Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3...
-
Upload
hubert-griffith -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
0
Transcript of Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3...
![Page 1: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Islam and the Islamic World
~600 CE
![Page 2: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Europe
Asia
Africa
Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents?
Influences came from all parts of the known world!
Israel
![Page 3: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Influences on Islam
●1.Native Bedouins●2.City of Mecca●3.Hanifs & idea of Monotheism
![Page 4: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Bedouins
● Nomads ● Desert Dwellers
● survive on gifts of
Oasis● Clans & Tribes● Great fighting ability● Ideals of courage &
loyalty to family influence Islam
![Page 5: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Mecca
● Important stop on trade routes
● Pilgrims worship at ancient house of worship
● the Ka’aba● Arabs associate Ka’aba
w/Abraham● contained idols
representing polytheistic religions.
![Page 6: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Hanifs
● Hanifs ● Arabs who believed
in only one God –
Allah – Arabic for God
● Christians & Jews also resided on Peninsula
![Page 7: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Muhammad
● Born 570 CE to powerful Meccan family
● Orphaned at early age: raised by Grandfather & Uncle
● Worked in caravan trade
● Married woman who owned the business – Khadijah.
![Page 8: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The Revelations● Always had interest in
religion● Age 40, voice called to him
while he meditated outside a cave
● Voice was angel Gabriel● ‘revealed’ messages of God● Muhammad to deliver
messages to people● Gabriel delivered many
messages (Revelations) to Muhammad
● Muhammad convinced he was last of the prophets
![Page 9: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The Revelations● Allah
● one & only God ● other gods must be
abandoned● Islam = submission to
the will of Allah● Muslim = one who
submits to will of Allah● Rejection
● Fear that Mecca would be rejected as pilgrimage center
● Followers persecuted.
(5:32)
![Page 10: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The Hijrah● Muhammad & followers
escape Mecca ● 622 - settled in city of
Yathrib● Migration called the Hijrah● In Yathrib, Muhammad found
acceptance as both religious & political leader
● Yathrib renamed Medina – City of the Prophet
● Significance? = preserves Islam
![Page 11: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Return to Mecca● Accepted by Bedouin tribes● Muslims & Meccans
continued to fight until Mecca’s decline
● 630 CE- Muhammad & followers march to Mecca – Meccan leaders surrendered
● Muhammad goes to Ka’aba● Destroys idols● made call to prayer from
roof● Meccans accept
Muhammad’s leadership & convert to Islam
![Page 12: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The Spread of Islam
![Page 13: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Reasons for Quick Spread
1.Byzantine & Persian Empires had weakened
![Page 14: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Reasons for Quick Spread
2. Christians/Jews not forced to convert, but Polytheists were… - Most willingly to do so because Islam promised “equality”
![Page 15: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Reasons for Quick Spread
3. Muhammad called for “Jihad” (Holy War against non-believers) - motivated Arab armies
![Page 16: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Beliefs & Practices of Islam
● 1 god – Allah● Good/Evil exists● Free Will● Final judgment day ● Heaven/Hell● Qur’an (Koran) =
Holy Book (3:36)
![Page 17: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
5 Pillars of Islam
1. Faith● “There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the
messenger of Allah”
![Page 18: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
5 Pillars of Islam
2. Prayer● 5 times a day● May assemble in
Mosque – Islamic house of worship
● To bring them closer to Allah
● Pray towards Mecca
![Page 19: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
5 Pillars of Islam
3. Alms● Support of those less fortunate● Religious tax● charity
![Page 20: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
5 Pillars of Islam
4. Fasting● Holy month of Ramadan
● (9th month of Islamic calendar – month during which Qur’an was revealed)
● No drinking/eating between dawn/dusk
● Reminds Muslims of greater needs
![Page 21: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
5 Pillars of Islam
5. Pilgrimage● Also known as Hajj● Made to Mecca at
least once in a lifetime
(00:34)
![Page 22: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Muslim way of life
● Personal lives not separated from religious lives
● Forbidden to eat pork or drink alcoholic beverages
● Friday afternoons are for communal prayer – the Mosque
● No priests or central religious authority
● Imams – prayer leaders in Mosques
![Page 23: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Sources of Authority
1.Allah 1.expressed his will to
Muhammad through Gabriel2.Qur’an
1.Only Arabic version is true
3.Sunna1.Muhammad’s example2.Best model for proper
living4.Shari’a
1.Body of law = family life, moral conduct, business & community life
![Page 24: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
People of the BookJews, Christians, & Muslims
● Allah same God worshipped by Jews/ Christians
● Qur’an word of Allah; same as Old Testament for Jews & New Testament for Christians
● Belief in Heaven & Hell & afterlife
● All three trace ancestry to Abraham
![Page 25: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
What is a Caliph?
