ISSN 2320 -5083 Journal of International · S.V.University, Tirupati, India. JOURNAL OF...

Journal of International Academic Research for Multidisciplinary

ISSN 2320 -5083

A Scholarly, Peer Reviewed, Monthly, Open Access, Online Research Journal

Impact Factor – 1.393

VOLUME 1 ISSUE 11 DECEMBER 2013

A GLOBAL SOCIETY FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH

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A GREEN PUBLISHING HOUSE

Editorial Board

Dr. Kari Jabbour, Ph.D Curriculum Developer, American College of Technology, Missouri, USA.

Er.Chandramohan, M.S System Specialist - OGP ABB Australia Pvt. Ltd., Australia.

Dr. S.K. Singh Chief Scientist Advanced Materials Technology Department Institute of Minerals & Materials Technology Bhubaneswar, India

Dr. Jake M. Laguador Director, Research and Statistics Center, Lyceum of the Philippines University, Philippines.

Prof. Dr. Sharath Babu, LLM Ph.D Dean. Faculty of Law, Karnatak University Dharwad, Karnataka, India

Dr.S.M Kadri, MBBS, MPH/ICHD, FFP Fellow, Public Health Foundation of India Epidemiologist Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kashmir, India

Dr.Bhumika Talwar, BDS Research Officer State Institute of Health & Family Welfare Jaipur, India

Dr. Tej Pratap Mall Ph.D Head, Postgraduate Department of Botany, Kisan P.G. College, Bahraich, India.

Dr. Arup Kanti Konar, Ph.D Associate Professor of Economics Achhruram, Memorial College, SKB University, Jhalda,Purulia, West Bengal. India

Dr. S.Raja Ph.D Research Associate, Madras Research Center of CMFR , Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Chennai, India

Dr. Vijay Pithadia, Ph.D, Director - Sri Aurobindo Institute of Management Rajkot, India.

Er. R. Bhuvanewari Devi M. Tech, MCIHT Highway Engineer, Infrastructure, Ramboll, Abu Dhabi, UAE Sanda Maican, Ph.D. Senior Researcher, Department of Ecology, Taxonomy and Nature Conservation Institute of Biology of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania Dr. Reynalda B. Garcia Professor, Graduate School & College of Education, Arts and Sciences Lyceum of the Philippines University Philippines Dr.Damarla Bala Venkata Ramana Senior Scientist Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA) Hyderabad, A.P, India PROF. Dr.S.V.Kshirsagar, M.B.B.S,M.S Head - Department of Anatomy, Bidar Institute of Medical Sciences, Karnataka, India. Dr Asifa Nazir, M.B.B.S, MD, Assistant Professor, Dept of Microbiology Government Medical College, Srinagar, India. Dr.AmitaPuri, Ph.D Officiating Principal Army Inst. Of Education New Delhi, India Dr. Shobana Nelasco Ph.D Associate Professor, Fellow of Indian Council of Social Science Research (On Deputation}, Department of Economics, Bharathidasan University, Trichirappalli. India M. Suresh Kumar, PHD Assistant Manager, Godrej Security Solution, India. Dr.T.Chandrasekarayya,Ph.D Assistant Professor, Dept Of Population Studies & Social Work, S.V.University, Tirupati, India.

JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC RESEARCH FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY Impact Factor 1.393, ISSN: 2320-5083, Volume 1, Issue 11, December 2013

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FEASIBILITY STUDY ON READY MIXED CONCRETE USING FREQUENCY ANALYSIS THROUGH SPSS SOFTWAREIN CHAROTAR REGIONOF CENTRAL GUJARAT

CHIRAG R. PARMAR*

RAJESH P. PRAJAPATI** RUSHI J. BHANUJAN*** DIPAL J. SUTHAR****

JAYDEV J. BHAVSAR*****

*Final Year B. E. Civil Engg., B.V.M. Engg. College, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India

** Final Year B. E. Civil Engg., B.V.M. Engg. College, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India *** Final Year B. E. Civil Engg., B.V.M. Engg. College, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India

**** Final Year B. E. Civil Engg., B.V.M. Engg. College, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India *****Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil Engg., B.V.M. Engg. College, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India

