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ISSN : 2454-9150 Analysis of delays on Redevelopment Projects-...
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International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM)
ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-06, Issue-06, SEP 2020
254 | IJREAMV06I0666065 DOI : 10.35291/2454-9150.2020.0620 © 2020, IJREAM All Rights Reserved.
Analysis of delays on Redevelopment Projects- A
case study of Mumbai Residential project *Sakshi Sable,
#Prof. Smita Pataskar,
$Prof. Ashwini Patil
*PG Student,
*,#,$D.Y.Patil College of Engineering, Akurdi, Pune Maharashtra India,
Abstract : In order to set Mumbai on a path of ―world-class‖ ness, redevelopment schemes have been presented as an
innovative and humanitarian effort to remove the disorder and degeneration. In Mumbai, the state which is already
debt-ridden have started involving private builders to take over the responsibility of rehabilitation and redevelopment
of the buildings that are in dire need of repairs. For this, the state offered the developers a FSI of 2.5, so that the
builders can use it to construct profitable projects.But, still today, in India the construction industry lacks complete
performance due to poor cost and schedule performance of the construction projects. Therefore, the aim of this study
is to fill an important knowledge gap by identifying the various attributes for construction project delay, using the
residential building project at Vartak Nagar Bldg No 18 Thane. This paper concentrates on investigating the centre
components that are bringing about deferrals and breaking down the everyday records to limit delays.In order to
complete the analysis, data collection is done from the case study site such as information about plans, resources,
budgets and expenditures etc.
Keywords — Delay analysis, Redevelopment projects, Microsoft Project, Project Management
I. INTRODUCTION
There has been a growing trend of easing various
regulations and utilizing private resources since the 1980s,
when the central government‟s approach to urban
revitalization was introduced, which led to the growth of
large-scale urban redevelopment projects, especially in
central Mumbai. And many of those that began in the 1980s
are now completed. Furthermore, it can be assumed that the
central government's urban revitalization policy since 2002
(again) will accelerate this trend.
Mumbai, one of the most valuable real estate markets in a
developing country like India, needs a thoughtful and
sustainable development plan to sustain its growth potential.
Mumbai development planning works started a few years
ago. Large-scale redevelopment projects are not the only
goals of urban revitalization policies. Since these large-
scale redevelopment projects have a huge impact on a very
large area, naturally they become areas of interest. During
the project process, stakeholders such as government,
private developers, and communities seek to coordinate
their interests and form collaborations through various
organizations, both formal and informal, although the
formation of collaborations sometimes delays the project.
Then, how were those large-scale redevelopment projects
completed? How are their processes? How did the
shareholders coordinate their interests and form a
partnership among them? Since there is no recipe that
applies to every project, it is important to learn from
different projects.
Redevelopment Delayed fulfillment of the venture when the
delay of the venture conflicts with the established timetable.
In addition to the structure, the expression - delay indicates
that something will happen later than the actual context
when specified, beyond planned, expected. It is too late to
say that the effort is worthwhile without actually stopping
development. In addition, it may exceed the date of the
contract or correspond to the shipment of the project
beyond the date of bringing the meetings. Unforgivable
delays, unforgivable compensation non-payment delays,
unforgivable compensation delays and simultaneous delays.
Unforgivable delays are delays, which accept the risk as an
alternative for any reason. Sensitive Compensation Non-
payment Delay may be the initial delay Delay in
Compensation Reasonable delay Reasonable delay,
suspensions or interruptions must be every last bit or bring
only the value of effort A performance or disappointment to
eventually be implemented by the employer. Pause for an
obligation specified as an alternative in the contract.
Simultaneous delays occur when both the owner and the
contractor are responsible for the delay.
There are three basic ways to classify a type of delay:
Critical and noncritical
Forgiven and unforgivable
Compensation and compensation are unpaid
International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM)
ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-06, Issue-06, SEP 2020
255 | IJREAMV06I0666065 DOI : 10.35291/2454-9150.2020.0620 © 2020, IJREAM All Rights Reserved.
Redevelopment:
Redevelopment means demolishing the old structure and
replacing the new structure with new dimensions and space.
According to sub-law no. 77, a structural audit of the
building should be conducted when the building is over 30
years old. The report of such a structured audit reveals the
condition of the building and indicates whether the Society
needs redevelopment. Only a government-approved
architect conducts a structured audit. Structural audit is
mandatory because structural survey of the building and
adjoining structures is required so this is the first and main
step in determining redevelopment.
