ISSN: 2454-1362, An … Tollway Pvt Ltd, will begin converting the stretch to four lanes from Hisar...

Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-2, Issue-10, 2016 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) 517

An Accidental Study and Safety Measures of Hisar-Rohtak National

Highway

Er. Parveen Berwal1& Amit Siwach2

1Asst. professor, Department of Civil Engineering Indus Institute Of Engineering & Technology (IIET) 2M.Tech. Scholar, Dept. of Civil Engineering, IIET

Abstract: The India is a developing nation and the road network plays a vital role in the development of the country. Due to the increase in vehicle population the number of accidents are increasing at a faster rate. Road accidents have a negative impact resulting in death, damage to health , property and degradation of environment. According to the National Crime Records Bureau, Ministry of Road Transport and Highway, Law commission of India, Global status report on road safety 2015, one serious road accident in the country occurs every minute and 16 dies on Indian roads every hour. In 2015, there were about 5 lakh road accidents in the country, of which 1.46 lakh people were killed. Road accidents kill 382 persons everyday which is 1682 times more than terrorism. The report said a total of 1,41,526 people were killed and 4,77,731 injured. Two-wheeler riders were the maximum people killed in these accidents at 33%, followed by riders of trucks (20.1%), cars (12.1%) and buses (8.8%). National highways accounted for about 35% in total number of persons killed and 29% in injuries. Mumbai had the highest number of 23468 road accidents during 2015 while Delhi recorded the highest number of 1622 deaths. Thirteen states accounted for 87-2% of road accidents in which Tamil Nadu occupied the top slot with 79746 persons injured in road accidents. Besides the list includes Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Kerala, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Telangana, Gujarat, Chattisgarh, Odisha and West Bengal. NH-10 is one of the major connectivity from Hisar to Rohtak which primarily originates from Delhi and ends at Fazilka in Punjab which deals with carrying the light goods to heavy goods and passengers by bus, truck, car, taxi, motorcycle etc. Study area was undertaken on NH-10 from Hisar to Rohtak which is about 94 kms with a total length of 403 kms. As of 2014 November, a special purpose vehicle, Rohtak-Hisar Tollway Pvt Ltd, will begin converting the stretch to four lanes from Hisar to Rohtak (two lanes

in each direction with wide paved shoulders and a tree lined median in the middle).The project is scheduled for completion by june 2016. The concession period for the project including the construction period is 22 years. The location in the roadway where the traffic accident often occurs is called a black spot. The accident data is analyzed using accident frequency and severity index method. The safety deficiencies were detected to minimize accidents and save the road users. The deficiencies along with the measures for further improvement have been presented in this thesis.

1. Introduction Road safety is an issue of national concern, considering its magnitude and gravity and the consequent negative impacts on the economy, public health and the general welfare of the people. Today, Road Traffic Injuries are one of the leading causes of deaths, disabilities and hospitalizations, with severe socio-economic costs, across the world. The United Nations has rightly proclaimed 2011-20 as the decade of action on road safety so that the present rising trend of road accident stabilizes and is reversed by the year 2020.

During the calendar year 2015, there was a rise in the number of road accidents and also in the number of persons killed and injured in road accidents. With a rise of 2.9 per cent, the increase in the number of persons injured in road accidents during 2015 was the most pronounced. The various causes of accidents may be due to these factors are shown

(i) Driver (ii) Pedestrian (iii) Passengers (iv) Vehicles (v) Road Conditions (vi) Weather Conditions

http://www.onlinejournal.in/



Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 1518

2. Objectives of Study Motor vehicle population has grown at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 10.5 per cent during the period 2002 to 2015. At the same time, traffic risks and exposures have grown. During the year 2015, there were 5,01,423 road accidents, which resulted in deaths of 1,46,133 people and injury of 5,00,279 persons in India. These numbers translate into one (1) road accident every minute, and one (1) road accident death every four minutes.

According to road traffic safety experts, the actual number of casualties may be higher than what is documented, as many traffic accidents go unreported. Moreover, victims who die some time after the accident, a span of time which may vary from a few hours to several days, are not counted as car accident victims.

The major objectives of this thesis work are listed below

(i) To study the accident rate on the selected stretch of NH-10.

(ii) To study the effect of traffic volume, density and capacity on accident rate on NH -10.

(iii) To study the maintenance of road surface and shoulder on rate of accident.

(iv) To study the various causes of accidents on NH-10.

(v) How to minimize the road accidents.

