INFORMATION

SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION TO

INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Prepared by: Jan Wong

The Learning Outcome

s Understand what on

earth is an Information System

Know the components of an Information System

The Keyword

s

• Data vs Information

• Systems

• Decision

• Valuable

• Hardware

• Software

• People

• Procedure

Back to Basics

What is a computer?

• An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory;Accepts data (Input)

Raw facts, figures and symbols

Processes data into information (Process)

Data that is organized, meaningful and useful for decision making

Produces results (Output)

Stores the results (Storage) for future use

Back to Basics

What is an Information System?

• To provide accurate, timely and useful informationEach element must be present

and all of the elements must work together

• The Information System consists of FIVE PARTS which include: people, procedures, software, hardware, and data

The 5 Elements of I.S.

#3: PEOPLE

#4: PROCEDURES

#5: DATA

#1: HARDWARE #2: SOFTWARE

or INFORMATION

It is defined as; any electric, electronic and mechanical components contained in a computer

• Examples :Monitor

Keyboard

Printers

Thumb drive

Hard disk

Scanner

The Elements

#1: HARDWARE

It is defined as; series of instructions that tells a computer what to do and how to do it

• Examples :Operating systems

Application software

Word processing

Spreadsheet

Database

Presentation graphics

Custom software

or any other software used in an organisation

The Elements

#2: SOFTWARE

A user is a person who communicates with a computer or uses the information that it generates

• Skilled

• Up-to-date IT knowledge

• Train users

The Elements

#3: PEOPLE

It is defined as; an instruction or set of instructions a user follows to accomplish an activity

• Example :User manual

Data entry

Step-by-Step

The Elements

#4: PROCEDURE

DATA

• Data (singular=datum) are raw facts

• Data has no inherent meaning

• Data cannot be used for making decision

INFORMATION

• Processed data that conveys meaning and useful to people

• It is used for making decision

• Examples : Employee payroll report

Student grade sheet

Telephone bill statement

The Elements

#5: DATA /INFORMATION

“I.S. is to help in

decision making” In other

words…

Huh? Decision Making?

Improve productivity

Monitor organisational performance

Planning and decision making

Competitive advantage

SIX Qualities

of ValuableInfo

Accuracy

• Error free

• Inaccurate information can lead to incorrect decisions

Verifiable

• User can conform and verify the information

• Can be proven as correct or incorrect

Timely

• Has an age suited to its use

SIX Qualities

of ValuableInfo

Organised

• Information is arranged to suit the needs and requirements of the users

Meaningful

• Relevant to the user who receives or uses it

• Unnecessary information must be eliminated

Cost effective

• The cost to produce the information should be less than the actual cost of the information

Types of Information Systems

• Transaction Processing Systems

• Management Information System

• Decision Support Systems

• Knowledge Management Systems

• Database Management Systems

• Office Information Systems

• Etc..

More Example

s

APIIT / UCTI

• Timetable

• Learnfinity

• Student Records

Booking & Reservations

• Air Asia

• GSC

• Hotels

• Book Stores

Supply Chain

• Hypermarkets

Questions,

anyone?

Chapter 2:

Introduction to

Database

Management