The state government of Maharashtra first recognized the i
mportance of redeveloping in 1971. The Slum Improvement
Programme (SIP) of 1972 was intended to provide basic a
menities to the slum like water, electricity, latrines and sewa
ge disposal, but could not implement these plans as there wa
s no comprehensive census on the slums of Mumbai.
By-law no. [77] According to the Society, the
redevelopment of a building is considered only when it
receives a negative structural audit report from an
authorized structural auditor appointed by the Society to
conduct a structural survey / audit of the building. [77] His
report should clearly state the cost of defects / fixes /
repairs.
Redevelopment requires written permission from each
member of the Society. Unlike the SRA project, in a
registered co-operative housing society, 100% consent of all
members is required before the community can be
redeveloped.
Figure 1 ‐ Mumbai‟s slum Region prompted for
Redevelopment
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
Time overrun is one of the most important issues facing the
construction industry today. There are various factors to
overcome in time that require serious attention to
understand and solve the successful completion of projects
in a timely manner. Obsolescence has a very big impact on
construction costs, which can never be recovered. In the
construction industry, timely completion of a project is an
important criterion for project success (Revlamilla and
Hall.1995). Delay beyond the time limit basic construction
schedule. The main goal of managing a construction project
is to reduce time and cost. However, time delays often occur
at all stages of a construction project and result in an
increase in the overall length of the project (Yang, 2008
2008). The overall goal of the study was to identify factors
that contribute to the overuse of time in a redevelopment
project. In addition, it affects some pits where it is not
possible to dig the hardware. It seeks to generalize this
study.
NECESSARY POINTS TO BE NOTED FOR
SUCCESSFUL REDEVELOPMENT:
The offer received from the developer should match the
possibilities of the plot taken for redevelopment as per the
report of the architect.
2. The manufacturer should be chosen strictly based on his
financial capability and track record, not based on the
highest offer received.
3. Tenders received should be objectively evaluated by a
competent architect appointed by the Society.
4. All members of the Society must agree to avoid disputes.
5. All members of the Society should clearly understand the
full details of the offers made by the developer and should
be transparent in transactions.
6. To ensure that the Managing Committee of the Society is
fully transparent, a Redevelopment Committee of two or
three members from the Managing Committee should be set
up to oversee the entire redevelopment process.
7. All contracts / documents should be reviewed by a
competent lawyer appointed by the Society to ensure that
there is no lockuna.
8. The bank guarantee should cover the entire construction
period from the developer to the total cost of the
redevelopment project.
9. Penalty terms should be included in the redevelopment
agreement to ensure proper implementation of the developer
plan.
10. The members of the Managing Committee and the
Redevelopment Committee should check regularly during
construction to ensure that there are no deviations from the
plans / offers.
RESEARCH SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES
This research aims at performing the analysis for the factors
and effects of delays occurring at redevelopment sites in
Mumbai on residential projects
Therefore, objectives of this research to fulfil the above aim
are:
International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM)
ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-06, Issue-06, SEP 2020
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To investigate the existence of time deviation from the
original time factors in redevelopment construction
projects;
To understand various methodologies that will help in
identifying the factors that lead to time deviation
through extensive literature survey
To undertake a case study to investigate the existence and
the reasons of time overrun redevelopment sites in
Mumbai;
To Prepare and schedule the baseline program and update
using MS project
To develop a satisfaction factor for the projects based on
data provided in the feasibility reports and completion
reports.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Miroslavas Pavlovskis, Jurgita Antucheviciene, Darius
Migilinskas (2017) Assessment of buildings
redevelopment possibilities using MCDM and BIM
techniques - This paper deals with abandoned pre-
industrial building issues and building redevelopment with a
focus on sustainable development. A complex decisive
model has been proposed for the redevelopment of
abandoned buildings by combining Building Information
Modeling (BM) and Multiple Criteria Decision Making
(MCDM) methods. Provides a case study of a previous
measuring device factory.
Rashmi. M. Bijwar, Prof. Dr. A. B. More (2017) Delay
analysis in construction of redevelopment residential
project - arious factors that may cause project delays are
being studied. The reasons, resources and various methods
of delaying the order place are recorded regularly. Daily
data is collected regularly from the site.
