is currently in press with the American Journal of Physiology and Nature.

The research is designed to answer a simple question: “How can we control excess inflammation?” But the mecha-nism is far from simple, tackling the complex topics of structural elucidation of novel specialized pro-resolving chemi-cal mediators (SPMs), functional decod-ing metabolomics and a new approach to LM/SPM profiling in resolution metabo-lome.

The ideal outcome of inflammation is complete resolution, Serhan said. “Using a simple mouse model, we see the turning on of SPMs evolved from essential fatty acids that stimulate resolution rather than just inhibit inflammatory responses. This has given us the opportunity to see reso-lution as a programmed event,” he noted.

Serhan’s research contains the surpris-

Presidential Panel Examines Malnutrition, Inflammation Links

ing information that SPM stimulates the uptake of microbes. Resolution SPM signal links to system needs, and SPMs shorten resolution of infections and in-crease survival in murine disease models, he said.

Muredach P. Reilly, MBBCH, MSCE, University of Pennsylvania, presented

research he and his colleagues conducted on inflammatory modulation of metabo-lism, adipose tissue and its transcrip-tomics.

His presentation was based on the broad hypothesis that human endo-toxemia provides a model for studying activation of innate immunity in human cardio-metabolic pathophysiology.

One study he highlighted was a col-league’s work on genetic modulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) response through an examination of the genom-ics of fever. Change in the hypothalamic temperature setpoint in the brain induces a complex integrated system throughout the body, he said.

Other research Reilly discussed in-cluded a nutritional modulation of LPS response in relation to omega-3 polyun-saturated fatty acids. Subjects included 80 health volunteers who took a placebo, 145 mg of Fenobrate, 900 mg of fish oil or 3,600 mg of fish oil daily, randomized for six to eight weeks. Researchers found that high-dose fish oil suppressed fever response to LPS and may blunt inflam-matory response to LPS.

Transcriptomics of LPS response are focusing on adipose long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs), Reilly said. Research shows that fewer lincRNAs are

Continued on page 7

ASN President Gordon Jensen, MD, PhD

2 Nutrition Notes Daily April 28, 2014

Visit Us at Booth #301! @nutritionorg #XBio

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FEBRUARY 2014 • VOLUME 99 • NUMBER 2 ht tp: / /a jcn .nutr i t ion .org ISSN 0002-9165

EDITORIALS Unconditional or conditional change: does it matter? Growth charts for monitoring weight gain during pregnancy. C Corvalan See corresponding article on page 296. 245

Dietary phosphorus intake and health. J Uribarri and MS Calvo See corresponding article on page 320. 247

ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Obesity and eating disorders Maternal controlling feeding practices and girls’ inhibitory control interact to predict changes in BMI and eating in the absence of hunger from 5 to 7 y. BY Rollins et al 249

Nutritional status, dietary intake, and body composition The effects of high-intensity exercise on neural responses to images of food. DR Crabtree et al 258

Carbohydrate metabolism and diabetes Coffee consumption attenuates short-term fructose-induced liver insulin resistance in healthy men. V Lecoultre et al 268

Energy and protein metabolism Leucine supplementation of a low-protein mixed macronutrient beverage enhances myofibrillar protein synthesis in young men: a double-blind, randomized trial. TA Churchward-Venne et al 276

Pregnancy and lactation Effects of maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in the first trimester on subsequent pregnancy outcomes in an Australian population. FJ Schneuer et al 287

A longitudinal study of weight gain in pregnancy in Malawi: unconditional and conditional standards. J Xu et al See corresponding editorial on page 245. 296

Does behavioral intervention in pregnancy reduce postpartum weight retention? Twelve-month outcomes of the Fit for Delivery randomized trial. S Phelan et al 302

How do pregnancy-related weight changes and breastfeeding relate to maternal weight and BMI-adjusted waist circumference 7 y after delivery? Results from a path analysis. H Kirkegaard et al 312

Nutritional epidemiology and public health High dietary phosphorus intake is associated with all-cause mortality: results from NHANES III. AR Chang et al See corresponding editorial on page 247. 320

Intake of fruit, berries, and vegetables and risk of type 2 diabetes in Finnish men: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. J Mursu et al 328

Understanding the patterns and trends of sodium intake, potassium intake, and sodium to potassium ratio and their effect on hypertension in China. S Du et al 334

Mediterranean and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension dietary patterns and risk of sudden cardiac death in postmenopausal women. ML Bertoia et al 344