3. Review of Literature Many factors are responsible for the road accident. But some factors which are dominant in the road accident are includes the following.

i. Driver factors such as over speeding, rash driving, violation of rules, failure to understand signs and signals, fatigue, alcohols or drugs and sleepiness.

ii. Pedestrians related factors such as carelessness, illiteracy, crossing at wrong place, moving on carriageway.

iii. Passengers related factors such as projecting their body outside vehicle, by talking to drivers, alighting and boarding vehicle from wrong side. Travelling on footboards, catching a running bus.

iv. Vehicle related factors such as failure of brakes or steering, tyre burst, insufficient head lights, overloading, projecting loads.

v. Road condition related factors such as potholes, damaged road, eroded road merging of rural roads with highways, diversion, illegal speed breakers.

vi. Weather conditions related factors such as fog, snow, heavy rainfall, wind storms, hail storms.

Following are some paper reviews Violations of traffic rules remained the main cause of road accidents in the UAE despite extensive awareness drives, stringent penalties and deployment of more traffic cameras, a senior police officer was reported on Saturday as saying.

Brigadier Gaith Al Zaabi (2011), director general of the traffic coordination department said that out of the 1,121 road mishaps that took place in the UAE in the first quarter of 2011, nearly 128 accidents were caused by failure of motorists to leave enough space between their cars. 'Al Ittihad' semi official Arabic language daily quoted as this offence also killed 40 people on roads last year and caused around 60 serious injuries, 353 medium injuries and 705 light injuries. Zaabi said another violation involved entering a road without ensuring the way is clear and it caused 105 accidents in the first quarter, killed 65 people and injuries 945 last year.

Zaabi said violations also included failure of drivers to give consideration to road users, adding that this offence caused 95 mishaps in the first quarter.

“Failure of drivers to stick to their lanes was also a key cause of accidents in the UAE, leading to 84 accidents in the first quarter and to the death of 49 people and injury of 704 last year,” he said.

“Jumping the red lights is also a major factor in accidents…it caused 109 road mishaps in the first quarter, reckless driving caused 19accidents while 44 accidents were caused by speeding.”

New research out yesterday revealed that a majority of British motorists do not understand the road signs they come across on a daily basis.

Further to this, over three-quarters - 76 per cent - of Brits think that distraction caused by road signs can be dangerous and nearly half - 46 per cent - have been distracted by road signs while driving. Of those who have had a crash or near miss after failing to understand a road sign, more than four in five - 81 per cent - had to fork out up to £600 on accident repairs.

The Department of Transport has admitted that Britain has 9,000 redundant or misleading road signs which need to be revised.

Four out of five - 82 per cent - Brits agree with the Government’s plans, with over 40 per cent believing that the public should vote for which signs are reviewed.

Nearly a quarter - 23 per cent - of Brits feel that road signs aren’t useful, and more than half - 52 per cent - would feel confident enough driving without signs.



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_traffic_safety



Research among 2,000 drivers by comparison website Confused.com, found 93 per cent were confused by the red circle on white background sign meaning no vehicles except bikes.

More than eight in 10 - 83 per cent- did not understand yellow and black urban clearway signs, which mean no stopping between set times.

Nearly seven in 10 - 67 per cent - did not understand the red and blue circle which means no waiting.

Six in 10 - 61 per cent - failed to know the meaning of a red circle with a motorcycle and car inside, which means no motor vehicles allowed.

And one in two drivers - 51 per cent - could not understand a sign which points out appropriate lanes at a junction ahead.

The Department for Transport is currently revising its ‘Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions’, for implementation in 2014.

Gareth Kloet (2014), head of car insurance at Confused.com, said: 'Our research suggests that many accidents are actually caused by redundant or perplexing road signs.

'It is clear that the government needs to do a better job in educating people on what road signs mean in order to improve road safety. Any accidents caused because of distracting road signs will affect car insurance premiums, which will in turn cost the consumer more money.'

In order to voice the public’s opinion on road signs, Confused.com is running an online petition where people can vote for which road signs should be revised via http://www.confused.com/car-insurance/confusing-road-signs. Any road sign which receives more than 5,000 votes will be petitioned to the government.

Data Collection The only information available for accident studies is the FIR (First Information Report) lodged in the police stations. The data from these records of last ten years (2004-2014) were extracted from the FIR record filed under IPCno.279/337/338/304 (A).Vehicles those involved in accidents and reported in the F.I.R. The categories of vehicles include tempo, auto, mini-truck, minibus, Tata indica,Tata-407,trecker,motor cycle, tanker, tailor(articulated vehicle),truck and bus.