Vinod Vanvari, Dr. Sumedh Mhaske (2018)
Redevelopment of buildings in Mumbai city: risks and
challenges - The study revealed various risks and
uncertainties related to these projects. This will help prepare
the relevant partners to address these. In most cities in
developing countries, old buildings are always being
redeveloped. There are one or more reasons for this.
Buildings such as rental buildings that are in dilapidated
condition or unaffordable for repair require more usable
floor area.
Minsun KIM (2012) Peri-urbanization and its
impacts on rural livelihoods in Mumbai’s urban
fringe - The aim of this research is to analyze the
long-term trends of land use change, clarify the
various factors affecting the spatial model of urban
development in the Mumbai metropolitan area and
discuss the relationship with land use management
systems operating in the context of conservation.
Main agricultural land. A detailed case study on the
access to physical assets of rural and rural border
villages in the Panvel block of Raigad district and the
transformation of rural livelihoods revealed
urbanization trends in the local community and their
impact on the urban-rural relations in the area.
Ramakrishna Nallathig, Prajakta Girkar and Samdisha
Sapra (2019) Planning Slum
Rehabilitation/Redevelopment Projects: Evaluation and
Learning from Mumbai - This paper seeks to assess the
impact of such SRS schemes in Mumbai through a
Beneficiary Slum Survey. The results indicate that
community-level social infrastructure is not integrated with
the SRS project plan and that this affects the overall
development and living environment of the slums.
Ashwini Arun Salunkhe, Rahul S. Patil (2014) Effect of
construction delays on project time overrun: Indian
scenario - This paper highlights the types of construction
delays, as any project will experience time and expense.
Construction delay is considered to be one of the recurring
problems in the construction industry, which negatively
affects project success in terms of time, cost and quality.
Muhammad Akram Akhund, Ali Raza Khoso, Uroosa
Memon , Shabeer Hussain Khahro (2017) Time
Overrun in Construction Projects of Developing
Countries - This paper provides a theoretical framework
for overcoming this problem. In this study, two main types
of timelines are considered for developing framework: one
is adoption delay and the other is adoption delay. Based on
the framework, it identifies the critical factors that cause the
time to decrease.
Mulenga Mukuka, Clinton Aigbavboa , Wellington
Thwala (2015) Effects of construction projects schedule
overruns: A case of the Gauteng Province, South Africa
- This paper assesses the consequences of the cancellation
of the schedule of construction projects in the South African
construction industry. The data used in this paper are taken
from primary and secondary sources. To reduce these
overlays it is recommended that all members of the
construction team be trained and made aware of scheduled
overlays.
Tsegay Gebrehiwet, Hanbin Luo (2017) Analysis of
Delay Impact on Construction Project Based on RII and
Correlation Coefficient: Empirical Study - This study
investigates the typical causes of delay at different stages of
construction and its effect in the Ethiopian construction
projects. Using a questionnaire with 52 causes and 5 effects
of delay, data were collected from 77 participants‟ selected
based on purposive sampling from the different contracting
organizations. The methodologies used in this research are
relative important index (RII) and correlation coefficient
Daniel W M Chan and Mohan M Kumaraswamy (1996)
A comparative study of causes of time overruns in Hong
Kong construction projects – This paper provides the
International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM)
ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-06, Issue-06, SEP 2020
257 | IJREAMV06I0666065 DOI : 10.35291/2454-9150.2020.0620 © 2020, IJREAM All Rights Reserved.
results of a survey to determine and assess the relative
significance of delays in construction projects in Hong
Kong. The survey covered 83 delay factors previously
identified and divided them into eight major categories. (A)
The main reasons for delays are analyzed and ranked
according to the various groups classified according to the
role of the parties (i.e. clients, consultants or contractors) in
the local construction industry and (b) the type of projects.
III. METHODOLOGY
This project execution follows the flow chart given below:
Figure 2. Flow Chart Showing Research Structure.
The data has been collected by interviewing the officials of
the construction industry. The study has been broadly
undertaken as follows:
Identified the projects, which are undergoing
Redevelopment.
Studied all the available plans, estimates, schedules and
work procedures in detail and collected all the relevant
data about the project.
Analyse the data obtained and compare the estimated and
actual schedules and budget to understand the causes
and implications of overruns.
Examined the reasons for the over-runs through either
personal interviews or questionnaires.
Listed out all the shortcomings.
Identified the reasons of Time overruns through a general
survey of opinion from Architects, Consultants and
Contractors and suggest the possible remedial
solutions.
