Is Sacred Architecture the Pinnacle of History of Building Technology?
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Transcript of Is Sacred Architecture the Pinnacle of History of Building Technology?
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Is Sacred Architecture the Pinnacle of History of Building
Technology?
Kate Ward
ARCH 649
Fall 2003
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Secular Influences the Sacred
Crystal CathedralBy Philip JohnsonGarden Grove, CA
Church of the LightBy Tadao AndoIbaraki, Osaka, Japan
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Crystal Cathedral vs. Church of the Light
Crystal Cathedral Church of the LightFaith Christian Christian
Function Church Chapel
Time 1977-1980 1988
Location Garden Grove, CA, USA Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
Form Long, 4-pointed star plan
Long, rectilinear plan
BuildingTechnology
Glazed space frame walls and roof
Reinforced concrete with glass wall
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Crystal Cathedral: Faith
Faith: Christian Faith influence on form: plan is based on Latin cross, with shorter
nave and longer transept to bring people closer to the chancel Home of the nationally televised “Hour of Power”
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Crystal Cathedral: Function
Function: Church Also functions as a television
studio, so the building must have a certain light set-up, possibly a certain sound set-up as well
Complex also has a advanced audio studio and television studio
Giant doors open to parking lot to allow building to function as a drive-in church as well
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Crystal Cathedral: Time
Time: 1980 Televangelism was growing
stronger, and had no scandals yet Bell Tower was added for the
tenth anniversary of the cathedral. It was also designed by Philip Johnson
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Crystal Cathedral: Location
CA: climate influence on BTUrban/suburban
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Crystal Cathedral: Form
Form: Long, 4-pointed star plan, tent-shaped elevation Form gives the church its popular name: “Crystal Cathedral” Building measures 207 by 415 ft, with a maximum height of 128 ft
(12 stories) Seats about 3,000, plus 1,000 more in the chancel
***Add floor plan and exterior view
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History of Space Frames
Alexander Graham Bell was one of the first to experiment with the structures that eventually became space frames. He developed kites and a 24 meter high tower during his experiments.
Early proto-space frames include the Eiffel Tower and many bridges
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Proto-Space Frames
Early proto-space frames include the Eiffel Tower and many bridges
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Crystal Cathedral: Building Technology
Influenced by Crystal PalaceOther similar glass buildingsHistory of glass buildingsClimatic systems
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Church of the Light: Faith
Faith: Christian Faith influence on form:
longitudinal plan for processionals
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Church of the Light: Function
Function: Chapel Building is an addition to an
earlier wooden structure
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Church of the Light: Time
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Church of the Light: Location
Location: Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan Tightly-packed residential
neighborhood Very small space Location influences form
L-shaped wall separates church from busy surroundings
No good views, so the windows are minimal – only the distinctive narrow cross window and a window opening into the L-shaped wall
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Church of the Light: Location
Entrance is from the back, and is not direct – must turn 180 degrees to face the front of the building
Window opening to wall
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Church of the Light: Form
Form: Long, rectilinear plan “The building can be described simply as a bare concrete box with a
wall cutting through it at a 15 degree angle. “ Proportion: 1:3:1 – rectangle can hold 3 spheres, each 5.9 meters in
diameter
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Church of the Light: Building Technology
Influenced by Le Corbusier (Ronchamp)History of reinforced concrete
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Bibliography
Yusheng, Liao. Church of the Light - Tadao Ando. 8 Dec. 2003 <http://www.rhapsody.com/travel/image.php?church_light>.
Wayne, Gary. The Crystal Cathedral (photo 1). Seeing Stars. 8 Dec. 2003 <http://www.seeing-stars.com/ImagePages/CrystalCathedralPhoto2.shtml>
http://www.myoc.com/community/religion/ schuller.shtml
http://www.relst.uiuc.edu/Courses/ 110/LaytonOL.html
http://www.crystalcathedral.org/about/history.html
http://www.nationalchristianchoir.org/ gallery.html
http://www.shaverfamily.org/gallery/gallerywalk.php?alb=rrtour2002&pic=14
http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Garden_Grove_Church.html
http://www.richmangalleries.com/arch_bridges.htm
http://www.civilzone.com/photo/truss16.html
http://www.rhapsody.com/travel/image.php?church_light
http://architecture.mit.edu/~barandon/4.203/overview_page.htm
http://www.geocities.com/arquique1/ando/andocl.html
http://www.arch.mcgill.ca/prof/mellin/arch671/winter2000/mchan/precedents/ando.html
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Bibliography (cont.)