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![Page 1: Islam Under Attack Crusaders and Mongols. 1.Background to Conflict 2.Presentation 3.Making Sense of the Crusades 4.Impact on Islam and Christianity.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110400/56649dc55503460f94ab94b4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Islam Under Attack Crusaders and Mongols
![Page 2: Islam Under Attack Crusaders and Mongols. 1.Background to Conflict 2.Presentation 3.Making Sense of the Crusades 4.Impact on Islam and Christianity.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110400/56649dc55503460f94ab94b4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
1.Background to Conflict2.Presentation3.Making Sense of the Crusades4.Impact on Islam and Christianity
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How did we get to this point?
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![Page 5: Islam Under Attack Crusaders and Mongols. 1.Background to Conflict 2.Presentation 3.Making Sense of the Crusades 4.Impact on Islam and Christianity.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110400/56649dc55503460f94ab94b4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Jerusalem
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JerusalemJewish Claims• First occupied
around 2600 BC• According to Jewish
scholars, the Word of God was first spoken here and all the earth grew from this spot
• The dust to make Adam was found here as well
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JerusalemJewish Claims• Jewish kingdoms,
ruled by King Solomon and King David based out of Jerusalem from 1000 BC
• 1000 years of conflict between Egyptians, Babylonians, Sumerians, and Jewish peoples
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JerusalemChristian Claims• Romans take over
in 63 BC
• Life and Death of Christ
• Tomb of Christ nearby
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JerusalemChristian–Jewish Conflict• Came under
Christian control when Romans converted
• Jews banned from city for 200 years
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Roman Rule
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Fall of Rome
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Byzantines
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Byzantines• Remnants of
the Roman Empire
• Largest Christian Empire
• Control much of the Mediterranean
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JerusalemChristian–Jewish Conflict• In 614 AD, Jews
retake the city in a siege
• Helped by Persians • Reportedly kill all of
the Christians inside• Christian
Byzantines retake the city after 15 years, again killing and driving off Jewish forces
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Enter Islam……………………..
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Current Views of Islam
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Arab History• Arabs NOT the same
as Muslim
• Distinct ethnic group from Arabia
• Ancient people with a deep history
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Arab History• Split between
nomadic Bedouins and Semites who live in cities
• Two groups worked together to build long trade routes, develop writing, and advance agriculture, math, astronomy, and medicine
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Islamic History• In 610 AD,
Muhammad is visited by archangel Gabriel
• Brought by Gabriel to Jerusalem where he sees God and Prophets
• Receives the Word which becomes the Qu’ran
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Islamic History• Starts as a rebellious
belief in monotheism, human equality, and freedom for the poor and slaves
• Series of prophets, including Moses, Christ, and ending with Muhammad
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Islamic History• Muhammad
forced to leave Mecca
• Travels to Medina and establishes a new government
• Repels three separate attacks from Mecca
• Returns and conquers Mecca, sets sights on the rest of Arabia
Medina
Mecca
Jerusalem
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Islamic History• From the
beginning Islam is connected to warfare
• But is also a cause of social justice for the oppressed
• Emphasizes learning, scholarship, ethics, and the creation of law
Mecca
MedinaJerusalem
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622-632 AD
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Jerusalem• Muslim
forces defeat Christian Byzantines in 634 AD with help of Jewish forces
• Jews and Christians allowed to live in city
• Distinct holy areas for each group
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632-661 AD
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Expansion• Islamic faith
moves beyond Arabia
• Mix of conversion and military expansion
• Brings sustained conflict with Byzantines
632-661 AD
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661-750 AD
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War with Christians• 100 years of
conflict in North Africa
• Islamic leaders dream of a new world order
• Conquer Spain and get a foothold in Europe
• Byzantines largely defeated and left controlling Turkey
661-750 AD
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War with Christians• Took
possession of major libraries and research centers of the Ancient World
• Technological, scientific, philosophic, and ethical teachings of Greece, Rome, and Egypt
661-750 AD
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Consolidation• Expansion
largely stops• Develop new
sciences, medicine, and inventions
• Islamic leaders consolidate power at home
• End of conflict?
750-1000 AD
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Crusades Begin
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Crusades Begin
Conflict Focused in Turkey
Border Between Christian Europe and Islamic World
Last Hold of Byzantines
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Crusades Through Muslim EyesCheat Sheet
Franj = Frankish = Occidentals = EuropeansTartars= MongolsOrient = Turkish = Seljuk = MuslimByzantine = Rum = Roman = Greek
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Why did the Franj attack?
Crusades Through Christian Eyes
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Pope Urban IICrusades Through Christian Eyes
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Pope Urban II• Received call
for help from Byzantine Emperor
• Preached and demanded for an attack against Muslims
• Called for a holy war to reclaim Jerusalem
Crusades Through Christian Eyes
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Pope Urban II• Popes and
Kings in conflict
• Division between Eastern and Western Church
• Europe filled with minor lords fighting one another
Crusades Through Christian Eyes
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Pope Urban II• How did he
convince Europe to go to war?
• What were the reasons he gave?
• What other reasons might he have?
Crusades Through Christian Eyes
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Pope Urban II• Concern for other
Christians• Control over
militaries• Reuniting Church• European
warriors fighting each other
• Idealism and millennial beliefs
Crusades Through Christian Eyes
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Peter the Hermit
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The People’s Crusade• 40,000 unskilled men,
women, the elderly, and even children march to reclaim the Holy Land
• Unruly horde with little leadership
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The People’s Crusade• Anti-Muslim preaching also led to
Anti-Jewish attacks in Europe • In one town, Mainze, 1,100 Jews
were killed by the Crusaders
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The People’s Crusade• When the crusade reaches
Constantinople they are largely leaderless and interested in pillaging and killing
• Byzantine Emperor sends them out to be killed by the Turks
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The Prince’s Crusade
• Princes from Germany and France gathered an army and marched toward Jerusalem
• Defeat of Nicaea and Antioch
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The Prince’s Crusade
• Make it to Jerusalem with little problem
• Jerusalem falls after a short siege
• Establish Christian states in Middle East
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200 Years of Crusades
• Christians eventually pushed out of Holy Lands• Two centuries of attacks on
Muslims• Never regain Jerusalem
again
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Lasting Effects – Muslim World
• Leadership goes from Arab to Turkish hands
• Very little learned from Europeans
• Islamic world becomes “inward-facing”
• Jihad becomes rallying cry for holy wars
• Continuing animosity with Christians
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Lasting Effects – Christian World• Europeans learn great deal
from Muslims• Reconnect with Silk Road• Church solidified power• Legitimate using force to take over lands of pagans
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Lasting Effects – Middle East
• Continued religious conflict• Remains prize for
Christians,Jews, and Muslims
• Presence of oil complicates
everything