ABSTRACT

Ready Mixed Concrete, by far the most common form of concrete, accounts for

nearly three-fourths of all concrete. Ready mixed refers to concrete that is batched for

delivery from a central plant instead of being mixed on the job site. Ready Mixed Concrete is

also ideal for large infrastructure projects where space is limited and there is little room for a

mixing plant and aggregate stockpiles. Ready Mixed Concrete, or RMC as it is popularly

called, refers to concrete that is specifically manufactured for delivery to the customer's

construction site in a freshly mixed and plastic or unhardened state. Concrete itself is a

mixture of Portland cement, water and aggregates comprising sand and gravel or crushed

stone. In traditional work sites, each of these materials is procured separately and mixed in

specified proportions at site to make concrete. Ready Mixed Concrete is bought and sold by

volume - usually expressed in cubic meters. During this research work various factors

interrelated to Ready Mixed Concrete are being identified and converted into questionnaire to

carry out surveys. Software like Microsoft Excel and SPSS Statistics (Statistical Package for

the Social Sciences) are adopted to evaluate the responses collected from the people by

frequency distribution analysis.

KEYWORDS: Ready Mixed Concrete, Delivery, Central Plant, Infrastructure Projects,

Construction Site, Factors

INTRODUCTION

Ready-Mixed Concrete (IS: 4926-2003) as “Concrete mixed in a stationary mixer in a

central batching and mixing plant or in a truck mixer and supplied in the fresh condition to

the purchaser either at the site or into the purchaser’s vehicles.”


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Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC) is a specialized material in which cement, aggregate, and

other ingredients are weigh batched at a plant in a central or truck mixer before delivery to

the construction site in a condition ready for placing by the customer. RMC is manufactured

at a place away from the construction site, the two locations being linked by a transport operation.

The short 'life' of fresh concrete, with only 2-3 hours before it must be placed, results in

Ready Mixed Concrete being a very much local delivery service, with rarely more than 30-60

minutes journey to the construction site. The need for supply of Ready Mixed Concrete to fit

in with the customer's construction program means that RMC has to be both a product and a

delivery service. This means that the ready mixed supplier is in two separate business -

firstly, processing materials and secondly, transporting product with a very short life.

When researchers refer to the customer, researchers are speaking in effect of two customers.

As far as the product is concerned, concrete must satisfy not only the person who is using it,

i.e., the builder or contractor, but also the authority responsible for defining the properties.

However, the ready mix supplier has only one contract and that is with the builder or

contractor and relies on the latter to define exactly the requirements of die specifying

authority (Engineer).

The basic product in Ready Mixed concrete is fresh concrete, which is placed on site by the

customer. It is distinct from hardened, precast concrete units. The introduction of Ready

Mixed Concrete has gradually replaced the operation in which the contractor made his own

concrete on site. When Ready Mixed Concrete was first introduced, engineers and contractors

with considerable expertise in concrete production and quality control were suspicious of the

quality of this new product, whose manufacture was no longer under their control. Ready

Mixed Concrete suppliers need to have stringent quality control for their product and its

delivery, so that customer's apprehensions regarding the quality of concrete supplied by them

are taken care. It will take a while before the customer places his confidence and trust in the

product and services offered by the supplier.


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Fig. 1: Modern Ready Mixed Concrete Plant (Source: JAGAJI Construction Janta Circle, Opp. Elecon Company, Vallabh Vidyanagar –

Anand –Gujarat) LITERATURE REVIEW

Ready Mixed Concrete was first patented in Germany in 1903, but means of

transporting was not sufficiently developed by then to enable the concept to be utilized

commercially. The first commercial delivery of Ready Mixed Concrete was made in

Baltimore, USA in 1913 and the first revolving-drum-type transit mixer, of a much smaller

capacity than those available today, was born in 1926. In 1920s and 1930s, Ready Mixed

Concrete was introduced in some European countries.

In 1931, a Ready Mix Concrete plant set up at Heathrow airport, London, had 1.52m capacity

central mixer, supplying six 1.33m3 capacity agitators with an output of 30.58 m3/h.

