Ishrat Islam Professor Department of Urban and Regional Planning Bangladesh University of...
Transcript of Ishrat Islam Professor Department of Urban and Regional Planning Bangladesh University of...
Wetland Management Strategies in MSDP Area
Ishrat IslamProfessor
Department of Urban and Regional Planning
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET)
Importance of Waterbodies and Wetland
Wetland is considered as one of the most important ecosystems on earth.
According to Ramsar Convention wetlands are defined as follows:
Wetlands include a wide variety of habitats such as marshes, peatlands, floodplains, rivers, and lakes, and coastal areas such as salt-marshes, mangroves, and sea grass beds but also coral reefs and other marine areas no deeper than six meters at low tide, as well as human made wetlands such as waste-water treatment ponds and reservoirs (Ramsar Convention Bureau, 2000)
Total Economic Value of Wetland
Direct Use Value
Indirect Use Value
Non-renewable/Irreversible
i.e. land filling
Renewable/
Managed
Agriculture Fishing
Natural Drainag
eTransport Active Recreati
on
Use Value Non-use Value
Option Value
Bequest Value
Storm water
retentionImprove water
QualityAir quality
Recreation/
education
Livelihood low income
Reduce Flood damage
Existence Value
i.e Preserving biodiversity
Future personal recreati
on
Future generation to enjoy
nature
Total conservation benefit
Total development benefit
Mymensingh Strategic Development Planning (MSDP) Area
MoU, UDD has been given a pilot project on “Preparing a Module for Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction Measures into Comprehensive Land Use Development Planning and Management for Mymensingh Strategic Development Planning (MSDP) Area”
The project areas constitutes Mymensingh municipality and surrounding 10 (ten) unions of with an area of about 27933.43 hectare
MSDP AreaHydrological Context
Mymensingh municipal area (located at center); northern part and western part of Mymensingh are located as such that is above 12.5 meter of flood water danger level.
Most of the places in Mymensingh are located below flood water danger level.
MSDP AreaHydrological Context
Almost entire area was flooded during 1988 and 1998. The flood map of 2009, 2010, 2011 shows low inundation. In these years mostly northern side of Mymensingh was badly affected by flood.
Mymensingh Strategic Development Plan (MSDP) (RuralArea)Hydrological Context
MSDP area is blessed with various categories of permanent and temporary wetlands which includes river, khals, irrigation canal, dighi, ponds, gher, marshy land, ditch area and lakes.
A huge stock of pond and marsh landIrrigation canalNetwork of khalsGher for fish cultivation
MSDP Area (Rural)Hydrological Context
Mymensingh has been one of the prominent rice and jute producing districts of Bangladesh.
Now a vast area of Jute/Rice fields has turned into ponds for fishery.
100% of the ponds and other water bodies of this region are perennial.
Mymensingh exports fish to other districts.
Taking lease of lands for fish farming is in practice. .
The sector is growing with backward and forward linkages.
Mymensingh Strategic Development Plan (MSDP) (RuralArea)Fisheries Sector
Mymensingh Pourashava AreaLanduse
Mymensingh Pourashava is the largest and most populous Pourashava of Mymensingh District.
It cover about 21.73 square kilometers. .
The Pourashava is agricultural based residential area (53.49%).
Land use category rea (sq.km.) Area (Acre) %
Residential 4.24 1047.35 40.03
Water bodies 3.01 743.67 28.42
Agriculture 1.43 352.24 13.46
Mixed Use 0.45 111.65 4.26
Transportation 0.31 77.88 2.97
Industrial 0.19 45.94 1.76
Open spaces 0.18 45.25 1.73
Administrative 0.16 38.61 1.47
Educational 0.15 37.6 1.44
Commercial 0.12 29.86 1.14
Restricted 0.12 29.08 1.11
Recreational 0.08 19.32 0.74
Places of Worship 0.05 11.4 0.44
Graveyard 0.04 9.72 0.37
Miscellaneous 0.04 9.22 0.35
Health 0.03 8.03 0.31
Total 10.59 2616.85 100
Mymensingh Pourashava AreaWaterbodies
Type Nos. Length (Km)Area
Acres %
Pond/Ditch 341 33871 88.46
Khal/canal 1 6.042 3456 9.03
River 1 962 2.51
Total 343 38289 100
Brahmaputra River passes through Mymensingh Pourashava and a large number of small and large water bodies have found in the Mymensingh Pourashava.
This river is a major natural resource for the city, particularly from recreational and transport perspectives.
No river flood problem but internal flood or water logging is common. Water logging because of absence of proper drainage system and
blockage of existing drains, haphazard expansion of settlements which obstructs the natural drainage system, poor and inadequate maintenance of existing river, khals, kutcha and pucca drains, unplanned construction of residential, commercial buildings, failure to preserve “right of away” for drains and disposal of solid wastes and garbage into the existing drainage system.
Under Second (UGIIP-II) project, the drainage master plan for Mymensingh Pourashava aims to develop the drainage to integrate storm water runoff, wastewater and road drains through primary, secondary and tertiary drains and natural streams so that they all function as an integrated system to prevent inundation and to reduce environmental contamination from wastewater.
Mymensingh Pourashava AreaDrainage Plan
Separation of sewage and storm waterEfficient collection and disposal of solid wasteRegulate land use and construction
Clear definition of different categories of water bodies.
Verification of the categories at ground level.
Particularly the size/shape and number of ponds is bit confusing.
Clarification of Collected Data
While undertaking wetland conservation program the policy makers would face the following basic queries.
What are the present function of the wetland?What is the ownership pattern?What areas should be conserved?What are the legal and institutional support?What would be the management strategies for the
conservation area? When and how to adopt the strategies?Who would carry out the strategies?
Policy Intervention to Ensure Wise Management of Wetland in MSDP area
Various socio-economic issues are associated with wetland management.
Moreover legal and institutional strength and setup is a prerequisite to manage waterbodies.
To develop wetland management strategies it is necessary involve the local people and different stakeholders because they are the users, beneficiaries, protectors or exploiters of wetland.
Benefits of existing waterbodies and threats of conservation.
Policy Intervention to Ensure Wise Management of Wetland in MSDP area
Ownership of waterbodies: Private/publicAccording to HC, river consists of a bed,
foreshores, and banks.District administrations to protect river foreshores with demarcation pillars, tree plantation and walkways.
Present functions/benefits of wetlandValuation of wetlandStakeholders involved with wetlandsTrend of loss/increase of wetland
Need for Necessary Data for Management of Wetland of MSDP area
Urbanization trend and impact on waterbodiesPollution(if any) types and sourcesGrowing fisheries sector and its impacts from
socio-economic and environmental point of view.Network of waterbodies and scope of integrating
waterbodies in urban and rural landscapeInstitutional role and legal strength to manage
wetlands.Peoples’ perception regarding management of
wetland
Need for Necessary Data for Management of Wetland of MSDP area
Wetland ManagementActs and Policies of Bangladesh
Waterbody Conservation Act 2000Environment Policy 1992 National Environment Management Action Plan
(NEMAP) 1995
Sectoral Plan and Policies such asFlood Action Plan 1989National Fisheries Policies 2009National Water PolicyJalmahal Policy 2009
Dimensions of Development Management Plan and Measures in Relation to Wetland Protection in MSDP Area
Thank You