Associations between red meat intake and biomarkers of inflammation and glucose metabolism in women. SH Ley et al 352

Breakfast consumption and physical activity in adolescents: daily associations and hourly patterns. K Corder et al 361

Dietary patterns associated with magnetic resonance imaging–determined liver fat content in a general population study. M Koch et al 369

Gene-nutrient interactions Polymorphisms in the sodium-dependent ascorbate transporter gene SLC23A1 are associated with susceptibility to Crohn disease. M Amir Shaghaghi et al 378

Melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 polymorphisms are associated with components of energy balance in the Complex Diseases in the Newfoundland Population: Environment and Genetics (CODING) study. B Fontaine-Bisson et al 384

Variants in glucose- and circadian rhythm–related genes affect the response of energy expenditure to weight-loss diets: the POUNDS LOST Trial. K Mirzaei et al 392

Bone metabolism Calcium homeostasis and bone metabolic responses to high-protein diets during energy deficit in healthy young adults: a randomized controlled trial. JJ Cao et al 400

Renal disease L -Carnitine supplementation for adults with end-stage kidney disease requiring maintenance hemodialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Y Chen et al 408

Continued on Table of Contents inside

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Scientific Sessions & Annual Meeting at Experimental Biology 2014San iego on ention enter AS ea uarters otel ilton San iego Bayfront

April 26-30

Late-breaking abstract submission deadline Friday, February 21Nutrition topics include:

Early Registration Deadline Friday, February 21ASN and guest society members receive additional savings!

Scientific Program Tracks

Latest News www.nutrition.org/meetings/annual EB Archives

Intake of fruit, berries, and vegetables and risk of type 2 diabetes in Finnish men: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. J Mursu et alDisease Risk Factor Study. J Mursu et alDisease Risk Factor Study. J Mursu et al J Mursu et al 328

Understanding the patterns and trends of sodium intake, potassium intake, and sodium to potassium ratio and their effect on hypertension in China.

Mediterranean and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension dietary patterns and risk of sudden cardiac death in postmenopausal women. ML Bertoia et al

Associations between red meat intake and biomarkers of inflammation and glucose metabolism in women. SH Ley et al SH Ley et al SH Ley et al

Breakfast consumption and physical activity in adolescents: daily associations and hourly patterns.

Dietary patterns associated with magnetic resonance imaging–determined liver fat content in a general population study. M Koch et al

Gene-nutrient interactions Polymorphisms in the sodium-dependent ascorbate transporter gene SLC23A1susceptibility to Crohn disease. M Amir Shaghaghi et al M Amir Shaghaghi et al M Amir Shaghaghi et al

Melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 polymorphisms are associated with components of energy balance in the Complex Diseases in the Newfoundland Population: Environment and Genetics (CODING) study. B Fontaine-Bisson et al

Variants in glucose- and circadian rhythm–related genes affect the response of energy expenditure to weight-loss diets: the POUNDS LOST Trial.

Bone metabolism Calcium homeostasis and bone metabolic responses to high-protein diets during energy deficit in healthy young adults: a randomized controlled trial.

Renal disease -Carnitine supplementation for adults with end-stage

kidney disease requiring maintenance hemodialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Y Chen et al Y Chen et al Y Chen et al

Continued on Table of Contents inside

ANAdvances in Nutrition

A Publication of

AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW JOURNAL

VOLUME 5 • NUMBER 1 • JANUARY 2014 • www.nutrition.org

Reviews, Including: Zinc Defi ciency and Environmental EnteropathySymposia:

Improving Research to Inform Policy Lipid Metabolism and Intervention Dietary Phosphorus Infant MicrobiomeNutrient Information: Vitamin CAgency Reports: Sodium Intake in Populations

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See you at the beach.

Scientific Sessions & Annual Meeting

at Experimental Biology 2014San iego on ention enter AS ea uarters otel ilton San iego Bayfront

April 26-30Late-breaking abstract submission deadline Friday, February 21Nutrition topics include:

Early Registration Deadline Friday, February 21ASN and guest society members receive additional savings!