Aggregates were stored in four compartments, each of 76.45 m3 capacity. Cement was

handled manually in bags. Till the beginning of World War II, there were only six firms

producing Ready Mixed Concrete in UK. After the War, there was a boost to the Ready

Mixed Concrete Industry in whole of Europe. In mid 1990s, there were as many as 1100

RMC plants in the UK, consuming about 45% of cement produced in the country.

European Ready Mixed Concrete Organization (EMRO) was formed in Europe in 1967. In

1997, some 5850 companies having a large turnover were represented by it. Cement

consumption in RMC plants ranged from 33% to 62% of total cement sales.

In USA, till 1933, only 5% of cement produced was utilized through RMC. ASTM published

first specification for Ready Mixed Concrete in 1934. The RMC industry in USA progressed

steadily. During 1950-4975, RMC Industry consumption of total OPC in the USA increased


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form (l/3) rd to (2/3) rd and by 1990 to 72.4%. There were 5000 RMC companies in that

country by 1978.

In Japan, the first RMC plant was set up in 1949. Initially, dump trucks were used to haul

concrete of low consistency for road construction. In early 1950s mixing type trucks were

introduced. Since then there has been a phenomenal growth of the Industry in that country.

By the end of 1970s there were 4462 RMC plants in Japan. By 1992 Japan was the largest

producer of RMC, producing 181.96 million tons of concrete. In many countries, including

some developing countries such as Taiwan, Malaysia, Indonesia, as well as certain countries

in the Gulf region, RMC industry is well developed today.

Ready Mixed Concrete plants arrived in India in early 1950s, but their use was restricted to

only major construction projects such as dams. Later RMC was also used for other projects

such as construction of Long-span Bridges, Industrial Complexes, etc. These were, however,

captive plants which formed an integral part of the construction projects. It was during 1970s

when the Indian Construction Industry spread its tentacles overseas, particularly in the Gulf

region, that an awareness of Ready Mixed Concrete was created among Indian engineers,

contractors, and builders. Indian contractors in their works abroad started using RMC plants

of 15 to 60 m3/h, and some of these plants were brought to India in 1980s. Currently there are

many Ready Mix plants operating in different parts of India, especially in metropolitan cities

and towns.

ABOUT FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

The next step after the completion of data collection is to organize the data into a meaningful

form so that a trend, if any, emerging out of the data can be seen easily. One of the common

methods for organizing data is to construct frequency distribution. Frequency distribution is

an organized tabulation/graphical representation of the number of individuals in each

category on the scale of measurement. It allows the researcher to have a glance at the entire

data conveniently. It shows whether the observations are high or low and also whether they

are concentrated in one area or spread out across the entire scale. Thus, frequency distribution

presents a picture of how the individual observations are distributed in the measurement scale.

A Frequency Distribution is a table that divides a set of data into a suitable number of classes,

showing also the number of items belonging to each class. Such a table sacrifices some of the

information contained in the data. Properties of frequency distribution relating to their shape

are best exhibited through the use of graph.


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DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Ready Mixed Concrete questionnaires are designed with the suitable criteria with the expert

advice. Then this survey questionnaire was supplied to Ready Mixed Concrete plant manager,

Contractor, Consultant for getting opinion for this research work. Collected research data are

analyzed with the Frequency Distribution Method.

Frequency Distribution Pie Charts are mentioned below where research data analysis is based

on respondents’ opinion.

PART 1 “a] Material and Equipment cost; b] Staff and their Salary; c] Labours and their

wages; d] Ready Mixed Concrete Plant with capital Investment and Production;

e] various concrete grade cost” - Data analysis and interpretation regarding

RMC Plant Manager point of view:

1. As per Fig.2, Respondents’ maximum and minimum level of opinions towards cost of

Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC-per Ton) are 63.33% (Rs. 4000-4499) at opinion no.

4 which frequency is 19 (highest) and 6.67% (≤ Rs.1999 and Rs.2500-3999) at

opinion no. 1 and 3 which frequency is 2 (lowest) respectively.


