By: Mrs. Agosta, Mrs. Hassett and By: Mrs. Agosta, Mrs. Hassett and Ms. PojerMs. Pojer

Founder of Islam in the 7th century Founder of Islam in the 7th century C.E. in Mecca. C.E. in Mecca.

Considered the seal of the prophets Considered the seal of the prophets (the last person to reveal the word (the last person to reveal the word of God.)of God.)

Led the fight against idolatry and Led the fight against idolatry and polytheism.polytheism.

• Idolatry- worship of statues and Idolatry- worship of statues and idolsidols

LET’S REVIEW!LET’S REVIEW!

• Polytheism- belief in many godsPolytheism- belief in many gods

• Monotheism- belief in one godMonotheism- belief in one god

Major Rules of IslamMajor Rules of Islam

1. Declaration of Faith

1. Declaration of Faith Shahada

Also called the Profession of faith

Shows monotheism

There is no god worthy of There is no god worthy of worship except God, and worship except God, and Muhammad is HisMuhammad is HisMessenger [or Prophet].Messenger [or Prophet].

There is no god worthy of There is no god worthy of worship except God, and worship except God, and Muhammad is HisMuhammad is HisMessenger [or Prophet].Messenger [or Prophet].

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2. Prayer 2. Prayer Salat

A. Must pray 5x a dayB. Facing MeccaC. Recite from the Koran (Qur’an)

or sacred textD. Muslims worship in a Mosque

on Fridays

Prayers performed at: * dawn * noon * late afternoon * sunset * before going to bed

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A Muezzin calls Muslims to prayer from the Minaret or tower at the corner of the mosque.

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• One must wash before praying.

• One must prayer on a prayer rug or a clean space.

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3. Almsgiving 3. Almsgiving Zakat means Charity

Muslims believe that all things belong to God.

Should donate 2.5% of your income.

Should be anonymous

4. Fasting 4. Fasting Sawm

Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan.

No eating or drinking from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan.

For self-purification and shows hows devotion to Allahdevotion to Allah

Eid MubarakEid MubarakEnd of the Ramadan holiday.

Ramadan takes place at a Ramadan takes place at a different time each year because it different time each year because it

is based on the lunar calendar.is based on the lunar calendar.

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5. Pilgrimage5. Pilgrimage Hajj (Hadj)

Religious journey to Mecca done at least once in a Muslim’s lifetime if you are well and can afford it.

Kaababa- most revered (honored) - most revered (honored) shrine in Mecca. shrine in Mecca.

Cube-like structure Muslims believe Cube-like structure Muslims believe was built by Abraham was built by Abraham

Muslims gather and circle around it Muslims gather and circle around it during hajjduring hajj

In Mecca all pilgrims wear white robes to symbolize their equality in the eyes of god.

Only Muslims are welcome in Mecca.

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Koran (Qur’an)Koran (Qur’an)

• Holy book of Islam. Holy book of Islam.

• Considered to be God’s last Considered to be God’s last revelation given to Muhammed.revelation given to Muhammed.

• The Sharia The Sharia is the Islamic code of is the Islamic code of laws contained in the Koran. It laws contained in the Koran. It shows how to live.shows how to live.

KORAN DO’S AND DON’TSKORAN DO’S AND DON’TS

FORBIDDEN: FORBIDDEN: REQUIRED: REQUIRED: Drinking alcohol Drinking alcohol Honor your parents Honor your parents Eating porkEating pork Protect women and Protect women and Gambling Gambling children childrenWorship of idols Worship of idols Fight a holy war (jihad) Fight a holy war (jihad) Charging interest Charging interest against evil against evil

on loans on loans

Other holy cities in Islam:ther holy cities in Islam:• MedinaMedina- Muhammed fled there from - Muhammed fled there from

Mecca. This is called the Mecca. This is called the hijra, hijra, which is the beginning of the Muslim calendar

Meccan merchants sought to kill Meccan merchants sought to kill Muhammad for clearing the Kaaba of Muhammad for clearing the Kaaba of idols (He was bad for business). In 622 idols (He was bad for business). In 622 CE, Muhammad and his followers left CE, Muhammad and his followers left Mecca for Medina. This was a turning Mecca for Medina. This was a turning point for Islam; Muslim converts in point for Islam; Muslim converts in Medina welcomed Muhammad, and the Medina welcomed Muhammad, and the religion grew.religion grew.

