Iso 14000

1 April 2003 Marine Sports +/ISO14000.ppt

ISO 14000Environmental protection

Polluter pays

MST324 lecture 6


Management Systems

• BS5750/ISO9000quality

• BS7750/ISO14000environment

• BS8800 occupational health and safety

• BS8888 technical product documentation


ISO 14000

• the model for an environmental management system

• several guideline standards

• one compliance standard -- ISO 14001 Environmental Management Systems

• a process similar toISO 9000 registration


ISO 14000• ISO 14000 series is modeled after the

BS 7750 Environmental Management Systems

originally published in 1992 and updated in 1994

• from Uruguay GATT negotiations and Rio Environment Summit in 1992

• BS 7750 pilot implementation program involved nearly 500 participants


ISO 14000

• An organization may elect to comply with ISO 14001 as a:

model for an Environmental Management System

format to audit the Environmental Management System against

method of demonstrating the Environmental Management System compliance

process for third party and/or customer recognition

public declaration of their Environmental Management System


ISO 14000Benefits of implementing ISO 14001 may

include: enhanced compliance to legislation facilitated financial and real estate transactions, where

environmental performance is a factor reduced costs associated with consumer audits ability to bid for contracts (protection or increase of

market share) market forces (a real or perceived 'greening' of the

marketplace) economic return from increased efficiency of resource

use; and increased ability to adapt to changing circumstances.


ISO 14000

Registration to ISO 14001 should be considered if it:

is a customer or industry requirement;

complements market strategy; or

is perceived as a valuable motivational factor.


ISO 14000 Registration generally requires twelve to

eighteen months of effort depending on the complexity of the organization and the existing systems.

It will take at least the same time to develop and implement an Environmental Management System which compiles with ISO 14001 requirements.


ISO 14000ISO 14001 Environmental Management System Elements:

1 Environmental policy2 Planning

2.1 Environmental aspects2.2 Legal and other requirements2.3 Objectives and targets2.4 Environmental management program(s)

3 Implementation and operation3.1 Structure and responsibility3.2 Training, awareness and competence3.3 Communication3.4 Environmental management system documentation3.5 Document control3.6 Operational control3.7 Emergency preparedness and response

4 Checking and corrective action4.1 Monitoring and measurement4.2 Non-conformance and corrective and preventive action4.3 Records4.4 Environmental management system audit

5 Management review


ISO 14000

Standard Title / Description14000 Guide to Environmental Management Principles,

Systems and Supporting Techniques 14001 Environmental Management Systems

- Specification with Guidance for Use 14010 Guidelines for Environmental Auditing

- General Principles of Environmental Auditing 14011 Guidelines for Environmental Auditing

- Audit Procedures 1: Environmental Management Systems 14012 Guidelines for Environmental Auditing

- Qualification Criteria for Environmental Auditors 14013/15 Guidelines for Environmental Auditing

- Audit Programmes, Reviews & Assessments 14020/23 Environmental Labeling 14024 Environmental Labeling - Practitioner Programs -

Guiding Principles, Practices and Certification Procedures of Multiple Criteria Programs

14031/32 Guidelines on Environmental Performance Evaluation 14040/43 Life Cycle Assessment General Principles and Practices 14050 Glossary 14060 Guide for the Inclusion of Environmental Aspects in Product Standards


ISO 14000Sally Lee, Environmental Purchasing Strategy Specialist at

Ford Motor Company recently interviewed by the

Environmental Management Report stated:

“that they are generally pleased with the response

to date and do not plan to extend the deadline”.

The deadline she refers to is December 31, 2001 when Ford’s Tier I suppliers must certify at least one of their manufacturing facilities to the ISO 14001 Standard and all manufacturing sites shipping products to Ford by July 1, 2003


ISO 14000

• IBM strongly encouraging it suppliers to register to ISO140001

• General Motors has announced that it will require all of its suppliers to be certified to the ISO 14001 Standard by December 31, 2002.


Some URLs for ISO 14000

• http://www.iso.ch/iso/en/iso9000-14000/pdf/iso14000.pdf• http://www.bsi-global.com/Import+Export+Advice/Useful+Publications/Management/ISO14000.xalter

• http://www.iso14000.org/ .....(free software download)

• http://www.iso14000.com/• http://www.mgmt14k.com/ems.htm• http://www.trst.com/iso3.htm#Mini Cases• http://www.ecologia.org/iso14000/standard/factsheet.html

• http://www.quality.co.uk/iso14000.htm• http://www.iisd.org/greenstand/default.htm


Environmental Protection Act

• Environmental Protection Act 1990 http://www.hmso.gov.uk/acts/acts1990/Ukpga_19900043_en_1.htm

• National Environmental Policy Act 1969 http://www.epa.gov/epahome/laws.htm

• Canadian Environmental Protection Act 1999 http://lois.justice.gc.ca/en/C-15.31/


Environmental Protection Act• I: Integrated Pollution Control and

Air Pollution Control by Local Authorities

• II: Waste on Land

• III: Statutory Nuisances and Clean Air

• IV: Litter, etc.