Sand (per Ton) are 53.33% (Rs.600-649/ton) at opinion no. 3 which frequency is 16

(highest) and 3.33% (Rs.700/ton) at opinion no. 5 which frequency is 1 (lowest)

respectively.


Aggregate (10 mm) per Ton are 56.67% (Rs.600-649/ton) at opinion no. 3 which

frequency is 17 (highest) and 6.67% (≥ Rs.700/ton) at opinion no. 5 which frequency

is 2 (lowest) respectively.


Aggregate (20 mm) per Ton are 53.33% (Rs.600-799/ton) at opinion no. 3 which

frequency is 16 (highest) and 6.67% (Rs.800-899/ton) at opinion no. 4 which

frequency is 2 (lowest) respectively.


Fly ash per Ton are 60.00% (Rs.500-599/ton) at opinion no. 2 which frequency is 18

(highest) and 6.67% (Rs.800-899/ton) at opinion no. 4 which frequency is 2 (lowest)

respectively.


Superplastizer (per lit.) are 56.67% (Rs.150-199/lit.) at opinion no. 4 which frequency


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is 17 (highest) and 6.67% (≥ Rs. 200/lit.) at opinion no. 5 which frequency is 2

(lowest) respectively.

7. As per Fig.8, Respondents’ maximum and minimum level of opinions towards No. of

Technical staff of RMC Plant are 60.00% (≤ 3 persons) at opinion no. 1 which

frequency is 18 (highest) and 3.33% (10-12 persons) at opinion no. 4 which frequency


8. As per Fig.9, Respondents’ maximum and minimum level of opinions towards Salary

of One Technical Person (per month) working at RMC plant are 63.33% (Rs.8,000-

10,999) at opinion no. 4 which frequency is 19 (highest) and 3.33% (≥ Rs.11,000) at

opinion no. 5 which frequency is 1 (lowest) respectively.

9. As per Fig.10, Respondents’ maximum and minimum level of opinions towards No.

of Labours required for RMC plant are 53.33% (≤ 5 labours) at opinion no. 1 which

frequency is 16 (highest) and 6.67% (≥ 21 labours) at opinion no. 5 which frequency


10. As per Fig. 11, Respondents’ maximum and minimum level of opinions towards

Wages of One Labour (per day) of RMC plant are 46.67% (Rs.600-699) at opinion

no. 4 which frequency is 14 (highest) and 6.67% (≤ Rs.399) at opinion no. 1 which


11. As per Fig. 12, Respondents’ maximum and minimum level of opinions towards Size

of transit mixer used for RMC delivery to customer’s construction site are 60.00% (8

m3) at opinion no. 4 which frequency is 18 (highest) and 6.67% (9 m3) at opinion no.

5 which frequency is 2 (lowest) respectively.


Maximum distance required for RMC delivery to customer’s construction site are

73.33% (50 km) at opinion no. 4 which frequency is 22 (highest) and 3.33% (40 km)

at opinion no. 3 which frequency is 1 (lowest) respectively.


Owning cost of RMC transit mixture are 70.00% (Rs.30-39 lacks) at opinion no. 3

which frequency is 21 (highest) and 6.67% (≤ Rs.19 lacks, Rs.40-49 lacks, ≥ Rs.49

lacks) at opinion no. 1, 4 and 5 which frequency is 2 (lowest) respectively.


Operating cost of RMC transit mixture (capacity 8 cum.) per 25 km are 63.33%


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(Rs.1500-2499) at opinion no. 2 which frequency is 19 (highest) and 6.67% (Rs.3500-

4499, ≥ Rs.4500) at opinion no. 4, 5 which frequency is 2 (lowest) respectively.