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JerusalemJerusalem- Dome of the Rock- Dome of the Rock

Mount Moriah Rock where Muhammad ascended to heaven.

Sects of IslamSects of Islam

• SunniSunni- believe any Muslim can be - believe any Muslim can be caliph caliph or religious leader. Orthodox or religious leader. Orthodox (stricter) form of Islam (stricter) form of Islam

• Shia or Shi’iteShia or Shi’ite- believe only direct - believe only direct descendants of Muhammed can be descendants of Muhammed can be caliph.caliph.

View of Women

• The Kuran protects women but men’s interpretation of Kuran changed things.

• Must be veiled when they leave the house in Muslim countries.

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Muslim Women in Burkas

Muslim Women in Head Scarves

What’s the difference between Muslim women in burkas and the way Christian nuns dress?

Islam has Judeo-Christian

Foundations

Islam has Judeo-Christian

Foundations Muslims are strict monotheists.

They believe in the same God as Jews and Christians.

Muslims believe that the Torah and the Bible, like the Qur’an, is the word of God.

Muslims call Jews and Christians “People of the “People of the Book”Book”

The Prophetic Tradition

The Prophetic Tradition

Adam

Noah

Abraham

Moses

Jesus

Muhammad

Abraham’s GenealogyAbraham’s Genealogy

ABRAHAMABRAHAM SARAHSARAHHAGARHAGAR

IsaacIsaac

EsauEsauJacobJacob

12 Tribes of Israel

12 Tribes of Israel

Ishmael

Ishmael

12 Arabian Tribes

12 Arabian Tribes

The Origins of the Qur’an

The Origins of the Qur’an Muhammad received his first

revelation from the angel Gabriel in the Cave of Hira in 610.

622 Hijrah Muhammed flees Mecca for Medina. * The beginning of the Muslim calendar (1 A.H.)

Muhammad’s revelations were compiled into the Qur’an after his death.

The Qur’anThe Qur’an Muslims believe it contains the word of God.

114 suras (chapters).

In the name of Allah, the compassionate, the merciful. Written in Arabic.

Other Islamic Religious Practices

Other Islamic Religious Practices

Up to four wives allowed at once.

No alcohol or pork.

No gambling.

Sharia body of Islamic law to regulate daily living.

Three holiest cities in Islam: * Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem.

The Spread of IslamThe Spread of Islam Easy to learn and practice.

No priesthood.

Teaches equality.

Non-Muslims, who were “Peoples of the Book,” were allowed religious freedom, but paid additional taxes.

Easily “portable” nomads & trade routes.

Jihad (“Holy War”) against pagans and other non-believers (“infidels”).

The MosqueThe Mosque The Muslim place of worship.

Essential Question:Essential Question:

Why was Islam able to spread so quickly and

convert so many to the new religion?

Muslims in the WorldToday

Muslims in the WorldToday

Countries with the Largest Muslim

Population

Countries with the Largest Muslim

Population1. Indonesia 183,000,00

06. Iran 62,000,000

2. Pakistan 134,000,000

7. Egypt 59,000,000

3. India 121,000,000

8. Nigeria 53,000,000

4. Bangladesh

114,000,000

9. Algeria 31,000,000

5. Turkey 66,000,000 10. Morocco 29,000,000

* Arabs make up only 20% of the total Muslim population of the

world.

Muslims in AmericaMuslims in America

Muslim Culture in NYC

Muslim Culture in NYC

The Islamic Center, New York City