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PROJECT REPORT

ON

INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR MANAGERSROLE OF IT IN STREAMLINING GOVERNMENT

OPERATIONS

SUBMITTED TO:

Dr. Gita Kumta

SUBMITTED BY:

Group 1, Div E

Rohit Arora (410)

Rasagya Bagga (411)

Swapnil Gugnani (418)

Amit Khandelwal (427)

Abhay Mishra (433)

Neha Chaudhary (459)


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Role of IT in Streamlining Government Operation NMIMS Mumbai

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Acknowledgement

Apart from the Team effort, the success of any project depends largely on the encouragement

and guidance of many others. We take this opportunity to express our gratitude to the people

who have been instrumental in the successful completion of this project.

Firstly, we thank Dr. Gita Kumta who has been a constant source of motivation and

encouragement during the course of the project and at various other instances. Without her

active involvement, this project will not have materialized.

The proactive guidance and support received from all the functionaries of the concerned

Information Technology Sector was pivotal to the success of the project. We are grateful for

their help and support.


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Table of Contents

E Governance ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 4

The Context Model ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 4

Governmentto Citizens ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 4

Governmentto Business................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 5

Governmentto Government................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 5

E-governance: An IndianPerspective ................................ ................................ ............................. 6

Nationale-GovernancePlan (NeGP) ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 7

Vision of Nationale-GovernancePlan ................................ ................................ ............................ 7

Implementation Strategy for Nationale-GovernancePlan................................ .............................. 8

Majore-GovernanceProjects................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 8

National E-GovernanceProgram (Current Situation)................................ ................................ ...... 9

SWOT Analysis E-Governance ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 10

Challenges Faced ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................... 12

OurProposal: e-Matadan................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 13

Objective/Vision ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................... 13

Users ofthe System ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 13

Functional Requirements................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 13

Non-Functional Requirements ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 14

Reports................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 14

Other Important issues ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 14

Proposed Regions ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 15

Advantages ofe-Matadan................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 15

User Groups................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 16

Problem-Solution Characteristics ................................ ................................ ................................ . 16

Major Constraints................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 17

Developing Use-Cases................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 17

Actionplan ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 18

Issues in Implementation................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 19

References................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 20


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E Governance

E- Governance is digital interaction between a government and citizens (G2C), government and

businesses/commerce/eCommerce (G2B), and between government agencies (G2G). This digital interaction

consists of governance, information and communication technology (ICT), business process re-

engineering (BPR), and e-citizen at all levels of government (city, state/province, national, and international).

It is the use of information and communication technologies by Government agencies to transform relations

with citizens, business and other arms of the government. It involves information technology enabled initiativesthat are used for improving the following:

(1) The interaction between government and citizens (improving the socio-economic

Condition) or government and businesses.

(2) The internal government operations government operations also known as e-administration.

The Context Model

Government to CitizensMore Convenience

Everyone expects more services online. With E-Governance we dont have to wait in a line for an hour to spendfive minutes at a counter. We dont have to miss work to do business during "government hours." We can do

business anytime we want, anywhere we want.

Better Customer Service

We rarely need help with routine transactions. E-government lets agencies focus on things we usually need help

with. These include:

y Explaining complex policies

y Translating English for people who dont speak it well

y Providing assistance for disabled or otherwise challenged people

y Providing up-to-date news.

More Information Access

Not all decisions are made between 8 a.m. and 5 p.m. during a weekday. If we are looking for a house, we may

want information about an area during a weekend. E-government gives 24-hour access to this and other

information.

Using the Internet also makes finding the information easier. By using a standard look and feel, we know where

to find specific types of information on a Web page, such as contact information


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Government to BusinessLower Costs

E-government saves companies money. Whenever our employees must drive to a government office or wait in a

line, we lose productive time from them. Lost productivity is spent money. If our employees need more than one

trip, then each trip is spent money. Putting services on the Internet gets rid of the driving time and time spent

waiting in a line.

More Information Accessour company must have information to make wise business decisions for their future. Access to this information

can help make decisions for our company that will lead to greater success.

