Islam

Unit 2, SSWH 5 a & c

How did the religion Islam expand?

SSWH 5 a & cExplain the origins of Islam and

the growth of the Islamic Empire.

Explain the reasons for the split between Sunni and Shia Muslims.

Origins of Islam• Muhammad (founder), Allah sent

him an angel, Gabriel – Muhammad was told he is a messenger.• Islam: “submission to

the will of Allah” in Arabic• Muslim: “one who has submitted”• Muhammad: considered the last &

greatest prophet

Beliefs• 5 Pillars: Faith, Prayer, Alms, Fasting,

& Pilgrimage• People are responsible

for their own actions• Qur’an or Koran: Muslim holy book• People follow the Sunna

(Muhammad’s example) & Shar’ia (law)

Religion Divides• Muhammad died in 632 A.D. &

didn’t tell how to choose a successor (caliph)• Muslims split over the next caliph:

Sunni and Shi’a• “Rightly Guided Caliphs” 4 were

chosen after Muhammad’s death: loyal friends of Muhammad

Sunni• Believed Muslim rulers should

follow the Sunna, Muhammad’s example

Shi’a• Believed Ali, Muhammad’s son-in-law,

should have succeed Muhammad• Believed Muslim rulers should descend

from Muhammad

The LAST Word…Create an ACROSTIC by brainstorming all

the things you remember about ISLAM:I:S:L:A:M:

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Muslim Contributions To

The World

Unit 2, SSWH 5 b & d

How did the religion Islam expand?

SSWH 5 b & dIdentify the Muslim trade routes to

India, China, Europe, and Africa and assess the economic impact of this trade.

Identify the contributions of Islamic scholars in medicine (Ibn Sina) and geography (Ibn Battuta).

Trade & Economy• Major trading network.• Connected China, Europe, & India• Muslims only needed to speak

Arabic & one currency, Abbasid dinar• Muslims created banks for trade &

“sakk” (checks) (prevented travelers from being robbed)

Impact on Society• Education:

Encouraged within Muslim CultureHouse of Wisdom—preserves knowledgeSchools of philosophy, medicine, language and large libraries

• Medicine: knowledge of Greece, Syria, Arabic, Indian sourcesAl-Razi: greatest physicians – wrote books on medicine, Discovered that clean air can help heal you faster

Impact on Society• Medicine:

Ibn-Sina: Discovered tuberculosis is contagious, can spread through water & soil, person’s emotional health is influenced by the physical health, 1st to describe: Meningitis, parts of the eye, &valves of the heart

• Geography:Ibn-Battuta: Muslim Explorer who traveled over 75, 000 miles and to every Muslim land, detailed map information and worked for foreign leaders

Impact on Society• Math:

Al-Jabr: wrote a book on a math technique today we call Algebra

• Science:Ibn-Alhazen: wrote a book called Optics

• Art:CalligraphyThe Thousand and One Nights

WORD SPLASHUsing these words create a meaningful

sentence which explains Muslims contributions to the world.

Silk Road Dinar Sakk Al-RaziIbn-Sina Mecca Ibn-Battuta

ArabicJot your answers – 1 Minute –

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Muslim Empires

Unit 2, SSWH 12 a & b

What were the origins and contributions of the Ottomans, Safavid,

and Mughal empires?

a. Describe the geographical extent of the Ottoman Empire during the rule of Suleyman the Magnificent, the Safavid Empire during the reign of Shah Abbas I, and the Mughal Empire during the reigns of Babur and Akbar. b. Explain the ways in which these Muslim empires influenced religion, law, and the arts in their parts of the world.

Ottoman Empire(Modern Turkey)

• Suleyman-Known as the Magnificent for his court & cultural achievements, created a law code

• Conquers parts of Europe, Asia, & Africa• Simplified taxation & govt., everyone wanted in

the army = education• Toleration: Christians & Jews (1 god & Holy Book)• Cultures (religion, art, architecture, language,

trade) spread

Safavid Empire(Ancient Persia/Modern Iran)

• Shah Abbas I, Golden Age (time of prosperity)

• Changed the army (based on loyalty – not just a job)

• Punished corruption within the govt, also brought foreigners to work in the govt.

• Religious toleration, which increased trade, art, culture

Mughal Empire(Modern India)

• Babur: brilliant general, formed Mughal Empire• Akbar: means “Greatest One” a Liberal Ruler

(grandson of Babur)• Had an extensive army & used it, religious

freedom• Abolished tax on Hindu pilgrims & non-Muslims• Govt. run by different foreign officials• Developed a style of architecture* Both Safavid and Ottoman declined (poor

leadership)

Muslim InfluenceReligion• Tolerant, most empires allowed

practicing of their own religion• Few had to pay taxed because of

religious beliefsLaw• Suleyman created a law code to

handle both criminal & civil actions

ContinuedArt• Calligraphy: beautiful handwriting• Architecture was the greatest way

to show blending of cultures• Each empire was tolerant which

encourage foreigners to travel & bring new ideas of culture with them

KinfolkWhat do the Ottomans, Safavid,

and Mughal empires have in common?

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Crusades

Unit 2, SSWH 5 e & f

How did the religion Islam expand?

SSWH 5 eDescribe the impact of the Crusades

on both the Islamic World and Europe.

Analyze the relationship between Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

Crusades, 1093-1204• Byzantine emperor Alexius Comnenus

called for help against the invading Muslims• Pope Urban II called for a “holy war”,

to regain control of the Holy Land (Byzantine Empire & Jerusalem)• At least 9 different Crusades over this

time period (1-4 the most notable)

Impact on Europe• Christian Europe continues dislike

towards Muslims• Kings & church were able to have

quarrelling knights sent off• Second sons & others, who wouldn’t

inherit anything, left home to make something of themselves

Continued• Economically: trade increased• Jerusalem stayed within the control of

the Muslims, but agreed that Christians could visit• Weakened & lessened the power of the

Pope• Kings power increased, fewer knights &

feudal land lords to go against kings

Impact on Muslim World• Muslims disliked Christians• Persecution of Muslims: • Spanish Inquisition and Reconquista

(cleansing)• Economy weakens from lack of trade• Culture spreads from interaction

with European knights

1 Word SummaryWrite one word that summarizes

the Crusades…

Write 2-3 sentences explaining why you chose that word.

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