• V: Radioactive Substances

• VI: Genetically Modified Organisms

• VII: Nature Conservation and Countryside Matters

• VIII: Miscellaneous

• IX: General


Polluter Pays principle• Core of the "Polluter Pays" principle is that

the polluter should pay for any environmental damage created

the burden of proof in demonstrating that a particular technology, practice or product is safe should lie with the developer, not the general public.

• Unfortunately, when and how much the polluter should pay is often unclear.


Polluter Pays principle• One way to adequately implement the polluter

pays principle in the real world makes use of what are known as assurance bonds. money put up by the "polluter" to insure against a worst case environmental impact

the bond recovered only if after sufficient time it is demonstrated that the technology, process or product in question had been deemed to be safe as was reasonably acceptable.

Alternatively, if damage occurred, the bond would be used for environmental restoration, and to pay damages to anyone who had been harmed.

Bond accrues interest: the "polluter" receives an incentive to ensure that best environmental practice is followed, and to demonstrate that the technology, process or product is as safe as is practicably possible, without involving excessive cost.


URLs for Polluter Pays principle

• http://europa.eu.int/comm/regional_policy/sources/docoffic/working/doc/ppp_en.pdf

• http://www.doc.mmu.ac.uk/aric/esd/Principles/Polluter_Pays.html• http://www.who.int/environmental_information/Information_resources/documents/Healthteachersg/ch2.pdf

• http://www.greenpeace.org/politics/RIOplus10/ppp3.PDF

• http://www.unesco.org/mab/capacity/ucep/brief1.pdf

• http://sedac.ciesin.org/pidb/texts/oecd/OECD-4.09.html


Precautionary Principle

Poul Harremoës, David Gee, Malcolm MacGarvin, Andy Stirling, Jane Keys, Brian Wynne and Sofia Guedes Vaz

The Precautionary Principle in the 20th Century: Late Lessons from Early Warnings

Earthscan Publications, London, 2002. ISBN 1 85383 893 4. Library 333.714PRE


Precautionary Principle

• Harremoës et al book ...• fisheries radiation

• benzene asbestos• PCBs halocarbons• diethylstilboestrol growth promoters

(2)• sulphur dioxide lead in petrol• Great Lakes chemicals TBT antifoulants• mad cow disease


Precautionary PrincipleTri Butyl Tin anti-foulants• C4 BC Aristotle notes small fish (barnacles)

slow down ship• 1824 Sir Humphrey Davy: anti-fouling

action of copper sheathing onwooden ships related to rate of Cu solution

• 1863 Tarr & Wonson, US patent 40 515Cu20 as anti-fouling toxin (AFT)

• 1943 Tisdale, Brit patenet 578 312organotin compounds as AFT


Precautionary PrincipleTri Butyl Tin anti-foulants• 1960s introduction of commercial TBT AFT • 1970s rapid take-up of TBT

by shipping and small boats• 1970 Blaber (Plymouth Sound):

appearance of penis in female dogwhelks (Nucella lapillus)

1971 Smith (US East Coast): “imposex” inmud-snails (Nassarius obsoletus).. development of male sexualstructures in females


Precautionary PrincipleTri Butyl Tin anti-foulants• 1975 New Scientist v35 p316

hull drag due to fouling estimatedto consume 25% of US Navy fuel

• early 1980s: TBT responsible for imposex in oyster drill (Oceanebra erinacea)

in Arcachon Bay (French Atlantic)Oyster production falls by 80% frommid 1970s to 1981 (15K -> 3K tonnes)due to reproductive failure and shell deformation


Precautionary PrincipleTri Butyl Tin anti-foulants• 1982 France legislates to

prohibit TBT AFT on vessels <25m• 1985 UK controls on sale of TBT AFT

for use on small vessels• Jan ‘87 reduction of UK TBT levels• May ‘87 total UK ban on retail sales of

TBT AFT on vessels <25m• 1988 Prohibition in US• 1989 Prohibition in Canada - NZ - Oz


Precautionary PrincipleTri Butyl Tin anti-foulants• 1991 harmonisation of EU TBT controls• 1994 MEPC “no further controls were necessary”

• 1995 4th Conf Protection of the North Seaagreed concerted action for worldwidephase-out of TBT on all ships

• 1998 MEPC draft mandatory regulations• 2003 phase out of application of TBT• 2008 phase-out of the presence of TBT

on ALL ship hulls

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