Using the Internet also makes finding the information easier. By using a standard look and feel, we know where

to find specific types of information on a Web page, such as contact information.

If we have a question and we dont know which agency to ask, use our new and improved search function. The

search function will find state Web pages that have information about our question. We can look through just

those Web sites to get our answers. We dont have to wade through thousands of items that have no relevance to

what we want to know.

Government to GovernmentDecreased CostState Web sites can managed through a content management tool. This tool makes it easier to make changes on

agency Web pages. This, in turn, reduces the time and energy required to keep agency Web pages up-to-date.

The E-Government program also consolidates hardware and software needed to create and update state Web

sites. This reduces licensing fees and increases the ability of the state to maintain its Web sites.

In addition, the E-Government program is providing a powerful Web tool to meet the most common agency

needs. This means that agencies no longer have to find their own answers to their online needs. We are

reducing the need for 70+ individual platforms to one platform. Development only needs to be done once and

then it is available to all agencies. This reduces costs for the state and for the taxpayer.

Agencies may have additional needs to be met by our platform. We provide the knowledge and skills to create

applications to meet those needs. Once an application has been developed for one agency, others will be able to

use it as well. This sharing reduces costs for the state and for the taxpayer.

Increased Efficiency

Online transactions are faster than face-to-face transactions. Paper processing is automated, reducing time and

the risk of clerical errors. This allows state agencies to focus on providing better service for the customer.

Increased Esteem

E-government makes the state more responsive to everyones needs. This will help the public see the

government as a positive force in their lives.


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E-governance: An Indian Perspective

The India Central Government started using information technology (IT) by launching following initiatives:

i) The Government implemented the National E-Governance Action Plan (NEGP) during 2003-2007which laid the foundation and emphasized on the long-term growth of e-governance. NEGPcomprises of 27 Mission Mode Projects (MMPs) at the Central, State and Local Government level.

The Common Service Centres (CSC) are the access points for citizens to e-governance services

hence they are front-end of the NEGP.The backend support is provided by e-District project.

ii) Adoption of Information Technology (IT) Act, 2000 by the Indian Government to provide legalframework to facilitate electronic transactions, recognize electronic contracts and avert computer

crimes.

iii) Establishment of National Taskforce of Information Technology and Software Development inMay 1998.

iv) Creation of Centre for e-governance to disseminate the best practices in the area of e- governancefor the use by the Central and State Governments and act as a nodal centre to provide general

information on e-governance, national and international initiatives, and IT policies of the

government(s).

v) Developing e-office solutions to enable various ministries and departments to operateelectronically.

vi) Setting up of a High Powered Committee (HPC) to improve administrative efficiency by usingInformation Technology.

vii) Instituting websites by ministries and departments to provide information on their objectives,policies and decisions, contact persons etc.


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National e-Governance Plan (NeGP)

To bring the benefits of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) at the last mile to ensuretransparent, timely and hassle free delivery of citizen services, Government of India has initiated e -Governance

programme in country in the late 1990s. After that, Union Government has approved the National e-Governance

Plan (NeGP), comprising of 27 Mission Mode Projects (MMPs) and 8 components on May 18, 2006 to give a

boost to e-Governance initiatives in India. Department of Information Technology (DIT) and Department of

Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DAR&PG) has formulated the National e-Governance Plan(NeGP).

Vision of National e-Governance Plan

National e-Governance Plan has been launched with the aim of improving delivery of Government services to

citizens and businesses is guided by the following vision:

Make all Public Services accessible to the common man in his locality, through common service delivery

outlets and ensure efficiency, transparency and reliability of such services at affordable costs to realize the basic

needs of the common man.

The vision statement clearly underlines these priorities of the Government in fostering good governance.

Accessibility: The vision has been designed keeping the rural population in mind. The need is to reach those

sections of the society which have remained tangential to the government sphere due to various reasons like

geographical challenges and lack of awareness. National e-Governance Plan (NeGP) has a provision for State

Wide Area Network (SWAN) to connect all the government offices upto the block level and Common Service

Centres (CSCs) for accessing the citizens from the rural areas.