● “successor” or “deputy”
● 1st caliph = Abu Bakr in 632
● chosen because of connection to Muhammad
![Page 26: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Who were the “Rightly Guided” Caliphs?
● 1st 4 leaders after Muhammad
● Named “Rightly Guided” due to close connection w/ Muhammad.
● 1st 4 Caliphs were:● Abu Bakr ● Umar ● Uthman ● Ali.
![Page 27: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Rule in the Caliphates
● 6,000 Miles
● Because of tolerance, seen
as liberators
![Page 28: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Internal Conflict
● 656 - Uthman murdered
● Ali, Muhammad’s son-in-law, natural successor
● Uthman’s son Mu’awiya challenged Ali’s succession
● belief that Ali’s supporters had murdered Uthman.
![Page 29: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Internal Conflict
● Ali & Mu’awiya came to understanding
● Ali murdered by disillusioned follower.
● Ali’s son, in fear, refused to become caliph.
● Mu’awiyah & son begin new dynasty – The Umayyad
![Page 30: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Islamic Succession
Muhammad
Abu Bakr Umar Uthman
Mu’awiyah
Ali
Shi’a
Sunni
![Page 31: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Islamic Dynasties
1.Umayyad (661-750)
2.Abbasid (750-1258)
●Help to spread ideas of Muslim faith
●create Muslim Empire
(3:53)
![Page 32: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
The Dynasties
● Umayyad● 661-750● Began when
Mu’awiyah became Caliph
● Capital = Damascus● Set up hereditary
system of succession
● Surround themselves w/wealth (Big No-No)
● Abbasid● 750-1258● Began as protest to
Umayyad● Capital = Baghdad● Create strong
bureaucracy● Open diplomacy w/
European states
![Page 33: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Sunni – Shi’a Split
● Sunni● Support Umayyad
Dynasty● Majority ● Imam = prayer leader
only● Any righteous
Muslim may be Caliph
● Shi’a● Followers of Ali &
family● Minority● Imam = spiritual
leader● Descendent of Ali &
Fatima must be Caliph
![Page 34: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Sufis
Muslim mysticsFound in both Sunni & Shi’a branchesSought communion with Allah through Meditation, Fasting, & other ritualsHelped to spread Islam
![Page 35: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
End of the Spread of Islam●Battle of Tours (732)
●Frankish king, Charles Martel stops Muslim advance into Europe
●Mongols capture Baghdad (1258)
●Grandson of Genghis Khan burns city & kills last Abbasid caliph
![Page 36: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Let’s Review!!!!
![Page 37: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Name the founder of Islam. Muhammad
Followers of Islam saw Muhammad as which of the following: god, messiah, or prophet.
Prophet
What was Muhammad’s original occupation?
Trader - merchant
What are Muhammad’s talks with the Angel Gabriel called?
The Revelations
What is considered the holiest city of Islam?
Mecca
![Page 38: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
What is the Arabic word for God?
* Allah
What is the Arabic word for “submission to the will of Allah”?
* Islam
What is the Arabic word for “one who has submitted”?
* Muslim
What is the migration of Muhammad’s followers from Mecca to the city of Yathrib called?
* Hijrah
What became the new name of Yathrib?
* Medina – ‘city of the prophet’
![Page 39: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
What are the Basic Beliefs of Islam?
* The 5 Pillars
What is Islam’s Holy Book called?
* The Koran (Qur’an)
What are the 5 Pillars? * Faith, Prayer, Alms, Fasting, Pilgrimage
What is the term for ‘Muhammad’s example” or the model for the proper way to live?
* Sunna
What is the Islamic Law? * Shari’a
Who do Muslims call “People of the Book”?
