Islam
description
Transcript of Islam
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Islam
Kaaba
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Islam
Beliefs
Impact on Trade
FoundingEurope
Empire
India
Sects
Southeast Asia
Africa
Becomes Political
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Pre-Islamic Arab World
• Bedouins• Camel herding• Agriculture• Clan Identity• Towns • Long-distance trade
– Mecca
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Marriage and FamilyPre-Islamic Arabia
• Economic role– Milking camels– Weaving cloth– Raising children
• Rural areas– Matrilineal– Polygamy for both sexes– Man paid dowry
• Not veiled or secluded• Status determined by custom• Urban areas
– Patrilineal– Male polygamy
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Founding
• Muhammad • 622 CE• Hijrah—from Makkah
to Medina
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Beliefs• Monotheistic• 5 Pillars of Islam
– Alms-Zakat– Fasting– Prayer – Faith-Shahara– Haj
• Jihad—• People of the Book—dhimmi status
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Sects
• Shi’ia-bloodline• Sunni-elected • Sufis-mystical
– Whirling Dervishes
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Empire Building Umayyad-661-750
• Sunni• Series of alliances bring stability to Islamic
community• Capital—Damascus
– Center of Learning– Exposed to Hellenistic traditions
• Eastward to India and China• Westward to North Africa and Spain• Battle of Tours• Stressed political not religious aspect of office
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• Dar-al-Islam—lands ruled by Islam• United lands they ruled
– Arabic official language– Minted Arabic currency– Road building– Postal routes– Civil service– Improved conditions for non-Muslims
• Opposition from religious and political groups—Abbasids most powerful one
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Abbasids750-1258
• Capital Baghdad– Center of banking,
commerce, crafts• Caliph Harun al-
Rashid--high point • Battle of Talas River
ends Tang spread• 1258-Mongol assault
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• Ulama —learned official with religious knowledge
• Qadis -judges set moral standards and resolved disputes
• Relied on Persian techniques of administration
Abbasid Administration
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TradeOverland
• Trade cities brought under Islamic control
• Silk Routes• Maintenance of
roads for military and administration
• Camels and caravansaries
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Maritime • Mediterranean and Indian Ocean
Routes• Compass-China• Lateen Sail-Southeast Asia and India• Astrolabe-Hellenistic mariners
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Impact on Trade1300’s
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Women
• Muhammad’s wife a wealthy widow• Women’s rights• Contact with Syria and Persia• Veiling
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Cultural Influences
Persian• Administration• Al Ghazzali -denounced Greek philosophers• Language-literature, poetry
– Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam
Greek• Philosophy
Arab• Ibn Sina [Avicenna]• Al Razi
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Europe
• Spain—Moors• 732 • Battle of Tours
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TurksSeljuks 11th-14th century
• Steppe people• Hired by weak Abbasid rulers to fight in
army• 1000 moved from central Asia into Middle
East• Restored Sunni caliphate• Gained control of main trade routes• Used wealth to build an empire• Defeated Byzantines at Battle of Manzikert
1071• Conquest of Palestine led Pope Urban II to
call for first crusade
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