Common Service Delivery Outlets: At present, citizens especially those living in remote rural areas have to

travel long distances to avail a service through a government department or its local offices. This is time-

consuming and costly affairs for a common man to access citizen services. To overcome this problem, as a part

of the National e-Governance Plan (NeGP) vision, one computer and internet enabled Common Service Centre

(CSC) is envisaged to set up for every six villages so that Villagers can easily avail these services. These

Common Service Centres (CSCs) are envisaged to offer online Integrated Service Delivery on Anytime,

Anywhere basis.

Adopting e-Governance for improving the Governance: The use of Information and Communication

Technology (ICT) will enable government to reach citizens thereby improving governance. This will also enable

improvement in monitoring and implementing of various government schemes thereby increasing the

accountability and transparency in government.

Improve the quality of life of citizens: e-Governance would help in attaining this objective through the

provision of citizen centric service delivery at nominal cost, and thereby providing better turnaround times and

convenience in demanding and availing services.

Hence, the vision is to use e-Governance as the route for governments to strengthen good governance. All

services provided through the various e-Governance initiatives are expected to assist the governments at the

Central and State levels in reaching the yet unreached and enable involvement and empowerment of

marginalized groups through their participation in the government processes thereby contributing towardspoverty reduction and bridging the sharp social and economic divide.


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Implementation Strategy for National e-Governance Plan

A prudent approach, therefore, is proposed for the National e-Governance Plan (NeGP), which is based on

lessons learnt from the past and experiences from successful e-Governance applications that have beenimplemented nationally and internationally. The approach and methodology adopted for National e-Governance

Plan (NeGP) contains the following elements:

Common Infrastructure: National e-Governance Plan (NeGP) implementation involves setting up of common

and support IT infrastructure such as: State Wide Area Networks (SWANs), State Data Centres (SDCs),

Common Services Centres (CSCs) and Electronic Service Delivery Gateways.

Governance: Suitable arrangements for monitoring and coordinating the implementation of National e-

Governance Plan under the direction of the competent authorities have been set up. The programme alsoinvolves evolving/ laying down standards and policy guidelines, providing technical support, undertaking

capacity building, Research and Development etc. Department of Information Technology (DIT) strengthens

itself and various institutions like National Informatics Centre (NIC), Standardization, Testing and Quality

Certification (STQC), Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), National Institute for Smart

Governance (NISG) etc., to play these roles effectively.

Centralized Initiative, Decentralized Implementation: e-Governance is being promoted through a centralized

initiative to the extent necessary to ensure citizen-centric orientation, realize the objective of inter-operability of

various e-Governance applications and ensure optimal utilization of Information and CommunicationTechnology infrastructure and resources while allowing for a decentralized implementation model. It also aims

at identifying successful projects and replicating them with required customization wherever needed.

Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) model: It has to be adopted wherever feasible to enlarge the resource pool

without compromising on the security aspects.

Integrative elements: Adoption of unique identification codes for citizens, businesses and property is to be

promoted to facilitate integration and avoid ambiguity.

Major e-Governance Projects 1.) Gyandoot

Gyandoot is an intranet in Dhar district of Madhya Pradesh, connecting rural cybercafes catering to the everyday

needs of the masses. The web site is an extension of Gyandoot intranet, for giving global access. The site has

these services to offer: Commodity/ mandi Marketing Information System; Copies of khasra, B1/khatauni and

maps; On-line registration of applications; Income Certificate; Domicile Certificate (mool niwasi); CasteCertificate; Landholder's passbook of land rights and loans (Bhoo adhikar evam rin pustika).

2.) Warana

The primary objective of the recently launched Wired Village project is to demonstrate the effective use of IT

infrastructure in the accelerated socio-economic development of 70 villages around Warana Nagar in the

Kolhapur and Sangli districts of the state of Maharashtra. The existing cooperative structure has been used in

concert with high speed VSATs to allow Internet access to existing cooperative societies. The project aims to

provide agricultural, medical, and education information to villagers by establishing networked facilitation

booths' in the villages.