Scientific Program Tracks

Latest News www.nutrition.org/meetings/annual

EB Archives

EDITORIALSUnconditional or conditional change: does it matter? Growth charts for monitoring weight gain during pregnancy. C CorvalanSee corresponding article on page 296. 245

Dietary phosphorus intake and health. J Uribarri and MS Calvo See corresponding article on page 320. 247

ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Obesity and eating disorders Maternal controlling feeding practices and girls’ inhibitory control interact to predict changes in BMI and eating in the absence of hunger from 5 to 7 y. BY Rollins et al BY Rollins et al BY Rollins et al 249

Nutritional status, dietary intake, and body composition The effects of high-intensity exercise on neural responses to images of food. DR Crabtree et al DR Crabtree et al DR Crabtree et al 258

Carbohydrate metabolism and diabetes Coffee consumption attenuates short-term fructose-induced liver insulin resistance in healthy men. V Lecoultre et al V Lecoultre et al V Lecoultre et al 268

Energy and protein metabolism Leucine supplementation of a low-protein mixed macronutrient beverage enhances myofibrillar protein synthesis in young men: a double-blind, randomized trial. TA Churchward-Venne et al TA Churchward-Venne et al TA Churchward-Venne et al 276

Pregnancy and lactation Effects of maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in the first trimester on subsequent pregnancy outcomes in an Australian population. FJ Schneuer et al FJ Schneuer et al FJ Schneuer et al 287

A longitudinal study of weight gain in pregnancy in Malawi: unconditional and conditional standards. J Xu et alunconditional and conditional standards. J Xu et alunconditional and conditional standards. See corresponding editorial on page 245. 296

Does behavioral intervention in pregnancy reduce postpartum weight retention? Twelve-month outcomes of the Fit for Delivery randomized trial. S Phelan et al S Phelan et al S Phelan et al 302

How do pregnancy-related weight changes and breastfeeding relate to maternal weight and BMI-adjusted waist circumference 7 y after delivery? Results from a path analysis. H Kirkegaard et al H Kirkegaard et al H Kirkegaard et al 312

Nutritional epidemiology and public health High dietary phosphorus intake is associated with all-cause mortality: results from NHANES III. AR Chang et almortality: results from NHANES III. AR Chang et almortality: results from NHANES III. See corresponding editorial on page 247. 320

Intake of fruit, berries, and vegetables and risk of type 2 diabetes in Finnish men: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study.

Understanding the patterns and trends of sodium intake, potassium intake, and sodium to potassium ratio and their effect on hypertension in China.

Mediterranean and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension dietary patterns and risk of sudden cardiac death in postmenopausal women.

Associations between red meat intake and biomarkers of inflammation and glucose metabolism in women. SH Ley et al

Breakfast consumption and physical activity in adolescents: daily associations and hourly patterns.

Dietary patterns associated with magnetic resonance imaging–determined liver fat content in a general population study.

Gene-nutrient interactions Polymorphisms in the sodium-dependent ascorbate transporter gene susceptibility to Crohn disease. M Amir Shaghaghi et al

Melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 polymorphisms are associated with components of energy balance in the Complex Diseases in the Newfoundland Population: Environment and Genetics (CODING) study. B Fontaine-Bisson et al

Variants in glucose- and circadian rhythm–related genes affect the response of energy expenditure to weight-loss diets: the POUNDS LOST Trial.

Bone metabolism Calcium homeostasis and bone metabolic responses to high-protein diets during energy deficit in healthy young adults: a randomized controlled trial.

Renal disease L-Carnitine supplementation for adults with end-stage kidney disease requiring maintenance hemodialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Y Chen et al

Continued on Table of Contents inside

A Publication of the American Society for Nutrition • www.nutrition.org

Review: Inflammatory and growth factor signals and obesity-cancer link

Protein intake and satellite cell response to exercise in men

Dietary CLA and severity of arthritis in mice

Anthocyanin and flavone intakes and insulin resistance in women

Arginine supplementation and intestinal permeability in heat-stressed mice

THE JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONJ NFebruary 2014 • Volume 144 • Number 2

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About Nutrition Notes Daily: Nutrition Notes Daily is the conference version of ASN’s quarterly member newsletter, Nutrition Notes. This publication may be printed during ASN’s Annual Meeting, Advances & Controversies in Clinical Nutrition and/or various other activities which the Society organizes and hosts. ASN accepts advertisements, recruitment listings and classifieds for publication in Nutrition Notes Daily; all advertisements are reviewed. Please email meetings@nutrition.org to offer feedback on the Nutrition Notes Daily, or to share suggestions to improve other aspects of ACCN 2013. Executive Officer: John Courtney; Editorial Staff: Paula Eichenbrenner, Suzanne Price; Publisher: CustomNEWS; Science Writer: Vicky Uhland; Design and Photography: John Carter