15. As per Fig. 16, Respondents’ maximum and minimum level of opinions towards Cost

of pump used for placing of RMC are 50.00% (Rs.20-29 lacks) at opinion no. 3 which

frequency is 15 (highest) and 6.67% (Rs.30-39 lacks) at opinion no. 4 which



approx. production of RMC per day are 63.33% (100-149 m3/day) at opinion no. 3

which frequency is 19 (highest) and 3.33% (≥ 300 m3/day) at opinion no. 5 which



Capital investment of RMC plant are 63.33% (Rs. 70-99lacks) at opinion no. 4 which

frequency is 19 (highest) and 3.33% (≤ Rs. 49lacks) at opinion no. 1 which frequency



of M 10 grade RMC per cum. are 73.33% (Rs.2500-3499/m3) at opinion no. 3 which

frequency is 22 (highest) and 3.33% (≤ Rs.1499/m3 and Rs.1500-2499/m3) at opinion

no. 1 and 2 which frequency is 1 (lowest) respectively.

19. As per Fig.20, Respondents’ maximum and minimum level of opinions towards Cost


frequency is 15 (highest) and 6.67% (≥ Rs.4500/m3) at opinion no. 5 which frequency




frequency is 22 (highest) and 3.33% (≥ Rs.4500/m3) at opinion no. 5 which frequency




frequency is 19 (highest) and 6.67% (Rs.3500-4499/m3) at opinion no. 3 which





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frequency is 23 (highest) and 3.33% (Rs.3500-4499/m3and ≥ Rs.5500/m3) at opinion


Fig. 2: Cost of OPC per Ton

Fig.3: Cost of Sand (per Ton)

Fig.4: Cost of Aggregate (10 mm) per Ton

Fig.5: Cost of Aggregate (20 mm) per Ton

Fig.6: Cost of Fly ash (per Ton)

Fig.7: Cost of Superticizer (per lit.)


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Fig. 8: No. of Technical staff of RMC Plant

Fig.9: Salary of One Technical Person (per month)

working at RMC plant

Fig. 10: Labours required for

RMC plant

Fig. 11: Wages of One Labour (per day) of RMC

plant

Fig 12: Size of transit mixer used for RMC delivery to customer’s

construction site

Fig 13: Max. distance required for RMC delivery to

customer’s construction site


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Fig. 14: Owning cost of RMC

Transit mixture

Fig. 15: Operating cost of RMC Transit mixture

(capacity 8 cum.) per 25 km

Fig. 16: Cost of pump used for placing of RMC

Fig. 17: Approx. production of RMC per day

Fig. 18: Capital investment of RMC plant

Fig. 19: Cost of M 10 grade RMC per cum.


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Fig. 20: Cost of M 15 grade RMC

per cum.




PART 2 “a] Delivery; b] Quality; c] Quantity; d] Testing; e] Supervision; f] Placement of

RMC; g] Application and Availability of RMC”:Data analysis and

interpretation regarding Contractor and Consultant point of view

1. As per Fig. 24, Respondents’ maximum and minimum level of opinions towards Get

RMC Delivery in proper time are 63.33% (Yes) at opinion no. 1 which frequency is

19 (highest) and 6.67% (May be) at opinion no. 4 which frequency is 2 (lowest)

respectively.


RMC in better Quality are 80.00% (Yes) at opinion no. 1 which frequency is 24

(highest) and 3.33% (Sometimes and May be) at opinion no. 3 and 4 which frequency



RMC in required Quantity are 73.33% (Yes) at opinion no. 1 which frequency is 22


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(highest) and 3.33% (No and Sometimes) at opinion no. 2 and 3 which frequency is 1

(lowest) respectively.


Testing of RMC are 66.67% (Yes) at opinion no. 1 which frequency is 20 (highest)

and 3.33% (May be) at opinion no. 4 which frequency is 1 (lowest) respectively.


Supervision necessary at the time of placing of RMC are 63.33% (Yes) at opinion no.

1 which frequency is 19 (highest) and 3.33% (Sometimes) at opinion no. 3 which



Problem while placing RMC in the Formwork are 56.67% (No) at opinion no. 2

which frequency is 17 (highest) and 3.33% (Sometimes) at opinion no. 3 which


7. As per Fig.30, Respondents’ maximum and minimum level of opinions towards Any

type of action preferred when RMC hardened before Placing are 50.00% (Yes) at

opinion no. 1 which frequency is 15 (highest) and 6.67% (May be) at opinion no. 4

which frequency is 2 (lowest) respectively.