* Jews and Christians
![Page 40: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Sunni or Shi’aMajority of Muslims today. * Sunni
Believe the Caliph must be a descendent of Ali through Muhammad’s daughter Fatima.
* Shi’a
Imam is a prayer leader only.
* Sunni
Rebelled against the Umayyad Dynasty.
* Shi’a
Believe the Imam to be a spiritual leader.
* Shi’a
Majority of Iraqis. * Shia
![Page 41: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Umayyad or Abbasid* 750-1258 * Abbasid
* Capital city Damascus * Umayyad
* Capital city Baghdad * Abbasid
* Led lavish and extravagant lifestyle.
* Umayyad
* Created a hereditary system of succession.
* Umayyad
* Created a strong administrative bureaucracy.
* Abbasid
* Followed the last of the ‘Rightly Guided Caliphs’.
* Umayyad
![Page 42: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Islamic Achievement & Influence
![Page 43: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Muslim Urban Centers● Education increased w/ creation
of Universities● Scholars preserved classical
works of Greece/Rome● Improved Indian/Persian
discoveries● Cities included:
● Baghdad (Iraq)● Cordoba (Spain)● Damascus (Syria)● Cairo (Egypt)● Timbuktu (Mali)
![Page 44: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Cairo
![Page 45: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Role of Women
● Rights determined by interpreters of Koran.
● “Men are managers of women’s affairs.”
● “Righteous women are therefore obedient”
● In early days, and in some places today, women could/can get an education.
● Women largely responsible for children & home
![Page 46: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
House of Wisdom
● Islamic center for scholars (University)
● Opened by Caliph al-Ma’mum in early 800’s
● Included library, academy, & translation center.
● Interpreted/translated works from Greece, Rome, India, Persia & others.
● Scholars gathered to study & analyze
Muhammad preached education as important in order to serve Allah
![Page 47: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Medical Advances● al-Razi
● Created encyclopedia - Comprehensive Book
● collected medical knowledge from Greece, Syria, India, & Arabic sources.
● Believed that cleaner air could help recovery
● Called for good nutrition & exercise
● Wrote findings in Treatise on Smallpox & Measles
![Page 48: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Mathematic Achievements
● Related to study of Astronomy
● Al-Khwarizmi● created a technique
Al-Jabr = Algebra● Trigonometry
developed● Arabic Numeral
System ● adopted from India
(3:16)
![Page 49: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Scientific Achievements
● Used observation & conducted lab experiments
● Ibn al-Haytham● produced first book on
optics.● Studies led to
development of lenses for telescopes & microscopes.
![Page 50: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Astronomy
● 5 Pillars led to Astronomical advances (Why?)
● Needed accurate Lunar calendar to observe religious periods
● Cartography (mapmaking) became prominent
● Astrolabe● scientific instrument used to
navigate on seas.
![Page 51: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Muslim Literature●The Rubaiyat
●Collection of poems●Omar Khayyam
●Persian mathematician & Astronomer
“Yesterday & today go on without us:Tomorrow what’s the charge against me, pray?In youth, I studied for a little while;Later I boasted of my mastery,Yet this was all the lesson I learned:We come from dust, and with the wind are gone,Of all the travelers on this endless roadNo one returns to tell us where it leads,There’s little in this world but greed and need,Leave nothing here, for you will not return.”
![Page 52: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Muslim Literature● Follows storytelling
tradition of Bedouins● Koran considered
standard for all Islamic literature.
● The Thousand and One Nights
● collection of fairy tales, parables, & legends.
![Page 53: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Muslim Art & Architecture
● Calligraphy – the art of beautiful handwriting
![Page 54: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Mosaics
![Page 55: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Muslim Art & Architecture
● Much of Islamic architecture is a blending of Byzantine architecture with Muslim ideas.
![Page 56: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
![Page 57: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
The Taj Mahal
(1630-1635)
* Tomb built by Emperor Shah
Jahan as a tomb for his beloved
wife
MinaretsOnion Dome
![Page 58: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Dome of the Rock(3:20)
Why is the Dome of the Rock significant to Muslims?
![Page 59: Islam and the Islamic World ~600 CE. Europe Asia Africa Arabian Peninsula – Crossroads of 3 Continents? Influences came from all parts of the known world!](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022012922/5697bfad1a28abf838c9c463/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
The city of Cordoba