Isothiocynate glycosides
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Transcript of Isothiocynate glycosides
Isothiocyanate glycosides
These glycosides upon hydrolysis, yield Mustard oil.
Plants containing these glycosides posses non-specific resistance against infection .
These agents posses following properties;
Vesicant
Rubefacient
Black Mustard
Botanical origin:Brassica nigra
Brassica juncea
Family:Brassicaceae
Part used:Dried seeds
Chemistry:Seeds contain active principle Sinigrin (potassium myrinate)
Upon hydrolysis, it produces;Mustard oil (allyl Isothiocyanate)
In addition to this, it contains;Fixed oilsProteinMucilages
Uses: Stimulant
Emetic
Diuretic
Condiment
Vesicant
Rubefacient
Lactone Glycosides
Cantharide Zoological origin:
Cantharis vesicatoria
Part used:Dried insects
Collection:Insects are collected during month of June an July in early morning when these are sluggish and inactive. Insects are killed by exposing them to fumes of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon disulfide or acetic acid. Insects are dried in an oven at temperature not exceeding 40°C and packed in air tight container with few drops of chloroform or carbon tetra chloride.
Chemistry:Active principle is Cantharidin.
In addition to this, it contains;Formic acidAcetic acidFatFixed oilUric acid
Uses: Counter irritant
Vesicant
Rubefacient
Aldehyde glycosides
VanillaBotanical origin:
Vanilla planifolia
Family:Orchidaceae
Part used:Vanilla beans
Collection:Fruit is collected when it is ripen to a yellow color. It is cured by dipping in warm water. Fruit is sun dried by placing it between woolen blankets in the sun during day and packing them in woolen blankets during night. After 2 months, 70-80% of original weight of fruit is lost and it takes a characteristic odor and color of vanilla i.e.
Color ….. Violet blackOdor …... Aromatic
Chemistry:Before curing, vanilla contains 2 glycosides;
GlucovanillinGlucovanillic acid
After curing, active principle is obtained i.e. Vanillin
Uses:Flavoring agent
Miscellaneous glycosides
GentianBotanical origin:
Gentiana lutea
Family:Gentianaceae
Part used:Dried rhizome and root
Collection:Rhizome and roots are collected from 4-5yeas old plant in autumn and for drying, two methods are used;
Quick drying processSlow drying process
Quick drying process
Drying is done immediately after collection, in sunlight. This drug contains bitter principle Gentiopicrin.
Slow drying process
Drying is done in open air. It takes 4-6 months for drug to dry completely. In this process, drug is allowed to ferment and loss most of its bitter principle and acquire aromatic quality that is desirable.
Chemistry:Active principle is Gentiopicrin.
After hydrolysis, it produces;GentiogeninGlucose
Uses:Flavoring agent
QuassiaBotanical origin:
Picrasma excelsa
Part used:Dried stem wood
Collection:Drug occurs as cubes or chips. It is dried in an oven at temperature not more than 40°C. The drug is dried to protect from fermentation.
Chemistry:Active principle is Quassin.
Quassin is complex of;PicrasminNeoquassin
Uses:Bitter tonic
Insecticide
Anthelmintic
DioscoreaBotanical origin:
Dioscorea bulbiferaDioscorea composita
Family:Dioscoreaceae
Part used:Dried rhizome and root
Collection:Rhizome and roots are collected from 3-5years old plant in autumn.
Chemistry:Active principle is Dioscin.
Upon hydrolysis, it produces;DiosgeninSugars ( 1 molecule of D-glucose + 2 molecules of L-rhamnose)
Uses:Synthesis of cortisone and steroidal drugs