Did you know the Egg Nutrition Center administers an annual nutrition research grant program? For more than 15 years, the Egg Nutrition Center (ENC) has supported nutrition research at some of the top academic institutions in the United States. As a commod-ity check-off program funded by America’s egg farmers through the USDA and the American Egg Board, ENC administers over $2 million dollars annually in research grants and student fellowships to extend our understanding of a host of nutritionally-related health and disease conditions. On-going projects include human intervention trials evaluating consumption of eggs or related nutrients (e.g., protein, vitamin D, lutein, vitamin B12) on outcomes related to cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and dementia, as well as fundamental research using cellular and animal models to better understand the mechanistic underpinnings of these condi-tions. In 2014, 53 pre-proposals were received from more than 30 different institu-tions across the United States. For more information on ENC’s research program, please visit www.eggnutritioncenter.org.

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tis Research InstituteThis trial had a crossover design

with six-week treatment periods and a seven-day washout between conditions. It included 34 men and women, average age 54, with either prediabetes or at least a 20 percent risk of developing diabetes. All participants consumed at least two servings of sugar-sweetened beverages a day.

Participants were divided into two groups: One group was given two serv-ings of 2 percent milk and one serving of lowfat yogurt daily. The other group was given two servings of nondiet soda and one serving of nondairy pudding daily. All participants’ liquid meal toler-ance tests, homeostasis models, fasting lipoprotein lipids, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and 25 hydroxy vitamin D levels were measured at baseline and the end of treatment.

Results showed that the dairy group had a significant reduction in HOMA2 insulin sensitivity. HDL cholesterol de-clined in the sugar group, while vitamin D levels rose in the dairy group. There were no significant differences in blood pressure, body weight or waist circum-ference between the groups.

Risk factor modification in pre-di-abetic adults consuming white button mushrooms rich in the antioxidant ergothioneine.

Presented by Mona S. Calvo, PhD, FDA Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition

White button mushrooms are rich in ergothioneine, a sulfur amino acid antioxidant that is not synthesized in humans. This study included 37 predia-betics who had at least two features of metabolic syndrome. Each participant consumed 100 grams of mushrooms daily for 16 weeks, followed by a four-week follow-up. A caterer prepared one meal a day that incorporated 100 grams of white button mushrooms, and meals were delivered to study participants on a biweekly basis.

Researchers measured subjects’ plasma glucose metabolic risk factors, vitamin D levels, and known parameters for oxidative stress, including advanced glycation end products (AGE) at base-line and the end of the study.

They found that mushroom consump-tion raised subjects’ plasma ergothio-neine levels for one month after the intervention ended. It also increased subjects’ serum antioxidant defense capacity (ORAC), but the oxidative lipid stress marker remained the same.

Mushroom consumption raised plasma adiponectin, which is part of the body’s defense mechanism, with no change in pro-inflammatory leptin. It lowered AGE, reducing sources of in-flammatory and oxidative stress. Howev-er, correlation analyses showed changes in plasma AGEs didn’t correlate with changes in ergothioneine.

Regression analyses showed that the change in plasma AGEs were associated with the change in plasma adiponectin.

A pulse-based diet and exercise

training in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: effects on body composition, blood lipids and repro-ductive measures.

Presented by Laura McBreairty, PhD, Uni-versity of Saskatchewan

Working on the hypothesis that hyperinsulinemia is a key contributing factor to polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), researchers are developing a study to analyze the effect of a pulse-based diet, including lentils, chickpeas, beans and peas, versus a Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) diet in women with PCOS.

Pulses are associated with reduced insulin and have been shown to lower body fat in other controls. This 16-week randomized study is designed to analyze whether pulses are more effective than the TLC diet on parameters such as glu-cose control, blood lipids, body compo-sition and fertility.

For two weeks all participants will eat a pulse-based diet. Then they will undergo baseline measurements, includ-ing biochemical analysis, trans-vaginal ultrasonography, blood pressure, daily diet study logs and quality of life ques-tionnaires. After that, they’re randomized to either the TLC diet or two meals daily containing 250 grams of pulses. Both groups will do aerobic exercise five days a week for 45 minutes.

So far, the researchers have screened 230 women with PCOS and an aver-age BMI of 33. Thirty-one women have completed the 16-week trial. Results show no differences in follicle counts in either group. There is a reduction in the mean length in menses and in body mass, but no difference between the groups.

