ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE.

Islamic architecture has encompassed a wide range of both secular and religious styles from the foundation of Islam to the present day, influencing the design and construction of buildings and structures within the sphere of Islamic culture.The principle architectural types of Islamic architecture are; the Mosque, the Tomb, the Palace and the Fort. From these four types, the vocabulary of Islamic architecture is derived and used for buildings of lesser importance such as public baths, fountains and domestic architecture.

ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE.

The principle architectural types of Islamic architecture are:

a) the Mosque, b) the Tomb, c) the Palace d) the Fort. From these four types, the

vocabulary of Islamic architecture is derived and used for buildings of lesser importance such as public baths, fountains and domestic architecture.

Mosque includes Niche, Columns, Arches and Minarates.

CHARACTERISTICS...The characteristics of Islamic architecture are:

a) The nicheb) The columns c) The archesd) The minaretse) The calligraphy

Niche Miharab is the

semicircular niche in the wall of mosque.

The word originally had a non-religious meaning and simply denoted as a special room in a house.

The term was used by Islamic prophet Muhammad to denote his own private prayer room

The original meaning of niche(MIHARAB) is a special room for private worship.

COLUMNS Columns were often combined

with arches and beams, creating a fluid sense of harmony.

A column is an upright pillar or post. Columns may support a roof or a beam, or they can be purely decorative.

A column has three main parts.THE BASE: Most columns rest on a round or square base.THE SHAFT: The main part of the column, the shaft, may be smooth, fluted (grooved), or carved with designs.THE CAPITAL: The top of the column may be simple or elaborately decorated.The capital of the column supports the upper portion of a building, called the entablature.

ARCHES Islamic architecture

is characterized by arches which are employed in all types of buildings.

Earliest form of arches employed in Islamic architecture were semi circular round arches. ARCHES IN

INTERIOR VIEW OF MEZQUITA

MINARATES…

Minarates Minarate is a slim

tower rising from the mosque.

They vary in height, style and number.

Minarates may be square, round or octagonal and are usually covered with a pointed roof.

Originally they are used as a high point and traditionally as a decorative feature of the mosque.

CALLIGRAPHY

Islamic calligraphy, also known as Arabic calligraphy, is the artistic practice Handwriting.

They used it to represent God because they denied representing God with images.

Calligraphy is especially revered among Islamic arts since it was the primary means for the preservation of the Qur'an.

Arabic calligraphy is associated with geometric Islamic art (the Arabesque) on the walls and ceilings of mosques as well as on the page. Contemporary artists in the Islamic world draw on the heritage of calligraphy to use calligraphic inscriptions or abstractions in their work.

MOSQUE

A mosque is a place of worship for followers of Islam.

Quba Mosque is the first mosque in history, and mosques have developed significantly since Quba mosque. QUBA MOSQUE

PLAN OF MOSQUE

SHRINES

Shrine is a place of worship which is associated with a particular holy person.

Islamic architecture consists of Shrines and buildings.

The first 3 shrines in Islamic architecture are:

1. Kaaba at Mecca2. Mosque of

prophet Muhammad.

3. Dome of rock.

MOSQUE OF PROPHET MUHAMMAD

TOMB

A tomb is a large grave that is above the ground and that usually has a sculpture on it.

The tomb usually consists of solitary compartment or tomb chamber known as the huzrah in whose centre is the cenotaph or zarih.

This entire structure is covered with an elaborate dome.

In the underground chamber lies the mortuary or the maqbara, in which the corpse is buried in a grave or qabr.

Smaller tombs may have a mihrab, although larger mausoleums have a separate mosque located separately from the main tomb.

Normally the whole tomb complex or rauza is surrounded by an enclosure.

The tomb of a Muslim saint is called a dargah.

GOUR-EMIR MAUSOLEUM TOMB

DIFFERENT STYLES

There are different styles in which we can see Islamic architecture.

1. Persian Style.2. Azerbaijani Architecture.3. Turkistan Architecture.4. Sino-Islamic Architecture.5. Somali-Islamic Architecture.

PERSIAN STYLE

The Islamic conquest of Persia in the 7th century led early Islamic architects to borrow and adopt many traditions and ways of the fallen Persian empire.

Islamic architecture thus borrows from Persian architecture and can be some what called an extension and further evolution of Persian architecture.

Inside the Shah Mosque in the city of Isfahan.

PERSIAN STYLE

The Shah Mosque, constructed in 1629, in Isfahan, Iran.

Friday Mosque of Herat in Afghanistan

The Shrine of Hazrat Ali in Mazar-i-Sharif, Afghanistan.

AZERBAIJANI STYLE

The Islamic conquest of Persia in the 7th century also helped Islamic architecture to flourish in Azerbaijan.

The country became home of Nakchivan and Shirvan-Absheron architecture schools.

An example of the first direction in the Azerbaijani Islamic architecture is the mausoleum of Yusuf, built in 1162.

The mausoleum of Yusuf.

TURKISTAN (TIMURID) ARCHITECTURE.

The Timurid architecture is the pinnacle of Islamic art in Central Asia.

Timurid architecture started with the sanctuary of Ahmed Yasawi in present-day Kazakhstan and culminated in Timur's mausoleum Gur-e Amir in Samarkand.

The style is largely derived from Persian architecture.

Axial symmetry is a characteristic of all major Timurid structures, notably the Shah-e Zendah in Samarkand and the mosque of Gowhar Shad in Mashhad.

Gur-e-amir mausoleum,Samarkand

Shah-e-zendah ,Samarkand

SINO-ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE.

The first Chinese mosque was established in the 7th century during the Tang Dynasty in Xi'an.

The Great Mosque of Xi'an, whose current buildings date from the Ming Dynasty, does not replicate many of the features often associated with traditional mosques. Instead, it follows traditional Chinese architecture.

Some Chinese mosques in parts of western China were more likely to incorporate minarets and domes while eastern Chinese mosques were more likely to look like pagodas.

The Great Mosque of Xi'an, China

SOMALI-ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE.

The peaceful introduction of Islam in the early medieval era of Somalia's history brought Islamic architectural influences from Arabia and Persia, which stimulated a shift from drystone and other related materials in construction to coral stone, sundried bricks, and the widespread use of limestone in Somali architecture.

Mosque of Somali

SUMMARY...INTRODUCTION TO ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE.CHARACTERISTICS.MOSQUE.SHRINES.TOMBS.DIFFERENT STYLES.

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