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![Page 1: Islam Chapter 10 Muhammad- about 570 a.d. Meditated in a cave Angel Gabrielle appears Asks Muhammad to become a messenger of God.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e165503460f94b014bf/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
IslamChapter 10
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Muhammad- about 570 a.d.
• Meditated in a cave• Angel Gabrielle
appears• Asks Muhammad to
become a messenger of God
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Allah
• Arabic for God
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Hijra/Hegira • Mecca threatens to kill Muhammad
• Muhammad flees to Medina
• This is the first year of the Islamic calendar
• 622 A.D.
• ????
• 1390
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Medina• Muhammad converts many people to his new
religion• Builds an army and defeats Mecca
(Controversial!)
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Five Pillars of Islam
• Basic beliefs of the Islamic religion
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Five Pillars of Islam
1. Belief in one god1. monotheism
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Five Pillars of Islam
2. Daily prayer
- in a mosque – Islamic holy place of
worship
- five times a day
- must face Mecca
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Five Pillars of Islam
3. Charity to the poor
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Five Pillars of Islam
4. Must visit Mecca once in your lifetime
- known as the Hajj
- the Kaaba
Read A “Pilgrimage to Mecca”
Make a list of the rituals/traditions on the hajj-
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Five Pillars of Islam
5. Fast during Ramadan
- no food from sunrise to sunset
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Hierarchy
• Islam has no hierarchy
• All believers are considered equal
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Koran / Quran
• Holy book for the Muslims
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Sharia
• Body of law based on the Koran
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Women
• Women are considered spiritually equal to men
• They win more rights under Muslim rule
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http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2002/04/afghan-girl/index-text
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Jihad
Literally- “to struggle.”
Seen as a Religious Duty for Muslims
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Islam spreads
• Middle East • Northern Spain• Into Spain *Battle of
Tours• Into Byzantine lands
*Crusades
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Islam Spreads…why?
• Have Camel cavalry• Common faith unites
tribes• Equality
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Non-Muslims in Muslim Empire
• Allow other religions to continue to practice in Muslim controlled lands
• What’s this called?• They have to pay an
extra non-Muslim tax
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Caliph
• The successor to Muhammad
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The split
• Muslims disagree on who would be the Caliph
Sunni – believe the Caliph should be elected
90% of Muslims today are Sunni
Shiite – believe the Caliph should be a descendant of Muhammad
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Sufi- Whirling Dervishes
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Baghdad
• Becomes the capital city of the Muslim Empire
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Mosques
• Minarets – slender towers used to call Muslims to prayer
• Muezzin
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Mosques
• No icons allowed in the mosque– Decorated with
• Arabesque – intricate design of curved lines
• Calligraphy – fancy handwriting
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____________
• Time of prosperity and great achievements
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Muslim Golden Age
• Massive trade occurs across the Muslim Empire
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Muslim Golden Age
• Pioneer algebra
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Muslim Golden Age
• Astronomy– Calculated the
circumference of the earth
Translate writings of Greek philosophers
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Muslim Golden Age
• Medicine– Built hospitals– Learn to treat
cataracts– Pharmacists
• Mix sweet syrups and gums in medicine
– Canon of medicine• Encyclopedia on
medicine
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Muslim Golden Age
• Literature &Tales– Aladdin and his magic
lamp– Ali Baba and the Forty
Thieves
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Muslim Golden Age
• All boys and girls receive an elementary education– Must be able to read
the Koran
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Muslim Golden AgeART
Use beautiful writing and patterns to decorate buildings and art
Adapt Byzantine domes and arches
Paint people and animals in nonreligious art
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Crusades
• European Christians fight Muslims for control of Jerusalem and other lands
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Spread of ideas
• Warfare!– Crusades & Battle of Tours– Muslim ideas spread into Christian lands
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Section 4: Muslims in IndiaMuslim Turks take northern India
• Muslims are led by Tamerlane
MAIN IDEA-
CULTURAL DIFFUSION!
There’s a shocker!
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Muslim Turks invade northern India
• The Indians are divided
• Why would some Indian people like Islam?
• Who?• Low caste Indians like
Muslim ideas of equality
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Muslims in India
• The Gupta Empire falls
• India is broken up into local kingdoms
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Sultan
• A Muslim ruler
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Muslim rule
• The Muslims destroy Hindu and Buddhist temples
• They impose the non-Muslim tax
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Mongols-Will battle the Muslims in the East
-They take Baghdad and loot it
-Eventually convert to Islam
What religion were the Mongols before they converted?
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Empire crumbles
• The Muslim Empire slowly crumbles after the fall of Baghdad
• The Empire breaks up into a number of Muslim controlled lands with a Sultan
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Babur
• Takes over the rest of India
• Begins the Mongol dynasty over all of India:
Called the Mughal dynasty
Mughal- 1526-1857
Mughal is Persian for Mongol
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Akbar the Great
• Babur’s grandson• Created a strong
central government• Ended the non-
Muslim tax• Strengthened the
Empire
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Shah Jahan
• Akbar’s grandson• Builds a tomb for his
wife called the Taj Mahal– Planned to build
another for himself but his son overthrew him and put him in prison until he died
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SIKHISM
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“The Age of Gunpowder Empires”
1450-1650Mughal Empire in India
Ottoman EmpireSafavid Empire
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The Ottoman Empire
• Begun by the Turks
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Ottoman Expansion
• Takes over Constantinople in 1453– Led by Muhammad II– Renames it Istanbul– Becomes the capital of
the Ottoman Empire
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Ottoman Golden Age
• Ruled over by Suleiman the Magnificent– Strengthened
government– Improved the system
of law• Based on the Sharia
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Ottoman Social Structure
• Men of the Pen (scholars)
• Men of the Sword (warriors)
• Men of Negotiation (merchants)
• Men of Husbandry (farmers and artisans)
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Christians in the Ottoman Empire
• Christians were forced to hand over their youngest sons
• The sons were sent to military school– Converted to Islam– Became the Janizaries
– elite warriors
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European domination
• By the 1700s Europe was advancing in military, economic and conquest
• The Ottoman Empire lagged behind and would eventually fall to the Allies during WWI
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What is the point of the editorial cartoon?