There is a greater reduction in choles-terol ratio in the pulse-based diet group. Fasting glucose is lower in both groups, but there is a tendency toward lower fasting insulin in the pulse diet group compared to the TLC group.

Blueberries exert antihypertensive and vascular-protective effects in postmenopausal women with pre- and stage 1 hypertension.

Presented by Sarah A. Johnson, PhD, RD, CSO, Florida State University

In this randomized, double-blind, controlled trial, 48 postmenopausal women with pre- and stage 1 hyperten-sion were given 22 grams of freeze-dried blueberry powder for eight weeks, or a placebo.

Results showed that the blueberry group had a 5.1 percent reduction in systolic blood pressure and a 6.25 per-cent reduction in diastolic blood pres-sure. The blueberry group also had a 6.5 percent reduction in arterial stiffness measured by brachial ankle pulse wave velocity, and their nitric oxide levels in-creased by 68.5 percent compared to the control group.

Reducing circulating levels of plant sterols by ezetimibe favorably increases platelet counts in sitosterol-emia patients.

Presented by Rgia Othman, University of Manitoba

Sitosterolemia is an autosomal re-cessive disorder characterized by high

plasma plant sterol concentrations. In some cases, total cholesterol can be extremely high, and it can lead to pre-mature atherosclerosis in children as young as 5. Sitosterolemia is extremely rare, with fewer than 100 cases identi-fied worldwide. Treatment is ezetimibe (EZE), a sterol-absorption inhibitor.

This study analyzes whether EZE improves platelet indices and reduces red blood cell hemolysis in STSL patients, and also reduces plant sterol markers.

The study included 12 participants with a mean age of 28. Each participant spent 14 weeks off of EZE, and 14

weeks on 10 mg a day of EZE. Re-searchers measured subjects’ plasma and red blood cell phosphatidylserine (PS), along with serum hemolysis markers, at baseline and the end of study.

Results showed that EZE increased platelet count by 20 percent and reduced the size by 10 percent. EZE also reduced plasma and red blood cell PS levels by 28 to 37 percent. It had no effect on total cholesterol and no significant effect on hemolysis markers. There was significant elevation in biochemical markers of liver damage and muscle function.

MNCContinued from page 1

4 Nutrition Notes Daily April 28, 2014

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CONGRATULATIONS TO THIS YEAR’S RECIPIENTS!

YOUR DEDICATION TO ADVANCING SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE makes us proud to support the American Society for Nutrition. As a Sustaining Partner, we support the Research Interest Sections and the following researcher/academic recognition awards:

David Kritchevsky Award

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ASN Attendees Have a Ball at the Beach During the Membership Reception and University Mixer

April 28, 2014 Nutrition Notes Daily 5

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Almonds are part of the FDA qualified health claim that daily consumption of 1.5 ounces of

tree nuts may reduce the risk of heart disease. But that’s not all these tasty snacks can do for human health, said present-ers during the Sunday morning satellite program “Are Almonds an Optimal Snack? New Research on the Health Effects of Almonds.”

Richard Mattes, PhD, Purdue Univer-sity, said studies show that various com-ponents of almonds have the potential to affect diabetes risk. Along with abundant polyphenols and phytates, almonds are a good source of protein and fiber and a rich source of unsaturated fat, he said. In addition, the nuts are a good source of an-tioxidant vitamin E and magnesium, which reduces insulin sensitivity.

A variety of longer-term trials are start-ing to examine almonds’ role in insulin sensitivity, Mattes said.

“Short-term studies show very con-sistent reduction in postprandial glucose swings,” he said. “Almonds seem to be effective at reducing ‘second meal’ effects and moderating swings in blood sugar.”

Mattes said research shows when people include almonds in breakfast, their rise in blood sugar is significantly lower. And after lunch, even without consuming almonds, this increase in blood sugar was still suppressed. In fact, when 1.5 ounces of almonds was included in any meal, significant reductions in blood sugar were reported even 60 and 120 minutes later, he said.

The heart-health effects of almonds and other nuts are so well-researched that the American Heart Association’s 2020 di-etary goals recommend four or more serv-ings of nuts, legumes or seeds, said Penny Kris-Etherton, PhD, RD, Pennsylvania State University. People who consume nuts can reduce risk of heart disease by about 40 percent, she said, and a 2013 study showed that nut consumption reduces all-cause mortality as well.