3.) E-Governance in Noida city

Compaq India has joined hands with Electronics Research and Development Centre of India (ERDCI), Noida, to

set up a competence centre that would enable e-governance in Noida city and various other states. Residents will

be able to pay electricity and phone bills, file I -T returns, register marriages and deaths, among other things at

information kiosks located in the city. Once the project becomes fully operational citizens can pay utilities, get

grievance redressal and a variety of other essential jobs through these info kiosks.


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4.) "RajNidhi": Information kiosks

"RajNidhi" is a web enabled information kiosk system developed jointly by Rajasthan state's Department o f

Information Technology and Rajasthan State Agency for Computer Services (RajComp). Earlier on March 23,

2000, Nayla became the first village of Rajasthan to have a "Raj Nidhi Information Kiosk" when the US

President, Mr. Bill Clinton visited this village to observe the functioning of a Gram Panchayat.

5.) E-Governance in Panchayats in Kerala

The website of the department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances, Ministry of Personnel, Public

Grievances and Pensions features an article on the e -governance initiatives adopted by the panchayats in Kerala.

6.) E-Governance in Himanchal Pradesh

Himanchal Pradesh to focus on IT-enabled services & e-governance, which would include medical transcription,

call centres, data processing, back office operations and GIS.

National E-Governance Program (Current Situation)

NeGP is monitored and coordinated at the highest level by the National e -Governance Advisory Group]. The

latest appointments to the Group were done in First week of November, 2010 with its first scheduled meeting on

12th Nov 2010. It is headed by the Minister of Communications & Information Technology, Government of

India. It is the apex advisory body to the government on policy issues and strategic interventions necessary for

coordinated progress across the various Union/State government departments/ministries for timely

implementation of eGovernance across the country. Currently it includes various eminent personalities of Indiaincluding Nandan Nilekani Chairman, Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI); Shashi Kant Sharma,

Secretary, Department of Information Technolgy; R. Chandrashekhar, Secretary, Department of

Telecommunication; Dr. Mrutyunjay Sarangi, Additional. Secretary, Cabinet Secretariat; D.V. Singh, Special

Secretary, Department of Administrative Reforms & Public Grievances; Dr. B.K. Gairola, Director

General National Informatics Centre among other Central Government, State Government, industry and

academia representatives. Appropriate authorities have been identified and assigned the duties of laying down

standards, providing technical support, developing policy guidelines, undertaking capacity building, R&D work,

etc. Department of Information Technology (DIT), National Informatics Centre (NIC), Standardization Testing

and Quality Certification (STQC), Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) and National

Institute for Smart Government (NISG) are just some of the organizations at the national level working on this

project.


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SWOT Analysis E-Governance

Covering the following areas for SWOT analysis:

y Technological

y Political

y Social

y Economic

Technological Aspect

Technological aspects involve software and hardware infrastructure, IT skilled people, maintenance, safety and

security issues.

Technological aspects Implementation and maintaining e-governance solutions

Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats

Everything is new: no

negative legacy

Internet as driving

factor

Shortage IT skilled

people

Costs of software

licenses

Second hand hardware

available

Dependency of

technology

Political Aspects

Political aspects related to e-governance are as follows: political stability, cyber laws, leadership, decision

making, funding and international affairs.

Political aspects Implementation and maintaining of e-governance solutions


Combination with

democratisation

reforms

Internet as pull factor

Budget

No problem owner

within government

Cyber laws are not very

effective

Slow decision making

process

Little expertise about

technology

Show competitive edge

Transparency

Reinvent Government

Bureaucracy

Piracy, misuse

Corruption

Political instability

Resistance

Maintaining disorder,

no transparency


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Social Aspects

Some social aspects related to e-governance are people, (level of) employment, education, income, literacy.

