ISHS Plum and Prune Symposium; Palermo, Italy 17.-19.03.08 1 The Effect of Foliar Fertilization with...
-
Upload
willis-benson -
Category
Documents
-
view
226 -
download
7
Transcript of ISHS Plum and Prune Symposium; Palermo, Italy 17.-19.03.08 1 The Effect of Foliar Fertilization with...
ISHS Plum and Prune Symposium; Palermo, Italy 17.-19.03.08
1
The Effect of Foliar Fertilization with Potassium and Magnesium on Fruit Quality in Plums (Prunus domestica L.)
Eivind Vangdal, Sigrid Flatland and Ingvild MehlBioforsk Vest Ullensvang, Norway
ISHS Plum and Prune Symposium; Palermo, Italy 17.-19.03.08
2
This presentation includes:
• Why use foliar fertilization
• Present status of major nutrients in plum and present recommendations for foliar fertilization in plums in Norway
• Results from field experiments
• Conclusions
ISHS Plum and Prune Symposium; Palermo, Italy 17.-19.03.08
3
Why use foliar fertilization?
• Strong focus on fruit quality
• Good foliar fertilizers are available
• Are fruit trees in high density orchards able to get the nutritients needed through their roots for optimum fruit quality?
ISHS Plum and Prune Symposium; Palermo, Italy 17.-19.03.08
4
Standard fertilization in plums in Norway:
• N-P-K mineral fertilizer on the soil in the spring Contains some calcium and magnesium and trace elements like Manganese, Boron, Zink etc.
5
Leaf analysis of plums:
Element Recommended range
Average in field experiment
Nirogen* 2,3 – 2,8 2,37
Phosphorus* 0,15 – 0,3 0,24
Potassium* 2,2 – 2,8 2,59
Calcium* 2,0 – 3,0 2,22
Magnesium* 0,25 – 0,40 0,31
Boron** 20 – 50
Manganese** 30 – 60
Zink** 20 - 150*) Per cent of DM; **)ppm of DM
ISHS Plum and Prune Symposium; Palermo, Italy 17.-19.03.08
6
Standard fertilization in plums in Norway:
• N-P-K mineral fertilizer (6-5-20 or 11-5-18) on the soil in the spring
• Foliar fertilization:– Calcium (every second week from two weeks after
petal fall until 2 weeks prior to estimated harvest date)
– Boron (once after harvest, once two weeks prior to flowering
– Nirogen (urea after harvest)
ISHS Plum and Prune Symposium; Palermo, Italy 17.-19.03.08
7
Field experiment with foliar fertilization with Mg and K
A: Foliar fertilization programme with N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, S, B, Mn, Zn (Reduced N-P-K on the ground)
Stadium week N P Ca Other nutrients
D / 54 16 3 kg urea
1 kg Cu
E2 / 57-58 18 3 kg urea
1 kg MAP 2 kg S + 1 kg Solubor
End of flowering
21 1 kg urea
1 kg MAP 2 kg S + 5 kg MgSO4
After flowering
24 1 kg urea
1 kg MAP 2,5 kg CaCl2 0,5 l Mantrac + 0,2 l Zintrac
27 2,5 kg CaCl2
30 2,5 kg CaCl2
31 3 kg MKP
33 2,5 kg CaCl2
Post-harvest
38 5 kg urea
1 kg MAP 5 kg MgSO4 + 0,5 l Mantrac
0,2 l Zintrac + 1 kg Solubor
Foliar fertilization programme:
ISHS Plum and Prune Symposium; Palermo, Italy 17.-19.03.08
9
Field experiment with foliar fertilization with Mg and K
• A: Foliar fertilization programme with N, P, K,
Ca, Mg etc. (in additon to N-P-K on the
ground)
• B: As A + 2 x 5 kg MgSO4 (week 24 and 27)
• C: As A + 2 x 3 kg MKP (week 29 and 32)• D: As A + both Mg and K as in C and D
• Cultivars: Avalon, Excalibur and Reeves
Results: yield, fruit size and colour
Yield
(tons/ha)
Fruit size (g)
Ground colour
Blush clour
Control 18,4 55 4,8 5,0
+ 2 x Mg 23,7 56 5,2 4,9
+ 2 x K 25,7 54 4,6 5,1
+ 2 x both Mg and K
18,9 51 4,4 4,6
P-value n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s.
Results: internal quality factors
Firmness Soluble solids
content
Titratable acidity
SSC:
acidity ratio
Control 73 12,3 1,26 9,64
+ 2 x Mg 73 12,1 1,26 9,55
+ 2 x K 74 12,1 1,26 9,57
+ 2 x both Mg and K
74 12,3 1,28 9,61
P-value n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s.
Results: leaf analysis
N P K Mg Ca
Control 2,37 0,25 2,56 0,32 2,30
+ 2 x Mg 2,36 0,22 2,5 0,32 2,26
+ 2 x K 2,36 0,23 2,72 0,30 2,18
+ 2 x both Mg and K
2,31 0,24 2,66 0,32 2,25
Results: fruit analysis
N P K Mg Ca
Control 0,74 0,15 1,33 0,070 0.140
+ 2 x Mg 0,74 0,15 0,98 0,070 0,090
+ 2 x K 0,77 0,13 1,23 0,043 0,063
+ 2 x both Mg and K
0,78 0,16 1,23 0,056 0,107
Results: yield, fruit size and colour
Yield
(tons/ha)
Fruit size (g)
Ground colour
Blush clour
Control 16,1 41 6,2 5,5
Foliar fertilizing programme
19,2 39 5,5 5,3
Results: internal quality factors
Firmness Soluble solids
content
Titratable acidity
SSC:
acidity ratio
Control 63 11,3 1,41 8,01
Foliar fertilizing programme
65 11,1 1,42 7,82
Results: fruit analysis
N P K Mg Ca
Control 0,83 0,16 1,33 0,069 0.140
Foliar fertilizing programme
0,99 0,11 0,99 0,045 0,090
ISHS Plum and Prune Symposium; Palermo, Italy 17.-19.03.08
17
Concluding remarks:
• The results shown in this presentations do not indicate strong effects of foliar application with Magnesium and Potassium
• Previous research and observations show good effects of foliar applications of Calcium, Boron (and in some situations) Nitrogen
• The fieled experiment with foliar fertilization with Mg and K will be repeated this year including studies of effects on shelf life of plums