Isd basics stc
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Instructional Design Basics: Teaming Information Development and Training Development
John McGloon, MATC
“Breaking out of writing into Instructional Design”• Learn some theory• Learn some models• Look at examples• Find opportunities to practice• Find a mentorDeb Lockwood, presentation at STC 2007
“Breaking out of writing into Brain Surgery”• Learn some theory• Learn some models• Look at examples• Find opportunities to practice• Find a mentorJohn McGloon, just now
After this session you will be able to:
• Recognize key elements of the definition of instructional design
• Explain a performance gap• Draw and describe the ADDIE model• Recognize key components of an Instructional
Design Plan• Describe effective ways for information
developers to team up with instructional designers and trainers
What is Instructional Design?A Science:The science of creating detailed specifications for
the development, implementation,
evaluation, and maintenance of situations that facilitate the learning of both large and small units of subject matter at all levels of complexity.
What is Instructional Design?A Discipline:The branch of knowledge concerned with research and theory about instructional strategies and the
process for developing and implementing those strategies.
What is Instructional Design?A Process:The systematic development of instructional specifications using learning and instructional theory to ensure the quality of instruction…the entire process of analysis of learning needs and goals and the development of a delivery system to meet those needs. It includes development of instructional materials and activities; and tryout and evaluation of all instruction and learner activities.
One view: ADDIE Model
Analyze
Design
Develop
Implement
Evaluate
Psychology
Anatomy
Physiology
Performance Gap
Desired
PerformanceActual
Performance
Zero
ADDIE Model
Design
Evaluate
Analyze
Develop
Implement
ADDIE sample tasks and outputs
Create a Task Matrix
RolesRoles
TasksTasks
Create a task matrix
• Use requirements documents to predict tasks• Consider roles or personas• Determine “high priority” tasks
• Risk?• Frequency?• Other factors?
Develop from a Task Matrix
Roles
Tasks
Other models
Needs analysis
Desired
PerformanceActual
Performance
gap
Zero
Conduct a needs analysis
• To determine the performance gap• Possible solutions
• To provide a basis of measurement• To gain management support
DeficiencyIn Job
Performance
Nev
er
per
form
ed
we
llUse
d to
perfo
rm w
ell
Problem
tasks rarely
performed
Prob
lem
task
s
freq
perfo
rmed
Plan practice
Retrain
Supply a
ManualSupply
Job AidsEnlarge the job
Enrich the
job
No obvious
consequences Poor
performance
rewarded
Plan feed-back of results
Increase rewards
for good
perfor-
mance
Elimin
ate
rewar
ds
for p
oor
perfo
r-m
ance
Good perfor-mance punished
Elim
inat
e pu
nish
men
tIn
crea
se
puni
shm
ent
for
non-
perf
Methods or
equipment defic
ient
Replan the
Equip or
workspace
Replan work
methods/
sequence
Def
icie
nt
man
agem
ent
syst
ems
Reorg Manage-ment systems
Reorgresponsi- bilities
Lacks pre-
requisites
Has prerequisites
Te
llin
g/
show
ing
On
job
tra
inin
g
For
mal
in
stru
ctio
n (c
ours
e)Te
ach
Pre-re
qs
Reassign/transfer
Restructurejob
Staffing
Work Study
Information System
Org
aniz
atio
n +
Met
hod
Training
Motivation S
ystems (C
ontingency Managem
ent)
Designing Instructional SystemsA.J. Romiszowski 1981
The Instructional Design Plan• Covers the basic phases of ADDIE
• (see sample outputs)• May include additional details, as required
ADDIE sample tasks and outputs
Gagne’s nine instructional events1. Gaining attention (reception) 2. Informing learners of the objective (expectancy) 3. Stimulating recall of prior learning (retrieval) 4. Presenting the stimulus (selective perception) 5. Providing learning guidance (semantic encoding) 6. Eliciting performance (responding) 7. Providing feedback (reinforcement) 8. Assessing performance (retrieval) 9. Enhancing retention and transfer (generalization)
Example: Recognize an equilateral triangle1. Gain attention - show variety of computer generated triangles 2. Identify objective - pose question: "What is an equilateral
triangle?" 3. Recall prior learning - review definitions of triangles 4. Present stimulus - give definition of equilateral triangle 5. Guide learning- show example of how to create equilateral 6. Elicit performance - ask students to create 5 different examples 7. Provide feedback - check all examples as correct/incorrect 8. Assess performance- provide scores and remediation 9. Enhance retention/transfer - show pictures of objects and ask
students to identify equilaterals
Information Development and Instructional Design• How can technical writers, instructional
designers, and trainers work better together?
Ideal Partners
• In the best circumstances, instructional designers and technical communicators are both considered part of the information-development team.
CIDM Information Management News July 2007
Develop unified user profiles• Because they work regularly with actual users,
classroom trainers are an invaluable source of information to build in-depth user profiles.
• Trainers, instructional designers, and information developers need to participate in analyzing users and constructing mutually agreed upon profiles.
Effective collaboration: training and information development Combine forces: single organization under unified management
Launch joint development & define all deliverables from a common source
Manage jointly or alternate management Gather user profiles based on a common
understanding of user needs Decide the role of training, documentation, and
help during designCIDM Information Management News July 2007
Developing training as part of information development• Instructional designer writes IDP • Agree on user profiles• Establish objectives together• Develop during product development
• Content reuse opportunity• Co-develop with writers and instructional
designers• Establish measures of effectiveness
Review• Recognize key elements of the definition
of instructional design• Explain a performance gap• Draw and describe the ADDIE model• Recognize key components of an
Instructional Design Plan• Describe effective ways for information
developers to team up with instructional designers and trainers