Social aspects Implementation and maintaining e-governance solutions


People eager to learn

IT skills

Basic education is poor:

trainers needed

No/Low IT literacy

Different languages

Skill shortage:

competition with private

sector

Education system

improve

People learn structural

job

Cheap manpower

widely available

Promotion of internet

Brain drain IT skilled

people after training

Privacy

Economic Aspects

Economical aspects related to e-governance are funding, cost-savings, business models, e-Commerce.

Economic Implementation and maintaining e-governance solutions


E-Governance good

argument for external

funding

Transparency for

businesses

Budget control Cost efficiency through

e-governance

New business

opportunities

More efficiency tax

revenues

Corruption


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Challenges Faced

i) FundingFunding is the important issue in e-Governance initiatives. All e-governance projects require funds

either through the Government sector or through the private sector. In order to encourage private

sector to step into the funding activity, their commercial interests should be ensured. Moreover,

Governments interest of Value Addition in services should be taken care of while transferringservices to private sector.

ii) Management of ChangeThe delivery of Government services through the electronic media including internet, electronic

data exchange and other IT based technologies would lead to procedural and legal changes in the

decision. The employees should be granted more authority. De-layering decision-making levelswould lead to re-engineering and appropriate sizing of the decision-making machinery. These

changes should be accepted by the Government, citizens and stakeholders.

iii) PrivacyThe privacy of the citizen needs to be ensured while addressing the issues. Whenever a citizen gets

into any transaction with a Government agency, he is required to provide a lot of personal

information, which can be misused. Thus, the citizen should be ensured that the information flow

would pass through reliable channels and seamless network.

iv) Authentication Secured ways of transactions for the Government services is another issue of concern. Identity ofcitizens requesting services needs to be verified before services are made accessible. Though

authentication means can be used but infrastructure needed to support these services is very

expensive and requires constant maintenance. Hence a pertinent need to ensure the authenticity in

transactions to trust and confidence of the citizen exists.

v) Delivery of servicesAccessibility of these services is another major issue. A framework to deliver e-Services that

would be accessible to the poor should be designed.

vi) Technology Issues Although Central and State Government; have taken initiatives to develop hardware and software

platforms to address the challenges in implementing e-Governance, these should be customized

according to location and work specifications.


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Our Proposal: e-Matadan

Objective/Vision

We live in a democracy and voting is one of our fundamental duties

as responsible citizens of the country, but nowhere around the

country a 100% people come to vote during the elections in their

territory. There have been many reasons for that some of them are:

In the rural areas the influential people keep their men at the

polling booths to threaten the common man to vote for them

There are many portions of the country like the North East where

there is locally sponsored terrorism, at such places the security

conditions are also not very bright, so naturally people feel afraid to

come out of their houses and go to vote

Net savvy new generation want hassle free voting system. Also the

people in metros want a system thru which they can vote for their

territory without traveling.

Keeping in mind these situations and to improve the state of democracy in the country Online Polling System

can be thought as a solution, in conjunction with the ongoing current manual voting system.

Users of the System1) General Public

2) Candidates

3) Administrators (Election Commission Officers)

4) Field Officers

Functional Requirements1) Online registration for the voter id card which will be verified by the field officers (address and identity

validation) and after receiving the field officer's report only the registration will be validated and a

voter id will be issued (a photograph will have to be uploaded). We can also think about any other

secure method like digital signature.

2) Those already having a voter id card can register for the online voting system, they will use their voter

id as their user name and a separate password will be used for secure authentication.

3) The election commission will be able to use the site to let the candidates register for their nomination

on the site and their officers will validate it. Candidates can run their election campaign through forums

and chat-room.

4) A detailed profile of all the candidates constituency wise will be maintained so that voters can always

know about the candidates of their area.

5) Once registered when ever polling is done in any area that areas' people will be able to vote for their

favourite candidates.

6) Devise a mechanism that ensures duplicates voting (online & offline) is not happening.


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7) The system would show the current statistics as well on the web site about how many votes which

candidates have got.

8) Later when the voting ends the administrator can add the manual poling results to the database to

calculate the final results which will immediately be flashed on the site.

