ISIS neutron and muon source: an insight inside the materials.
Transcript of ISIS neutron and muon source: an insight inside the materials.
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ISIS neutron and muon source:
an insight inside the
materials.
Diego Alba Venero
Observatorio de El roque de los
Muchachos, November 2019
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Acknowledgments
• Dr. Sabrina Gaertner (space ice)
• Dr. Adrian Hillier (muons and Isis
facts)
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Flammable
material
Non-flammable, flat(-ish) material
From primitive technology
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uHN60owoFoE
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“Vieja friendo huevos.” Diego Velázquez
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=19980800
Oil allows
temperature
control
Confined
heat
source
Material with
low specific
heat
Waterproof
and
concave
Sharp,
hard and
strong
Flexible,
strong
and light
Dull and robust
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Semiconductors LED
Piezoelectrics
Micelles
Composites
Magnets
High melting point materials
High performing glasses
Magnetron
+ Faraday
cage
Antibacterial surface
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Physics Nobel prices on
materials
• 2016 Topological materials
• 2014 Blue LED
• 2010 Graphene
• 2009 Optical fibres and CCD
• 2007 Giant Magneto Resistance
• 2003 Superfluidity and superconductivity
• 2001 Bose Einstein Condensate
• 2000 Semiconductor heterstructures and
integrated circuit
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?
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Understanding the science
•Where the atoms are?
•What the atoms do?
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Scattering!
•Where the atoms are? Diffraction
(elastic scattering)
•What the atoms do? Spectroscopy
(inelastic scattering)
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Scattering
• Balls
• Alpha particles (Rutherford)
• Electromagnetic radiation (X-rays, UV,IR…)
• Electrons (TEM, e-diffraction)
• Neutrons (ISIS, ILL, NIST, etc.)
• Muons (ISIS, PSI, etc.)
• Everything!
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By Kurzon - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index
.php?curid=32215297
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Why neutrons?
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Why neutrons?
A. Kaestner et al., PSI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VESM
U7JfVHU&feature=youtu.be
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Why neutrons?
• Charge ~0 e (<2x10-22
e)
• Magnetic moment: µN
= 9.66x10-27
JT-1
(spin = ½)
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235U fission (ILL, LLB, FMR II)
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ISIS
Spallation neutron
source
800 MeV proton beam
Neutrons produced
for 25 instruments
7 muon experimental
areas
2000 users/yr
~800 experiments/yr
~500 publications/yr
Free for UK users
Spallation (SNS, ISIS, ESS)
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Monitor the positron distribution to infer the muons’ polarisation after
implantation. Learn about the muons’ local environment or the muon
behaviour itself.
π+ → μ+
+ νμ4 MeV muons are
100% spin
polarised
Implantation,
(stopped in ~1mm
water)
Muons interact with
local magnetic
environment
Decay, lifetime 2.2μs
μ+ → e+ + ν
e+ νμ
we detect decay positrons
High energy protons
(800 MeV at ISIS)
collide with carbon nuclei
producing pions
The positrons are
preferentially
emitted in muon
spin direction
Muons
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2000
1960
1970
1990
1980
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Earth ScienceStudying ferropericlase helps understanding of earthquakes
Chemistrycatalyst for conversion of carbon
dioxide to cyclic carbonates
Cultural Heritageunderstanding molecular processes
of preservation of polychrome carved wood
Engineering3-D high speed tomography
Environmental ScienceElectric-field-induced phase transformations in lead-free piezoelectric ceramics
Life SciencesStructure and history of viruses
Physicsand
Materials ScienceMagnetic contrast imaging for
FeRh films
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Case of study: neutrons for
Astrochemistry
What do Å - nm scale
structures tell us about
planet formation?
Sabrina
Gaertner
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Acknowledgements
Jürgen Blum
Bastian Gundlach
Judy Ratte
Helen Fraser
Daniel Bowron
Tom Headen
Tristan Youngs
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Ice in Planetessimal Formation
Experime
nts
Observati
ons
Modelli
ng
Snow Lines
in Disks
Carrasco-Gonzalez
et al ApJ Lett
2016
van der Marel
et al
Science 2013
Protoplanetary
Disks
ESA/Rosetta/MPS NASA-JHUAPL-SwRI
Comets: low-density, fluffy grains Icy regolith (Pluto)
Qi et al
Science 2013
Cieza et al
Nature 2016
NASA/JPL-Caltech/R. Hurt (SSC)000
Protoplanetary
Disk
Collisions
Aggregation
Planetessimal
Formation
Sticking
Bouncing
Erosion
FragmentationMass Transfer
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Does Ice in Collisions Stick?
Ice is stickier than dust.
Warm ice is stickier than
cold ice.
Gundlach & Blum
ApJ 2015
Gärtner et al
ApJ 2017
Nothing sticks at
Proto-Planetary
Disk
temperatures.
Only micrometer-
sized ices or
aggregates stick.
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What is the structure of the collided ices?
30 mbar
100 – 250 K
… quickly &
smoothly …
… transfer
sample to
beam
Be ready at
beamline …
Transfer ice
into sample
cell
Spray water
into LN2
NIMROD
ISIS TS2
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Neutron Diffraction
Intensity:
Specific Surface Area
Slope:
Diffuse Interface
Peaks:
Crystalline
(Stacking Disordered)
Gärtner et al
ApJ 2017
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Results
100 K 150 K 200 K 250 K 300 K
Sticking
Threshold
150 K 200 K 250 K 300 K100 K
Specific
Surface Area Diffuse
Interface
150 K 200 K 250 K 300 K100 K
Ic + Ih + Ix IhIh + Ix
150 K 200 K 250 K 300 K100 K
Specific
Surface Area
Diffuse
Interface
Sticking
Threshold
Ic + Ih + Ix
Ih
Ih + Ix
Collision
Experiments
Neutrons:
Surface
Neutrons:
Crystalline
Ice Phase
Thicker diffuse interface
=
stickier particles!
Gundlach & Blum
ApJ 2015 Gärtner et al
ApJ 2017
Gärtner et al
ApJ 2017
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Thank you very much
for your attention!