8. As per Fig.31, Respondents’ maximum and minimum level of opinions towards

Possible to use RMC for small projects are 53.33% (Yes) at opinion no. 1 which

frequency is 16 (highest) and 3.33% (Sometimes) at opinion no. 3 which frequency is

1 (lowest) respectively.

9. As per Fig.32, Respondents’ maximum and minimum level of opinions towards

Possible to use RMC in under water construction work are 70.00% (Yes) at opinion

no. 1 which frequency is 21 (highest) and 3.33% (May be) at opinion no. 4 which


10. As per Fig.33, Respondents’ maximum and minimum level of opinions towards Type

of response get from RMC plant Manager 73.33% (Honest and Positive) at opinion

no. 1 which frequency is 22 (highest) and 3.33% (Egosim and Very bed) at opinion



Uniform size of aggregate used in RMC are 60.00% (No) at opinion no. 2 which

frequency is 18 (highest) and 6.67% (Sometimes and don’t know) at opinion no. 3 and

5 which frequency is 2 (lowest) respectively.


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Wastage produced of RMC at the time of placing are 66.67% (No) at opinion no. 2

which frequency is 20 (highest) and 6.67% (Sometimes and Manytimes) at opinion



Change in quality of RMC when mixing admixture are 70.00% (No) at opinion no. 2

which frequency is 21 (highest) and 3.33% (Sometimes) at opinion no. 3 which



Availability of RMC in Charotar region are 80.00% (Yes) at opinion no. 1 which

frequency is 24 (highest) and 3.33% (No and don’t know) at opinion no. 2 and 5

which frequency is 1 (lowest) respectively.

Fig.24: Get RMC Delivery in proper time

Fig. 25: Get RMC in better Quality

Fig.26: Get RMC in required Quantity

Fig.27: Testing of RMC


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Fig.28: Supervision necessary at the time of placing of RMC

Fig.29: Problem while placing RMC in the Formwork

Fig.30: Any type of action preferred when RMC hardened before Placing

Fig.31: Possible to use RMC for small projects

Fig.32: Possible to use RMC in under

water construction work

Fig. 33: Type of response get from RMC plant Manager


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Fig.34: Uniform size of aggregate used in RMC

Fig.35: Wastage produced of RMC at the time of placing

Fig.36: Change in quality of RMC when mixing admixture

Fig.37: Availability of RMC in Charotar region

CONCLUSIONS

Following conclusions are drawn of Ready Mixed Concrete by Frequency Distribution

Method:

Ordinary Portland Cement cost (OPC-per Ton) is between Rs. 4000-4499/ton that is

between medium to highest price compare to lowest prices, cost of Sand (per Ton)

and Aggregate 10 mm (per Ton) is between Rs.600-649/ton that is the medium price,

cost of Aggregate 20 mm (per Ton) is between Rs.600-799/ton that is the medium

price, cost of Fly ash (per Ton) is between Rs.500-599/ton that is between lowest to

medium price compare to highest prices and cost of Superplastizer (per lit.) is

between Rs.150-199/lit that is between medium to highest price compare to lowest

prices from RMC plant manager point of view.


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There are minimum 3 technical persons and minimum 5 Labours required for Ready

Mixed Concrete (RMC) plant and salary of technical person is between Rs. 8,000 -

10,999/person and wages of labour is between Rs.600-699/labour from RMC plant

manager point of view.

Size of transit mixer used for RMC delivery to customer’s construction site is 8 m3,

maximum distance required for RMC delivery to customer’s construction site is 50

km, owning cost of RMC transit mixture is between Rs.30-39 lacks, operating cost of

RMC transit mixture (capacity 8 cum.) per 25 km is between Rs.1500-2499 from

RMC plant manager point of view.

Cost of pump used for placing of RMC is between Rs.20-29 lacks, approx. production

of Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC) is between 100-149 m3/day, Capital investment of

Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC) plant is between Rs. 70-99lacks from RMC plant


Ready Mixed Concrete cost is changed from grade to grade therefore cost of M 10

grade is between Rs.2500-3499/m3, cost of M 15 grade is between Rs.3500-4499/m3,

cost of M 20 is between Rs.3500-4499/m3, cost of M 25 grade is between Rs.4500-

5499/m3, and cost of M 30 grade is between Rs.4500-5499/m3 from RMC plant


Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC) is almost delivered in proper time, in proper quality, in

proper quantity, Laboratory Testing of Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC) is done

regularly, Supervision is necessary at the time of placing of RMC, there is no

problems become while placing RMC in the Formwork from consultants and

contractors point of view.