9) Facilitate appropriate communication between all stakeholders - Discussion forum/chat/mail/polls

10) Candidates should be able to modify selected portions of their profile after registration for nomination

like the promises they make about the things to do after winning the election, their previous works,

their experiences and a comprehensive about me, etc.

Non-Functional Requirements

1) Secure access of confidential data (users details). SSL can be used.

2) 24 X 7 availability

3) Better component design to get better performance at peak time

4) Flexible service based architecture will be highly desirable for future extension

Optional Features

1) Java based client for User-C & D

2) SMS based inquiry of the voting results

3) Customizable color skins.

User Interface Priorities

1) Professional look and feel

2) Use of AJAX (MUST with all registration forms)

3) Browser testing and support for IE, NN, Mozila, and Firefox.

4) Use of Graphical tool like JASPER to show strategic data to admin

5) Reports exportable in .XLS, .PDF or any other desirable format

Reports

1) Percentage voting done in different areas, regions, the overall voting percentage.

2) Number of votes that different candidates got based on the areas, regions etc.

3) The statistics of all the elections done so far should be available based on date or year of election.

4) Reports containing details of voters, candidates based on many criterions should be available to

administrator.

Other Important issuesA. The architecture should be highly scalable and the web site should be tuned for better performance at the

peak time.

B. Website should be highly customizable and flexible enough to easily deploy.

Technologies to be Used

UML, Java, J2EE, XML, e-Forms, AJAX, Web 2.0, Web-services, SOA


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Tools to be Used

ROSE/RSA / WebSphere Modeler

Eclipse/ RAD / Lotus Forms Designer / Portlet Factory

WebSphere Portal/ WAS/ WAS CE / WPS

DB2 Express C or DB2 UDB

Tivoli CDP/TSM / Tivoli Directory Server

Linux will be the preferred OS.

Final Deliverable must Include

1) Online or offline help to above said users, Application deployment executive and developer

2) Application archive ( .war/.ear ) with source code

3) Database backup and DDL Script

Proposed Regions

Advantages of e-Matadan

1.) Increase voter turnout

However, this is by no means certain. Only a minority of the Indian population has home internet

access, and many of those who do not vote are unlikely to have ready access to computers. Home

internet uptake has been rapid (faster than TV in the 1990s) and the proposed switch-off of analogue

TV by the end of the decade could result in near-universal access to interactive services via digital TV.

2.) Convenience.

People are increasingly using the internet for transactions, and through its Online

project, the Government aims to deliver all its services to citizens online by 2020. Online voting would

add to the convenience of being a citizen. It may particularly appeal to younger voters (among whom

voter turnout has tended to be particularly low).

3.) More information about candidates and their policies.

But this would conflict with existing laws about not campaigning in the immediate vicinity of a polling

place and would need to be strictly supervised.


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4.) Reduce expenses involved in setting up and staffing poll sites. However, new voting arrangements

could, at least at first, be in addition to existing systems. This would ent ail large additional costs and

several years of government investment.

User Groups

The key to successfully using the online voting system is the ability to use the system and access the

information available to help. The help facility should be fully functional and able to instruct users through

every step while allowing others more versatility in using the web environment. This is achieved by skipping all

help functions and proceeding directly to the voting process. Accordingly, users are divided into the following

six groups:

1. Knowledgeable Group: We believe the more educated the person is, the less likely the help function will be

needed and the probability of successfully completing the voting is high.

2. Frequent Group: These are users that surf the web frequently for various purposes. In general they perform

routine tasks. Most of them have memorized the steps needed to get to the site they need. However, it does not

necessarily mean they can use the online voting system without any problem.

3. Inexperienced Group:his group of users includes those who use the web very rarely or not at all. They will, most like ly, need more

assistance and, therefore, need more time in carrying out the voting process. This group of users will have a high

number of elderly.

4. Government Group:

This group will be mainly using the administration functions needed for counting and maintaining the voting

data. The group will also be involved with setting up and completing the ballots for regular users.

5. Technical Group: This group will be in charge of troubleshooting and maintaining the software, hardware and

the network. They will not have access to actual voting data.