The project study involved two stages. The primary data
was gathered through a Literature survey targeted by
web searches and review of e books, manuals, codes
and journal papers. After review the problem statement
is defined and the selected Project Sites of Mumbai
region are taken up for detail study and analysis
purposes.
Furthermore, the factors impacting each perspective and the
criteria to evaluate these factors will be identified in this
chapter. Then the study area and the selection reasons will
be simply introduced. The fieldwork and data collection
will be also explained followed. And the limitations would
be indicated finally as well. Current situation analyses will
be conducted in this chapter by the collected primary data
and information. In the present study, we are going to do
detail to investigate the reasons for time overrun in
redevelopment projects
CASE STUDY DETAILS:
Name of project: - Redevelopment of high rise
residential building (Grand central building no. 18)
Developers name: -Puranik Builders Ltd
Name of contractor: - M/s.Ahluwalia construction
ltd.
Architect:- M/s.Design consortium Architects Pvt
Ltd.
Structural consultant: -Thornton Tomasetti (US
based)
MEP Consultant: -CLANCY GLOBAL
Site specifications: -
Height of building: 97m
Building configuration: G+30 floors, underground water
tanks, service floor, stacked parking at ground level.
Location: Vartak nagar, Thane.
Built up area:1,17,185 Sqft
Fig 3: Detailed drawing of the case study project
QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN AND CONTENTS
An interview is an efficient and useful method to obtain
deep insight into the study area. It is also a direct way to
International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM)
ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-06, Issue-06, SEP 2020
258 | IJREAMV06I0666065 DOI : 10.35291/2454-9150.2020.0620 © 2020, IJREAM All Rights Reserved.
understand the target peoples‟ ideas. During the fieldwork
period, through interviewing, some firsthand information is
collected. It provided a wide range of information from
government concerns, potential social problems to
redevelopment strategies. Table 3.2 gives an overview of
interview topics and interviewees. Due to privacy reasons,
names of the interviewees are concealed here.
Table 3.2 Interview topics and questionnaire checklist
No. Position Organization Topic Check points
for this research
1 Official Mumbai
Metropolitan
Region
Development
Authority
The
compensation
and
preferential
policies of
redevelopment
in Mumbai
[1] Start point
for
redevelopment
[2] Potential
obstacles for
redevelopment
[3]Aims and
objectives of
compensation or
preferential
policies
2 Planner and
Researcher
Urban
Planning and
Design
Institute of
Mumbai
Development
history of
Redevelopment
in Mumbai
Criteria to
decide the key
urban buildings
needed to be
redevelopment
3 Official and
researcher
The Renewal
Authority
Current
situation of
redevelopment
in Mumbai
Reasons to
redevelop
Mumbai
4 Planner Case study Redevelopment
strategies of
redevelopment
[1] Principles
should be
respected in
redevelopment
process
[2]Items
generally
contained in
redevelopment
strategies
[3]General
framework to
constituted
strategies
5 Researcher Case study Related social
and culture
impacts of
redevelopment
[1] Current
living state of
the people in the
old buildings
considered for
redevelopment
[2] Potential
social problems
aroused by
redevelopment
CASE STUDY PLANNING DEVELOPMENTS-
1) Objectives for planning-
Planning comprises defining objectives of the project
schedule of works, Construction Methods, Planning of
Resources, preparing estimations of duration for various
activities to bring about the timely completion of the
project.
2)Scope-
The Scope of this Manual includes Macro/Portfolio
Schedule, Micro Schedule, Logistic Planning, Delay
Analysis, Variance Analysis, Monitoring & Tracking, and
activities related with Pre-Construction as well as During-
Construction Period. This Manual will give a detailed idea
about work process and how other departments are
associated with the process to execute the project.
Fig 4.1: Planning process
3) Preparation of schedules:
Micro Schedule-
After the collection of data as explained in chapter 3 To
estimate detailed schedule based on tender drawing and
design development documents following chart is
developed
Table 2: Process chart
MSP online:
To upload and update micro project schedule online in
SharePoint platform the following procedure is followed:
Table 3: Process chart (MSP online)
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ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-06, Issue-06, SEP 2020
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Fig 4.2: Process flow chart
MIS reporting:
After the preparation of MS scheduled Presentation of
monthly progress of all projects to higher management is
made important and this process will be executed as
follows:
Table 3: Process chart (MIS reporting)
Fig 4.3:MIS report for the case study site
Fortnightly progress report:
For the case study site progress upgrade the progress report
will need the following:
Table 4: Process chart (Fortnightly progress report)
Fig 4.4: sample of Fortnightly progress report update
charts from the site
Pre-engineering meeting:
The planning is known to improve the performance of the
construction project in terms of cost, schedule and quality.
