Isaiah
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22-Oct-2014 -
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Transcript of Isaiah
![Page 1: Isaiah](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54474f14b1af9f02148b4638/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Isaiah
![Page 2: Isaiah](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54474f14b1af9f02148b4638/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Biographical Details
• Isaiah = God has Saved• Born ca.760, son of
Amoz• Inhabitant of Jerusalem,
where he practices his ministry
• Ministry during the reign of four kings – Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah
• No mention of his name after 1:1
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Difficulties With the Text• Ch. 1-39 – 8th reflect the
situation of 8th century B.C.
• Ch. 40-66 – appear to address people after the fall of Jerusalem in exile (6th Century)
• 56-66 seems to address a community returned from exile (after 538)
• The material in the text seems to cover a period of 207 years or more. The United States is 233 years old.
![Page 4: Isaiah](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54474f14b1af9f02148b4638/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Historical Context
• Syro-Ephraimite War• Assyrian Invasion• Conquest of Jerusalem and Exile• Return from Exile• Isaiah of Jerusalem is alive for the
first two of these periods
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Syro-Ephraimite War• Israel (Northern Kingdom) is
often called Ephraim in reference to its largest tribe
• 745 BC – Tilgath-pileser III begins conquering lands west of Assyria, including Israel, Judah, and Syria.
• Ahaz becomes king Ca. 740 – pressure from Pekah, King of Israel, and Rezin, King of Syria, to join alliance against Assyria – Ahaz refuses.
• Syria and Judah attempt to depose Ahaz
• Ahaz turns to Assyria for help – Syria and Israel are defeated – Judah becomes a vassal to Assyria
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The Assyrian Invasion• Assyria expands in influence
in the area taking control of Syria and Israel, which fell in 722
• 705 – Hezekiah (Judah) revolts, and seeks help of Egypt, which fails to materialize
• 701 - Sennacherib of Assyria retaliates, destroying much of the Southern Kingdom, and is convinced to spare Jerusalem only because he is promised even higher tribute
![Page 7: Isaiah](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54474f14b1af9f02148b4638/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Conquest and Exile• Over the next century, Assyria
influence begins to wane• 612 – Babylon conquers
Assyrian capital of Nineveh – International power struggle is now between Egypt and Babylon
• 605 – Egypt defeated by Babylon and Judah falls under Babylon’s control
• Zedekiah, the last King of Judah revolts
• Babylon invades and eventually lays siege to Jerusalem
• 586 the city is sacked, the temple destroyed, and the majority of the people were sent into exile
![Page 8: Isaiah](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54474f14b1af9f02148b4638/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Restoration
• 6th Century, Babylon faces pressure from Persia
• 539 – Cyrus of Persia defeats Babylon
• Jews are given leave to return to their homes – Many do so
![Page 9: Isaiah](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54474f14b1af9f02148b4638/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Themes of Isaiah
• God’s providence – He is behind all historical events (10:5; 41:25)
• Sufficiency of God alone to protect his people
• Importance and Centrality of Jerusalem – Right Worship
![Page 10: Isaiah](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051322/54474f14b1af9f02148b4638/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Messianic Expectation
• Arrival of God’s anointed (9:1-6)
• Associated with Right worship (2:1-4)
• Restoration of the Temple
• Peace – Eutopia (11:6-9)
• Inclusion of people previously excluded (56:2-5)
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Items of Theological Consequence for the New Testament
• 7:1-16 – The Virgin shall bear a child
• Virgin = Young woman?
• Curds and Honey – Hard to get during a siege
• Before weaning – w/in three years, the siege will end and the Northern Oppressor will be defeated
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The Suffering Servant
• Chap 42• Chap. 53
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A Word on Biblical Authorship
• Scripture is first and foremost about God
• It has two authors, one human and one divine
• The human author may not have known the divine intention of God
• Simply to know the intention of the human author is not to know the intention of the Scripture.
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Isaiah Summarized
• The Lord will fulfill his ideal for Israel by purifying his people through judgment and then restoring them to a renewed relationship in the covenant. He will establish Jerusalem as the center of his worldwide kingdom and reconcile once hostile nations to himself.