Other evidence includes the PRE-DIMED trial, in which subjects ate a

Almonds Offer More Than Just Heart Health BenefitsMediterranean diet supplemented with 30 grams a day of mixed nuts (walnuts, almonds, hazelnuts) or 1 liter a week of extra-virgin olive oil. Both groups had about a 30 percent reduction in cardio-vascular events compared to the control group, even though the study subjects were between the ages of 50 and 80, Kris-Etherton said. Stroke risk was reduced about 50 percent in both groups. Nut in-take was also associated with a lower body mass index and a 2.1 centimeter decrease in waist circumference.

Kris-Etherton also cited a 2010 study of 25 feeding trials that showed a dose re-sponse between nuts and reduction in total and LDL cholesterol. And a seminal study on almonds done by David Jenkins of the University of Toronto showed that eating 74 grams of almonds a day resulted in a 7 percent reduction in LDL cholesterol within two weeks.

“When almonds are incorporated into a cholesterol-lowering diet, the effects are similar to a statin drug—about a 30 per-cent reduction in LDL cholesterol, along

with a decrease in C-reactive protein,” Kris-Etherton said.

She also discussed her own research, in which subjects ate a cholesterol-lowering diet supplemented with either 1.5 ounces a day of almonds or a calorie-equivalent muffin. Both the almond and muffin eaters had reduced LDL cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, but those on the almond diet had lower levels than those on the muffin diet. In addition, the almond eaters had a reduced decrease in HDL choles-terol compared to the muffin eaters.

6 Nutrition Notes Daily April 28, 2014

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CDC sodium recommendations too low for good healthA new study published in the American Journal of Hypertension found

that the average American is already consuming the right amount of sodium for optimal health outcomes and that the low sodium levels currently recom-mended by the CDC and major health departments are now viewed by many in the scientific community as excessively and unrealistically low.

The study, “Compared With Usual Sodium Intake, Low-and Excessive-Sodium Diets Are Associated With Increased Mortality: A Meta-Analysis,” concluded that 2,645 – 4,945 mg of sodium per day, a range of intake within which the vast majority of Americans fall, results in better health outcomes than the CDC’s current recommendation of less than 2300 mg/day. This study was a combined analysis of 25 individual studies, which measured results from over 274,683 individuals.

Dr. Niels Graudal, the study’s lead author said “The good news is that around 95 percent of the global population already consumes within the range we’ve found to generate the least instances of mortality and cardio-vascular disease.” These results follow the findings of a 2013 Institute of Medicine report, which cast doubt on the current CDC recommendations but failed to establish any specific optimum range of intake.

http://ajh.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2014/03/26/ajh.hpu028.1

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The Egg Nutrition Center (ENC) congratulates Ashley Binns, Ph.D. student collaborating with Dr. Jamie I. Baum at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville and winner of the 2014 Energy and Macronutrient Metabolism RIS Abstract Competition for her ENC-funded project, ‘Consumption of an egg-based breakfast reduces hunger and increases postprandial energy metabolism in normal weight and overweight school-aged children.’

Attend Ashley’s presentation on Tuesday, April 29, 2014, from 11:15 AM-11:30 AM in Room 30C; Presentation #381.4.

ENC administers an annual research program with over $2 million dollars provided by America’s egg farmers through the USDA and the American Egg Board. Additional information is available at www.eggnutritioncenter.org.

ASN is @nutritionorg and the meeting hashtag is #Xbio (a change from last year). Follow ASN’s meeting bloggers

David Despain (@daviddespain) at http://evolv-inghealth.wordpress.com and Colby Vorland (@nutsci) at http://nutsci.org. Video bloggers Bar-bara Lyle (@BJoLyle) and Emily Tomayko will post live video to ASN’s YouTube channel: www.nutrition.org/youtube under the EB 2014 playlist. Deborah Fetter (@debfets), ASN student mem-

ber from UC-Davis, will be provid-ing coverage of the SIG and YPIG sessions on the ASN blog (www.nutrition.org/blog).

Social Media: Stay Informed

Even a century ago, the U.S. Depart-ment of Agriculture was recom-mending that Americans eat oats.

The 1916 USDA grain guidance called for cereals and starchy foods to make up 20 percent of kcals, said Joanne Slavin, PhD, RD, University of Minnesota, during yes-terday’s satellite program “Exploring New Territories: The Emerging Role of Oats in Satiety, Antioxidants and Diet Quality.”

