ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

Presence of Islamic religion in 1700

LATE ISLAMIC PERIOD : 1037 - 1918

INDO - ISLAMIC ARCHITECTRE …..!!!!

CHARACTERISTICS OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTRE …..!!!!AN ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE IS.. THE ARCHITECTURE WHICH DID SERVE A RELIGIOUS FUNCTION OF “ ISLAM ” – THE MOSQUE, THE TOMB, THE MADRESA.

ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE DEFERS FROM OTHER NON-ISLAMIC ARCHITECTRE CREATIONS BY THEIR ARCHITECTURAL FORMS WHICH IDENTIFIYS EXPRESSION OF CULTURE CREATED BY THE ISLAM.

IN ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURAL INVENTION CONCENTRATES IN THREE MAJOR CONSTRUCTIONS, THE MOSQUES OR MASJID, TOMBS, AND THE PALACES.

PLANING: • TYPICAL CHARACTER OF ANY OF ISLAMIC STRUCTURE IS HAVING geometrical FORMS.• THE CONCEPT OF CENTRAL COURTYARD IN MOUSQUE IS BROUGHT IN INDIA FROM ARABIC COUNTRIES.

ORIENTATIONS:THE MAIN HOLY PLACE OF MOSQUE IS FACING TOWARDS

MACCA, WHICH IS IN West DIRECTION FROM INDIA SO THE MAIN WALL OF SANCTURY IS ALSO TOWARDS west DIRECTION.

USE OF WATERBODY:WATERBODY IS PLACED IN

THE CENTRE OF THE CENTRAL COURTYARD WHICH IS USED BEFORE ENTERING THE MAIN HOLY BUILDING OF MOSQUE.

ELEMENTS:ARCH,PLINTH,DOME, ARE THE

MAIN BASIC ELEMENTS OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE.

THE BASIC RULE OF THE ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE IS TO MEASURE THE DISTANCE BY AN ARCH WHILE IN INDIAN ARCHITECTURE BEAMS WERE USED FOR MEASURE THE DISTANCE.

JAMI, SCREEN AND PARAPET:

THIN WALL WHICH IS MADE BY GRILL PATTERENS OF SYMMETRICAL DESIGN WITH PARAPET WHICH IS USED AS SCREENS.

ORNAMENTATION:THIN WALL ,DOMES,

ARCHES, ALL ELEMENTS WERE ORNAMENTED WITH NATURAL COLOURS AND SYMMETRICAL PATTERNS.

NICHE (MIHARAB)• Miharab is the semicircular niche in the wall of

mosque.• The term was used by Islamic prophet

Muhammad to denote his own private prayer room FOR PRIVATE WORSHIP.

COLUMN• Columns were often combined with arches and

beams, creating a sense of harmony.• Columns may support a roof or a beam, or they

can be purely decorative.• A column has three main parts.THE BASE: Most columns rest on a round or square base.THE SHAFT: The main part of the column, the shaft, may be

smooth, fluted (grooved), or carved with designs.THE CAPITAL: The top of the column may be simple or

elaborately decorated.The capital of the column supports the upper portion of a

building, called the entablature.

ARCH• Islamic architecture is characterized by

arches which are employed in all types of buildings.

• Earliest form of arches employed in Islamic architecture were semi circular round arches.

MINARATES• Minarate is a slim tower rising from the

mosque.• They vary in height, style and number.• Minarates may be square, round or octagonal

and are usually covered with a pointed roof.• Originally they are used as a high point and

traditionally as a decorative feature of the mosque.

IN ISLAMIC ARCHITECTRE THE OUTSIDE APPEARANCE OF THE STRUCTURE IS OFTEN DEVELOPED TO THE EXTREAM.

ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT FEATURE OF ALL ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENTS IS THEIR FOCUS ON THE ENCLOSED SPACE, ON THE INSIDE AS OPPOSED TO THE OUTSIDE BUILDING,

CONSENTRATION OF THE INTERIOR :

INSTEAD OF DEFINING A PARTICULAR FUNCTION, THE DOME APPEARS TO BE A GENERAL SYMBOL, SIGNIFYING POWER, THE ROYAL CITY, THE FOCAL POINT OF ASSEMBLY.

IT CAN THUS SERVE BOTH RELIGIOUS AND SECULAR FUNCTIONS.

A DOME APPEAR OVER OF A MASS OF A BUILDING. IT IS GENERALLY VISIBLE FROM A FAR.

THE DOME MAY INDICATE A MOSQUE, A PALACE, OR A TOMB.

IT MAY COVER A PRAYERHALL, A CHAMBER AT THE END OF A RECEPTION HALL OR A SQUARE ,CIRCULAR OR OCTAGONAL TOMB.

DOME AS A SYMBOL OF POWER:

MUSLIM ARCHITECTURE IS A HIDDEN ARCHITECTURE…!!

AT ALL THE TIMES AND IN THE REGIONS OF THE MUSLIM WORLD WE CAN FIND “ HIDDEN ARCHITRCTURE ” – THAT IS, ARCHITECTURE THAT TRULY EXSIST, NOT WHEN SEEN AS MONUMENT OR SYMBOL VISIBLE TO ALL AND FROM ALL SIDES, BUT ONLY WHEN ENTERED, PENETRATED AND EXPERIENCED FROM WITHIN.

FORMS AND FUNCTIONS…!!

CLOSELY RELATED TO THE CONCEPT OF ‘HIDDEN ARCHITECTURE’

THERE ARE VERY FEW FORMS IN ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE THAT CANNOT BE ADAPTED FOR A VARIETY OF PURPOSE.

THE STRUCTURES FUNCTION EQUALLY WELL AS PALACE, MOSQUE, MADRESA OR PRIVATE DWELLINGS AT DIFFERENT TIME IN DIFFERENT PLACE.

ISLAMIC BUILDING AUTOMATICALLY REVEAL BY ITS FORM, THE FUNCTION IT SERVE.

INTERIOR SPACE…!!

THE ENCLOSED SPACE, DEFINED BY WALLS, ARCADES AND VAULTS, IS THE MOST IMORTANT ELEMENT OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE,

DECORATION IS DONE FOR THE ARTICULATION AND EMBELLISHMENT OF THE INTERIOR.

DECORATION IN ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE SERVES SEVERAL FUNCTIONS, BUT ITS MAIN EFFECT AND MAIN PURPOSE IS APPEAR TO BE THE CREATION OF NON-TECTONIC VALUES. IT MAKES THE ISLAMIC ARCHITECURE DIFFERENT FROM THE OTHER NON-ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE OF OTHER RELIGIONS.