There is preferred any type of action when Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC) hardened

before Placing and there is possible to use RMC for small projects as well as under

water construction works from consultants and contractors point of view.

There is getting honest and positive response from RMC plant Manager, uniform size

of aggregates are used in RMC, there is no wastage produced of RMC at the time of

placing, there is change in quality of RMC at the time of mixing admixture, there is

easily availability of RMC in Charotar region of Gujarat from consultants and

contractors point of view.

So, Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC) utilization is more beneficial compare to

Convention Site Mixed Concrete in Charotar region of Central Gujarat.


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REFERENCES

1. A.R.Santhkumar, “Concrete Technology”, Oxford higher education. 2. Ashish H. Makwana, Prof. Jayeshkumar Pitroda, “A Study on Region wise Price Variation of

Construction Raw Materials using Frequency Analysis through SPSS Software”, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), Impact Factor 0.537, ISSN: 2231-5381, Volume 4, Issue 7, July 2013, Pg. 3233 – 3242.

3. Bharat G. Bhudiya, Sanjay S. Narola, Ashish H. Makwana, Jayeshkumar Pitroda, “Assessment on Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Blocks using Frequency Analysis through SPSS software in Charotar Region of Central Gujarat”, Journal of International Academic Research for Multidisciplinary (JIARM), Impact Factor 1.393, ISSN: 2320-5083, Volume 1, Issue 10, November 2013, Pg. 367 – 386.

4. Concrete Basics,http://www.cement.org/basics/concreteproducts_readymix.asp 5. Darsh Belani, Ashish H. Makwana, Jayeshkumar Pitroda, “A study of evaluation Criterias for

Renewable Energy Resources using Frequency Analysis through SPSS software”, Journal of International Academic Research for Multidisciplinary (JIARM), Impact Factor 1.393, ISSN: 2320-5083, Volume 1, Issue 10, November 2013, Pg. 350 – 366.

6. Dhrumil S. Chokshi, Ashish H. Makwana,Jayeshkumar Pitroda, “A Preliminary Study on Importances of Fly-ash Bricks and Clay Bricks in Construction Industry through SPSS software”, International Journal of Civil, Structural, Environmental and Infrastructure Engineering Research and Development (IJCSEIERD), Impact Factor 5.4829, ISSN(P): 2249-6866; ISSN(E): 2249-7978, Vol. 3, Issue 5, December 2013, 125-132, © TJPRC Pvt. Ltd. 5.

7. Hitesh D. Bambhava, Prof. Jayeshkumar Pitroda, Prof. Jaydev J. Bhavsar, “A Comparative Study On Bamboo Scaffolding And Metal Scaffolding In Construction Industry Using Statistical Methods”, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), Impact Factor 0.537, ISSN: 2231-5381, Volume 4, Issue 6, June 2013, Pg. 2330 – 2337.

8. IS 4926 - 2003, Indian Standard, Ready mixed concrete – Code of Practice (Second Revision), BIS, New Delhi.

9. M.S. Shetty, “Concrete Technology”, Theory and Practice, S.Chand- New Delhi. 10. Cement & Ready-mix concrete, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ready-mix_concrete 11. P. Ganesh Prabhu, D. Ambika, “Study on Behaviour of Workers in Construction Industry to

Improve Production Efficiency”, International Journal of Civil, Structural, Environmental and Infrastructure Engineering Research and Development (IJCSEIERD), Impact Factor 5.4829, ISSN 2249-6866 Vol. 3, Issue 1, Mar 2013, 59-66, © TJPRC Pvt. Ltd. 5.

12. Richard A Johnson, “Miller & Freund’s Probability and Statistics for Engineers”, Seventh Edition, Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi-110 001, 2005.

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