Oats are high in soluble fiber, at 3 grams a serving, and the viscous fiber beta-glucan, Slavin said. A systematic review published in 2013 found that beta-glucan was among the most effective fibers in terms of induc-ing satiety.

Oats are a whole grain, and tend to have the lowest glycemic index (40) of all grains, Slavin said. A recent meta-analysis found that whole grain intake didn’t effect weight

Oats: Much More Than a Hearty Breakfast Food

loss but did have a small effect on percent-age of body weight, she said.

Oats are also low in gluten, and have a FDA health claim for lowering blood lipids—in fact, Slavin noted that oats were one of first foods to earn a health claim.

Oats stabilize blood glucose, said Slavin, citing a meta-analysis showing that the glucose-lowering effect is greater for intact grains compared to processed grains, and for oat foods containing beta-glucan.

In addition, oats have much more of a role in gut health than was originally thought, Slavin said. A 2012 study found that oats have prebiotic potential, and Slavin’s own research shows oats increase stool weight despite being high in soluble fiber, and are fermented in the gut to short chain fatty acids. Simple and robust isolation of HDL particles in human serum. LipoSep IP™ from

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Additional products for lipid researchers: Dextran Sulfate MW 40,000; monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against apo(a) and apo B.

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Graduate student Kristin Bates of Texas State Unviersity in San Marcos presented her poster, “Best Food for Families, Infants and Toddlers: Child Care Policy Intervention to Prevent Childhood Obesity,” during Sunday’s poster viewing hours. Along with her colleagues, she evaluated the nutrition envrionment and the food served at child care centers, with the goal being to affect policy change through the staff.

2014Highlights from the American Society for Nutrition’s Scholarly Journals

CliniCal nutritionTHE BEST OF

April 28, 2014 Nutrition Notes Daily 7

PanelContinued from page 1

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We are proud to support the General Mills Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition Innovation Award, and congratulate this year’s award recipient –Nicola McKeown, PhD!

© 2014 GENERAL MILLS INC

Nourishing Lives

nutrition staff at General Millsthrough 50 years of dedicated

WHO/Cochrane Collabora�on/Cornell University Summer Ins�tute for Systema�c Reviews in

Nutri�on for Global Policy Making

In collabora�on with Cornell University, the Cochrane Collabora�on, and Micronutrient Ini�a�ve

Ithaca, NY, July 7‐18, 2014

Division of Nutri�onal Sciences, Cornell University Campus

Par�cipants in this hands‐on Summer Ins�tute will learn from experts how to conduct a Systema�c Review on a nutri�on topic for

global policy making, and have the opportunity to co‐author a published review on one of the following topics:

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For a full descrip�on of the Summer Ins�tute, see:

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Zinc Supplementation Shows Promise in Reducing Cell Stress After Blasts

Each year, approximately 2 million traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) occur in the USA, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. That number includes troops wounded in Iraq and

Afghanistan, for whom TBI is considered an invisible wound of war, one that has few successful treatments. “We have nothing beyond ibuprofen for most TBIs,” said Dr. Angus Scrimgeour, who has been investigating the effects of low zinc diets on cell stress following a blast injury. “The adult brain does not self-repair from this kind of trauma.”

Scrimgeour works for the US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine and recently looked at the effects of five weeks of low and ade-quate zinc diets on a specific protein in muscle cells called MMP. The study recreated blast injuries in 32 rats similar to what soldiers experience from IEDs, including loss of consciousness. An equal number of rats served as a control group. Results suggest that zinc supplementation reduces blast-induced cell stress. He presented the results of his research at the Vitamins and Minerals minisymposium.

“We know that soldiers’ brain tissue cannot repair on low zinc diets,” said Scrimgeour. “And they are losing zinc through diarrhea and sweating.” The question moving forward is whether prevention through diet supple-mentation or post-blast treatment works best to repair behavioral deficits associated with mild TBI.

Scrimgeour added that further research is planned to investigate nutri-ent combinations for treating mild TBI, including omega-3, vitamin D, glutamine and/or zinc. Although the Army is conducting this research, the results can be applied outside of the military, according to Scrimgeour. “As the blast impacts experienced by soldiers are similar to those experienced during head injuries received in a car accident or during an NFL concus-sion, these findings could translate from the soldier to the civilian popula-tion.” Scrimgeour cautioned, however, that what works in animals doesn’t always work in soldiers, which is why more research is needed.