However, it often points out that project teams do not have
effective planning methods and generally do not have the
time or ability to plan in detail. The following refers to a
small but rigorous project planning method called pre-
engineering meetings, which are conducted exclusively
between the owner and selected contractor project teams
prior to the commencement of operations aimed at
maximizing project team expansion and minimizing the risk
of errors.
International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM)
ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-06, Issue-06, SEP 2020
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The pre-engineering meetings will be conducted as
follows:
Fig 4.5: Process flow chart (Pre-engineering meeting)
Table 4.5: Process chart (Pre-engineering meeting)
Fig 4.5: sample of Pre-engineering meeting update
charts from the site
PREPARATION OF MICROSOFT SCHEDULE FOR
THE CASE STUDY SITE DELAY ANALYSIS:
MSP online:
Before preparing the schedule, identify the various activities
at the beginning and identify the resources needed for the
project. The project turned out to require about 160
activities. The project scheduling method used in the MS
project to integrate all activities is a complex path method.
The total base duration of the project is 432 days.
The list includes all work packages, activities and tasks
involved in construction. Demand for materials, manpower,
machinery and money will be determined at this stage.
Estimates the cost and duration of various activities. The
goal of an architectural plan is to complete the tasks that
need to be completed and to create a timetable or exact
sequence of activities, allowing a start date and end date for
each activity and watching the tasks completed. Every
activity is available when needed. The steps required to
complete such a plan include logic (planning), time,
analysis and scheduling. Planning input comes from
assessment departments, project managers, field engineers,
foremen and contractors. The plan should be based on the
project as a whole and on clearly defined goals
The following pictures show the MSP prepared after
collection of relevant data-
International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM)
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DISCUSSION OF RESULTS AND DELAY
ANALYSIS:
Findings from the MSP at the case study site:
The delay observed on the site is shown and highlighted
below:
Fig 5: findings of the Delay on the site selected for study
The reasons observed at the site that accounted for delays
are –
Delay in tower crane commissioning, breakdown
and crane jumping
Delay due to payment issues of the contractor
Delay in go ahead for terrace slab
Delay due to tower crane jumping
Shortage of manpower
Delay due to payment issues of the Finishing
contractor
Delay in go ahead for plinth works
Delay due to payment issues of the RMC suppliers
Delay in go ahead for above plinth works
All these delays can be broadly classified in factors that are
accounted in the literature review too as the primary causes
of delays on many construction sites. These factors are-
1) Factors related to manpower
2) Factors related to equipment
3) Factors related to management team at site
4) Factors related to weather
5) Factors related to government policies
6) Factors related to project characteristics
7) Miscellaneous factors
Pilot questionnaire survey analysis:
The small sample of tenants was identified from housing
societies under redevelopment. Simple questionnaire was
designed to undertake this. The factors identified were
incorporated in pilot questionnaire survey. The attributes
identified were presented to respondents. The respondents
(tenants, ten in number) were requested to respond to this.
The rating of one most important attribute i.e. “Level of
Risk” were sought on 1 to 10 scales, “1” represented
“Strong disagreement” and “10” represented “Strong
agreement “. (See Table I). The outcome of analysis of Pilot
Questionnaire can be summarized as follows:
1) The learned and updated lot among tenants feels
relatively less risk in the process.
2) Risk varies from project to project, person to person,
phase to phase.
Fig 6: Analysis of Answers of Pilot Questionnaire
Survey
Table 6.1: Project Phases and Risks
Phase of Project Risk Level Duration in Months
1 Initial Preparation and PMC
Selection
Very High 2 to 3
2 Project Feasibility Very High 2 to 4
3 Tendering, Developer High 6 to 8
International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM)
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Selection
4 Pre-execution Medium 8 to 10
5 Construction, Handing over Moderate 27 to 59
IV. CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusions:
The study focused on construction delays in Mumbai‟s
redevelopment projects. The study sought the views of
clients, consultants, tenants and contractors on the relative
importance of factors contributing to delays in construction
projects. Based on the above study, we can decide whether
or not to frame the project within such a parameter to define
the schedule. With proper planning and management, the
material gained from the study can help overcome delays at
any redevelopment site. Delays can be minimized if there is
proper control over planning, scheduling and
implementation during construction.