6. Computer and Network Security Group: As security is essential for such a system, this group will ensure that

security is met at the software, hardware, network and physical levels.

Problem-Solution CharacteristicsThere are a number of problems that the online voting solution should address. Among these are the following:

yVoter secrecy: No one should know what the voter voted

yVoter authentication: Voters should be who they claim they are

yVerifiability of votes: Internal tracking of votes, to ensure every ballot is registered to the voter who submittedit.

yAccuracy of voter turnout. Each voter is tracked to completion, so voter data is available at any time.

ySafe transfer of votes from users computer to the server

ySafety of caste votes: Proper security process and user registration can guarantee ballot assurance.

yUniqueness of casting A person can cast only one vote

yPermitting the voter to vote for as many candidates for an office as the voter is lawfully entitled to vote for

without exceeding the limityEmpty ballot box at the start of voting

yVoter should be able to verify the vote before it is cast

yProvision for editing the vote any number of times

yUser manuals should be provided for voters several days before election

yTrial version should be released several days before the election

yAll server operations, whether operating system function, software functionality or OSI (Open SystemInterconnection) model functionality, must be protected The above mentioned problems will give rise to the

question of economical benefits of the online voting system (solution). Once the product is released, it should

have the following benefits:


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(1) If the online voting system is successful, people need not go to the polling bo oths to cast their votes. They

can vote from their home and hence a lot of time will be saved

(2) The existing paper ballot system will be discarded and hence a lot of materials can be saved

(3) Counting the ballots will be executed more accurately, quickly, and consistently

(4) As the existing paper ballot system will be discarded, many resources deployed by the Government will be

freed for other purposes

(5) Reports can quickly be generated and hence a lot of manual labor will be saved The output of a vot ing

system is characterized as good if it is capable of verifying the votes, providing accuracy of the voter turnout tothe number of people voted, avoiding coercion, and counting all votes.

Major ConstraintsWhen dealing with requirements engineering for any systems, there are some constraints that must be

considered. The major constraints for the Online Voting System are:

1. Voting is carried out from many consoles on the internet.

2. All voting is done in one day.

3. Many interfaces exist including Windows Explorer, Netscape, and Mozilla browsers.

4. The operating system in use are, but not limited to, Windows, Linux, and UNIX.5. Many different levels of expertise in the system use will be prevalent.

6. Each state can administer the system differently depending on state laws.

7. Each state can have unique election and proposals, needing many different administrative interfaces

Security Requirements

Below is a partial list of the Online Voting System security requirements.

The voting system should include controls to prevent deliberate or accidental attempts to replace codesuch as unbounded arrays and strings

The system should have zero-tolerant with regard to compromising Election process should not be subject to any manipulation including even a single vote manipulation The system should provide accurate time and date settings The system should not allow improper actions by voters and election officials The system should not allow Local Election Officials (LEOs) to download votes to infer how voters in

their precinct have voted

The system should provide means for protecting and securing recounts of ballots cast in elections

The system should not allow voter submissions to be observed or recorded in any way that is traceableto the individual voter

The system should ensure that election results would be verifiable to independent observers. Thisimplies that published election results correspond to the ballots cast by legitimate voters

The system should not allow tampering with audit logs

Developing Use-CasesA use-case tells a stylized story about how an end -user interacts with the system under a specific set of

circumstances. The story may be narrative text, an outline of tasks or interactions, a template -based description,

or a diagrammatic representation. Regardless of its form, a use -case depicts the system from the end-users point

of view. Examples of use cases for the Online Voting System are given below.

USE CASE 1: Voting

Actor: Any person that is allowed to voteGoal: To cast their votes in a safe and secure manner.

Preconditions: The process is password protected. The voter must know her/his PIN, without which they

cannot vote.

Scenario:

1. The voter enters the website address in his browser.

2. The voter selects the state to which he/she belongs.

3. The user is allowed to have a look at the tutorial section which is optional.

4. The voter enters the Name, SSN, State ID, Date of Birth, and Gender.

5. If the input of the voter matches the records,he/she is allowed to login.


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6. The voter is allowed to choose one of two options: Party Selection or Individual Selection.