Independent Meeting: Share with ASN

ASN’s independent Scientific Sessions & Annual Meeting, to start with a three-year pilot in 2018, will be ad-

dressed at the Council business meetings at EB 2014. NSC discussed the topic Saturday morning and a planning/listening session was held Sunday morning.

• Medical Nutrition Council: Monday, 12:45 p.m. - San Diego Convention Center,

present in blood and adipose tissue, and that LPS-modulated lincRNAs are tissue specific. LincDMRT2 and Linc-TP5313 were suppressed in adipose tissues in obese subjects and were distinctly ex-pressed in a tissue-specific manner.

“RNA-seq in our endotoxemia model revealed potentially functional adipocyte LincRNAs that might regulate inflamma-tory response in cardio-metabolic disor-ders,” he said.

In conclusion, Reilly said human endotoxemia is a model for the study of innate immune actions on systemic physiologies and tissue-specific functions. Genetic variation and nutritional modu-lation can alter the acute response to inflammation in humans.

33A• Global Nutrition Council: Monday, 6:45

p.m. - San Diego Hilton Bayfront, Indigo C Finally, don’t miss the Annual Business

Meeting: Monday, April 28, 5:30-6:30 pm, San Diego Convention Center, 31. Email us at info@nutrition.org with your comments and questions.

Peter Soeters, MD, PhD, Maastricht University, The Netherlands, concluded the presentations with an examination of inflammation’s harm and benefit to the human body.

Soeters said past research shows that protein conservation has priority during starvation, and is achieved by insulin re-sistance. Glucose oxidation is limited and is used solely for cell maintenance and redox regulation. Therefore, he said, to generate an adequate metabolic response, humans must be insulin resistant.

A variety of conditions, ranging from puberty to pregnancy to cancer, are insu-lin resistant, Soeters said.

“So is there always a degree of inflam-mation in growing states? The answer is yes,” he said. “But although the inflam-matory response is intended to heal or to grow, it may not always be optimal.”

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To respond to the more than two billion people around the world who are affected by malnutrition—both undernutrition and overnutrition—the New York Academy of Sciences, in partnership with The Mortimer D. Sackler Foundation, established The Sackler Institute for Nutrition Science in 2010.The Sackler Institute facilitates unique discussions among experts in multiple sectors in order to identify research gaps, advocate for best practices, stimulate research, and develop innovative solutions to the global challenges of nutrition.

A Global Research Agenda for Nutrition Science

Fall Conferences Early-Life Influences on Obesity: From Pre-Conception to Adolescence September 26, 2014, New York Academy of Sciences www.nyas.org/EarlyObesity

Food Safety Considerations for Innovative Nutrition Solutions November 6, 2014, New York Academy of Sciences www.nyas.org/FoodSafety

eBriefing Highlights Frontiers in Agricultural Sustainability: Studying the Protein Supply Chain to Improve Dietary Quality www.nyas.org/ProteinSupply-eB

The Paradox of Overnutrition in Aging and Cognition www.nyas.org/OvernutritionAging-eB

Every Child’s Potential: Integrating Nutrition and Early Childhood Development Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Volume 1308 All 20 articles available open access at: www.nyas.org/ChildHealth Video of launch event at UNICEF available at: Livestream.com/unicef

Research Grants The annual research grant provides support to researchers seeking to close nutrition science knowledge gaps that could ultimately help to create solutions to large-scale health issues such as obesity and diabetes. The award also serves as a stepping-stone to enable researchers to collect preliminary data and seek additional funding. Learn about this year’s awardees at www.nyas.org/WhatWeDo/Nutrition/Research.aspx

A Thought for Food Podcast Series These entertaining podcasts educate listeners about food nutrients. Guests from more than 15 universities and academic institutions, private sector food companies, and farmers discuss how nutrients and food affect the human body. Listen at www.nyas.org/WhatWeDo/nutrition/thoughtforfood.aspx

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Publication Highlights Technical Considerations for Maize Flour and Corn Meal Fortification in Public Health Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Volume 1312 All 10 articles available open access at: www.nyas.org/MaizeFort

In collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO), the Sackler Institute developed a global agenda for nutrition science research. The resulting report, A Global Research Agenda for Nutrition Science (2013), is a culmination of a 2-year process, which identified gaps in nutrition science research that will drive the development and implementation of roadmaps for critical nutrition science research and interventions. To learn more, visit www.nutritionresearchagenda.org.