3.1 Road Selected for Study Two-lane (now being converted to four-lane) road from Hisar to Rohtak was chosen. For this study the

following stretches were selected for data collection. The study area is shown in fig. 3.1

(i) Hisar to Hansi 238 km to 263 km. (ii) Hansi to Rohtak 263 km to 335 km.

Fig 3.1 Study area Source: Google Map

3.2 Data collected from Police Records With the prior permission of the concerned S.P, the accident data were collected on two-lane (being converted to four-lane) national highway from two police stations as shown in Table 3.1

Table 3.1 Police stations and road sections covered S.No. Police Station Road section covered under the

police station 1 Hisar 199 km to 294 km on NH-10 2 Rohtak 294 km to 383 km on NH-10

Table 3.2 Details of Accidents Year Fatal Major

injury Minor injury

2004 16 18 37 2005 11 35 48 2006 21 24 39 2007 22 29 43 2008 18 34 49 2009 19 21 41 2010 28 29 55 2011 24 31 48 2012 29 34 59 2013 25 30 62 2014 28 33 68 2015 32 38 75 Total 273 356 624



http://www.confused.com/car-insurance/confusing-road-signs

http://www.confused.com/car-insurance/confusing-road-signs



Table 3.3 Details of accident stretch wise Year

Fatal Total

Major Total

Minor Total S1 S2 S1 S2 S1 S2

2004 11 5 16 10 8 18 20 17 37 2005 6 5 11 23 12 35 22 26 48 2006 15 6 21 12 12 24 29 10 39 2007 12 10 22 16 13 29 20 23 43 2008 9 9 18 12 22 34 25 24 49 2009 10 9 19 11 10 21 14 27 41 2010 15 13 28 13 16 29 25 30 55 2011 13 11 24 15 16 31 28 20 48 2012 19 10 29 17 17 34 39 20 59 2013 15 10 25 18 12 30 45 17 62 2014 18 10 28 22 11 33 48 20 68 2015 25 42 67 26 39 65 45 72 112 Total 168 140 308 195 188 383 360 306 666 4. Results and Discussion 4.1 Analysis of data

Accident Rate= Where M= Total no. of Accidents of a stretch

L= Length of Road Table 4.1 Accident Rate

Name of Stretch

Length No. of accidents in year

Sum of 10 years

Accident rate

Hisar to Hansi (S1)

25 km 379 15.16

Hansi to Rohtak (S2)

72 km 672 9.33

4.2 Annual Variation in Accidents Fig. 4.1 shows the annual variation in accidents of total stretches during year 2004-2015. It is observed that percentage accidents are increasing relatively in most of the year. In the year 2015 accident rate was high and low in the year 2005. It may be due to increase in the vehicle population, urbanization, increase in population and sometimes bad traffic conditions.

020406080

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Fatal Major Injury

Minor Injury

Fig. 4.1: Annual Variation in Accidents

Fig. 4.2 shows annual variation in accidents of the two stretches. It is observed that no of accidents are more for stretch-1 than stretch 2 .This is because of high traffic volume density as this is also t h e l o n g s t r e t c h . Accident rate is more due to more no of commercial and non-commercial vehicles on the road, bad traffic conditions.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Stretch 1 (S-1) Stretch 2 (S-2)

Fig. 4.2: Annual Variation in Accidents of S-1 and S-2 4.3 Monthly Variations in Accidents Fig 4.3 shows the monthly variation in accident. Peak accident occurs in summer season and in winter season i.e. in the month of May, June, December and January. Problems in the summer months are due to inconvenient heat which results in bursting of tyres and excess heat in vehicles engine. Problems in winter months are accident due to insufficient sight distance due to fog.





0

20

40

60

80

Jan

Mar

May Ju

l

Sep

Nov

Month wise variation

Month wise variation

Fig. 4.3: Monthly Variations in Accidents

4.4 Vehicles involved in fatalities Vehicle involved in fatalities during 2004-2015 are shown in pie chart in the terms of percentage. The results indicate that 36% of fatalities are due to trucks and buses, 32% of fatalities are due to car and utility vehicles, 21% of fatalities are due two wheelers, 16% of fatalities are due tempo and 5% fatalities are due to others motorized and non-motorized vehicles. The percentage of fatalities are high in case of trucks and buses, car and utility vehicles because this means of transportation is used for long distance and carrying for goods in stipulated time so this will results in speedy and rough driving some time drivers consumes alcohol which results in bad reaction time and such acts results in road accidents.