7. The voter casts her/his vote to their favourite choice under a selection.

8. The voter navigates to all the pages and votes to his/her choice under each category.

9. The voter checks the final screen of the vote.

10. The voter is allowed to edit his/her vote any number of times.

11. If she/he is satisfied with the final vote screen, he/she casts the vote.

12. If the vote reaches the server, a message is displayed to the voter that his vote has reached the ballot.

13. The voter logs out.

Exceptions:

1. The voter may enter the wrong details.

2. The voter might try to select options more than the allowable ones.

3. The voters connection with the server may terminate before the vote reaches the server.

4. The voters connection with the server may terminate in the course of the session.

5. After the vote is cast, the voter may try to navigate back to cast another vote.

Event:

If the voter is not identified in th ree attempts, the process stops and the voter needs to contact the election

conducting authority to restart the process.

Frequency:

Used as many number of times as there are voters.

Secondary Actors: Election conducting staff who are contacted by voters in case of difficulties.

USE CASE 2: Configuration

Actor: Configurator(usually an authorized person of the election commission).

Goal: To configure the voting system by entering the offices for which voting is to be done and configuring

the candidates for the offices.

Preconditions: There are no preconditions while installing.

Scenario:

1. The actor clicks the button Configure.

2. The actor clicks either Single Configuration

or Multiple Configuration

button based on whether the

election is held for a single province or a multiple province.

3. If the Multiple Configuration

button is pressed, the actor is prompted to enter the common offices and theoffices that are specific to that province.

4. The actor enters the criteria based on which provinces are distinguished.

5. The actor is allowed to add a new office or edit an existing office by pressing Add New Office

or Edit

Existing

button respectively.

6. The name of the office and the number of candidates for that office are entered.

7. The actor clicks the next button which allows him/her to enter the name of the candidates and the party to

which they belong.

Exceptions: There are no exceptions.

Frequency: Usually once.

Secondary Actors: Software staff.

Action plan

Phase 1-

y Pilot run for the project to be rolled out initially in assembly elections for at leastfour states. All the functionalities of the system to be tested.

y Voting to be done through voting booths itself in rural areas as well as urbanarea unless some provision for voter identification online is deduced.

Phase 2-

y Scale the system up to conduct an entire assembly election using the system.


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Phase 3-

y Roll out the complete system on successful completion of Phase 2 and conductan general election through the system.

Issues in Implementation

y Infrastructure

The project would involve setting up computer voting centers all over the country. There would also be

a requirement of setting up connectivity (LANs).Also significant amount of human capital would be

required.

y High costs in terms of cash and time

There would huge capital investment in the implementation. Also the complex nature of

implementation makes the project time consuming and also the actual implementation would be in

phases which would take several years to implement.

y Data Security

Since the data handled would of very sensitive nature, security against hacking is a challenge.

y Issue of user training specially for rural voters

70% of Indian voting population is from rural or tier 3 cities. Training these users to use the system

would be a very important issue.

y Legal issues

The Right to Privacy of voters would be in question if the project is implemented and hence the legal

implications would need to be addressed. An amendment in privacy laws might be explored for

resolution of these issues.

y One Vote per Person is difficult to implement

Identification of voter online will be done by using a combination key of UID, Voter ID and DOB.

However, the system, currently, would not be able to stop a person from using someone elses data

(acquired through inappropriate measures) for login in to vote.


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References

1)http://www.petitiononline.com/vote5/petition.html2)http://www.livemint.com/2009/09/06215214/IT-companies-still-waiting-for.html3)http://india.gov.in/govt/national_egov_plan.php4)http://www.mit.gov.in/5)http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/key_highlights.asp

6)http://www.wikipedia.org7)http://www.das.state.or.us/DAS/EISPD/EGOV/benefits.shtml8)http://www.egovindia.org/ego10vportals.html9)http://ezinearticles.com/?E-Governance---Models-and-Benefits&id=3778198

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