Delays can be minimized or minimized by a team of
experienced or skilled staff, but delays cannot be avoided
due to a variety of weather, labor availability, identity and
many other factors. Therefore, effective planning and
tracking / construction monitoring can lead to more or less
additional costs of delay.
The responses that begin with the respondents make it clear
that the parties are almost identical to the delays that occur
with the project. From the above analysis I have come to the
following conclusions: -
Delay in installments, i.e. payments can lead to
construction delay.
Poor coordination on behalf of the contractor.
Lack of qualified labor, supplies and equipment
when qualification is required.
The total time of the above project is 369 days after
the planning of the above project.
From box to box plot analysis, it shows the most significant
delays from manufacturers and low productivity workers for
poor communication. Maximum delay was seen in brake
device faults
6.2 Recommendations
If we practice and work properly to eliminate errors of the
site. Delays can be reduced by the following factors.
1. Teamwork
2. Detailed investigation.
3. Careful and regular monitoring and meetings.
4. Careful and regular monitoring and meetings.
5. Effective management.
6. Collaboration and effective work and coordination.
7. Schedule carefully
Here are some ways or steps to avoid over time in
redevelopment projects:
1. Regular Advance Meeting.
2. Use the upcoming engineering application.
3. Use the appropriate modern type of construction until
date development.
4. Use appropriate development approaches.
5. The key to successful planning.
6. Getting the best material possible.
7. Early start-up cost estimates.
8. Clear most data and correspondence channels.
9. Continuous coordination is included between meetings.
10. Slang suitable for previous work experience.
11. Good project planning and planning.
12. Complete the long linear configuration.
13. Materials of 3M are always planned for backup
conditions both man and machine.
REFERENCES
[1] Miroslavas Pavlovskis, Jurgita Antucheviciene, Darius Migilinskas
(2017) Assessment of buildings redevelopment possibilities using
MCDM and BIM techniques – Procedia Engineering 172 (2017) 846
– 850
[2] Rashmi. M. Bijwar, Prof. Dr. A. B. More (2017) Delay analysis in
construction of redevelopment residential project - International
Research Journal of Engineering and Technology Volume: 04 Issue:
07 | July -2017
[3] Vinod Vanvari , Dr. Sumedh Mhaske (2018) Redevelopment of
buildings in Mumbai city: risks and challenges - International
Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7 (3.29) (2018) 91-94
[4] Minsun KIM (2012) Peri-urbanization and its impacts on rural
livelihoods in Mumbai‟s urban fringe - Peri-urbanization and its
impacts on rural livelihoods in Mumbai‟s urban fringe 48th
ISOCARP Congress 2012
[5] Ramakrishna Nallathiga , Prajakta Girkar and Samdisha Sapra (2019)
Planning Slum Rehabilitation/Redevelopment Projects:Evaluation
and Learning from Mumbai - „Real Estate Development‟, Research
& Publications Department, National Institute of Construction
Management Research, Pune, pp 11 – 30
[6] Ashwini Arun Salunkhe, Rahul S. Patil (2014) Effect of construction
delays on project time overrun:indian scenario - International Journal
of Research in Engineering and Technology Volume: 03 Issue: 01 |
Jan-2014,
[7] Muhammad Akram Akhund , Ali Raza Khoso , Uroosa Memon ,
Shabeer Hussain Khahro (2017) Time Overrun in Construction
Projects of Developing Countries - Imperial Journal of
Interdisciplinary Research Vol-3, Issue-4, 2017
[8] Mulenga Mukuka, Clinton Aigbavboa , Wellington Thwala (2015)
Effects of construction projects schedule overruns: A case of the
Gauteng Province, South Africa - Procedia Manufacturing 3 ( 2015 )
1690 – 1695
[9] Tsegay Gebrehiwet , Hanbin Luo (2017) Analysis of Delay Impact on
Construction Project Based on RII and Correlation Coefficient:
Empirical Study - Procedia Engineering 196 ( 2017 ) 366 – 374
[10] Daniel W M Chan and Mohan M Kumaraswamy (1996) A
comparative study of causes of time overruns in Hong Kong
construction projects - International Journal of Project Management
Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 55-63, 1997