Trucks &Buses

Cars & UtilityVehicle

TwoWheelers

Tempo

Fig. 4.4 Vehicle involved in fatalities.

5. Summary and Conclusion

5.1 Accident Investigation Accident No. 1

Accident type: Head-on collision

Location: Hisar Bypass

Date and Time: May 4, 2015, 4:50PM

Vehicle 1: Tata Truck

Vehicle 2: Hero Honda Splendor motor cycle

Fatalities/Injuries: One person dead on the spot and one person severe injured.

Description: On 4th May 2015 one Hero Honda Splendor motor cycle with two person collided with an aluminium loaded truck at Hisar Bypass around 4.50PM. The motor cycle was coming from Hisar Cantonment and truck was going on the highway towards Rohtak. The motor cycle rushed to the right side of truck front. The truck applied brake and turned towards left side. The bike fell down under the rear right wheels. The victims were severely injured. The rider lost his right leg completely and left leg scratched while other was under truck with severe knee and head injuries. The rider had used helmet and saved from head injury. The ambulance came after 30 minutes and took victims to the hospital. The victims were two brothers from Model town, Hisar and rider lost his life after two hours. The cause of accident was overtaking the long truck. The person on the motor cycle did not notice the truck due to the high speed and collided with truck on the highway. The accident photo is shown in fig 5.1

Fig.5.1: Hisar Bypass accident photo

Accident No. 2

Accident type: Collision with a tree

Location: Near Ramayan bus stop

Date and Time: June 14, 2014, 12:50PM

Vehicle 1: Ashok Leyland trailer

Vehicle 2: Bajaj Auto (3 Wheeler)

Fatalities/Injuries: Two persons suffered minor injuries.

Description: The trailer was on the highway with normal speed. At a T-junction one auto with nine passengers was changing direction (left turn) from bus stop road to highway. Both vehicles became front





to front. The trailer driver applied sudden brake and stroked the vehicle with a tree present at corner of junction. The auto driver escaped from t h e s p o t o f collision. Driver and helper became injured. The accident diagram is shown in fig.5.2

Fig.5.2: Ramayan Bus Stand Accident

Photo

6. Acknowledgement I am highly grateful to Honorable Principal Dr. SHELLY GARG, Indus Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jind for providing this opportunity to carry out the present dissertation work.

I wish to express my deep sense of gratitude to my erudite supervisor “ER. PARVEEN BERWAL”, Civil Engineering Dept., Indus Institute of Engineering and Technology and Management, Jind. I owe their overwhelming debt for helping me to plan and discuss the contents of this work. Their ideas, simulating comments, interpretations and suggestions increased my cognitive awareness and helped considerably in the fruition of my objective. I remain obliged to them for their help and able guidance through all stages of this dissertation.

I am grateful to our Head of Department “ER. PARVEEN BERWAL”, entire staff of Civil Engineering Department who devoted their valuable time and helped me in all possible ways towards successful completion of this work. I thank all those who have contributed directly or indirectly to this work.

7. References [1] Pawan Deshpande “Road Safety and accident prevention in India”. [2] Khanna S.K & Justo C.E.2011, “Highway Engineering”, Nem Chand and Bros, Roorkee, U.K, India, Ninth Edition

[3] Dr. L R Kadyali & Dr. N B Lal (2013),” Principles and practices of Highway Engineering”, Khanna Publishers Delhi, Sixth Edition. [4] Pocket Book For Highway Engineers, Indian Road Congress, Delhi [5] Dinesh Mohan “ Road Accident in India ”. [6] Dr. Archana Kual, Dr. U.S Sinha, Dr.Y K Pathak, Dr. Aprajita Singh, Dr. A.K Kapoor, Dr. Susheel Sharma, Dr. A.K Singh “Road Traffic Accident, Study of Distribution, Nature and Type of Injury By”. [7] Sanjay Kumar Singh, Ashish Mishra” Road Accident Analysis: A Case Study of Patna City” [8] Road Traffic Injuries Prevention : Traffic Manual [9] Sreedharan (2010) ”Determinants of safety helmet use among motorcyclists in Kerala, India Journal of Injury and Violence Research”, Vol. 2, No 1 (2010) [10] European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA) , Sarah Copsey (Project Manager). ” A Review of accidents and injuries to road transport drivers”,



ISSN: 2454-1362, An … Tollway Pvt Ltd, will begin converting the stretch to four lanes from Hisar...

Documents

Transcript of ISSN: 2454-1362, An … Tollway Pvt Ltd, will begin converting the stretch to four lanes from Hisar...