Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

इंटरनेट मानक

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”Jawaharlal Nehru

“Step Out From the Old to the New”

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार”Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

“The Right to Information, The Right to Live”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता है”Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam

“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

है”ह”ह

IS 2386-7 (1963): Methods of Test for Aggregates forConcrete, Part VII: Alkali Aggregate Reactivity [CED 2:Cement and Concrete]

ls:2sss (Putv’5)-196s

Indian StandardMETHODS OF

TEST FOR AGGREGATES FOR CONCRETEPART WI ALKALI AGGREGATE REACTIVITY

Cement and Concrete Sictional Committee,BDC 2R#prumtiq

SHU K. K. N-m The Oancrete Association of Indis, Bombav

Mmtbtrs

SHm K. V. TUAOANEY (.41km.tc taShri K. K. Nambiar)

SHIU K. F. ANTIA M. N, Dam.r & Go Private Ltd , Calcutta

SHRI P. S. BHATNAWU! Blxtkra Dam Designs Directorate, New Delhi

DE L C. DOS M. Pus CUDDOU Central Wster “& Power Canmission (Ministry

& Power)

SMIU Y. K. MURTHY (A&nud8)

SHaI N. D. Dumwx Khira Steel Works Private Ltd , Bombay

Snru N. G. DEWAN Central Public Works Depwtment

SUPUUWENDINO ENO:NEER, 2ND CtitGLB (~knwh)

of Irrigstitln

h R. R. H,SI-IT.ANOAIX The .AasoAted Cement CompaoiU Ltd , Bombay

SiIm V. N. PAI (AkntaIc)

SHitl P. C. HAZR.4 Geological SUIVey of India, Calcutta

JOINT Dwmxon STAMWUUX (B & S) Rcsearcb, Deigns & Staridartis Organization (Miniatw of

Railways)

AUM,ANT”DI.EXXOJI STAND.ARLM(B & S) (Alimteu) .SHRI S. B. JOSH: S. B. Jmhi & C% Private Ltd , Bombay

S*WU M. M..LAL U. P. Government Cement Factory, Ch.rk

SHRI B. N. MAJUMDAX Directorate Genersl of Supplies & Disposals (Mioistry ok’

I!konomic & Defence Co-ordination)

SHN P. L. DAS (Alkrnizk)

PROF S. R. MC.HIIA Central Road Research Institute (CSIR), New DelM

SHRI N. H. MOHtLE The Concrete Asw&ation of India, Bombay

SHIU S. N. MUKERJI Government Test HOUYC, Calcutta

SI?W N. C. SEN GUPTA (Ahmati)SHRI ERACH A. NADWLSHAH Institution of Engineers (India), Calcutta

SHJIJ C. B. PATIX National Buildings Organisation (Miniitq of Wwkt, Housing

& Rehabilitation)

SHRI RABINDER SINOH (r4ffmMtt)

%lOP ~. s. RAUASWAUY Central Building Research Institute (CSI R), Roorkee

.s~w K. SWA PRASAD (Affmwti)

SHIM T. N. S. RAO G —n India Ltd , Bombay

SHR! S. R. PINHEIRO (Alhmak)

(Ctndirwed on Page 2)

INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTIONIUANAIC BHAVAN, 9 BAHADU= S- WAR MARC

NEw DBLEI1

xs:2386(Part x7m-19f33

(Continwfjh #age 1)

Mnm6m R@Jmlis6

REPItESENTAmW Martin Bum Ltd , Calcut@

SnnJ Nuu.x Cw.NnU ROY Dalmia Cement (Bbarat) Ltd , Calcutta

S15mTAXY @tml B4@ of Irrigation & Power (MinisW of Irrigation

& Power)

BIUO G. S; SnfO’rA Engineer.in-CMef’s Br*O+ AITOY H~~qua*m

.%m R. S. M81u??DRu (.4h8m.4)

DR BII. SOIULAMJU Indian Roads Con@’e=, NCW ~M

SW J. M. TNWS\

R@3~ Wing, -Xw Of Tra~P~ & COmm~icatim

SHnt N. H. KE8WANI (Akntak)

DR H. C. VIIVDWARAYA, Director, 1S1 (Ex-o& Mm&r)DCPUty Dkctor (Bldg)

&crdmy.%m A. PtUTXM RAJ

Extxa Asiitant Director(Bldd,IsI

Concrete .%tbcommitle%WC 2:2

ComlowrSHRI S.B. JosH[

Mmhrs

AMISTANTDnumron STAND- (E k S)

SmU N. H. BMACWANANI

RK 1. CL Do: M. PAU Cumov

%iR[ Y. K. MoxmtY (Akmnak)

SHJU P. L. DAs

SHK1 B. N. mJUMUAU (~~ti)

DIRIICCOR

-SWU V. N. GUNAJi

SHIU M. A. HAFECZ

SHRI B. S. SIIN’AUUUTHY (Afkmati)Sum C. L. H.UWA

SHm P. C. HAZUA

SIIm K. K. Ti-aS.mI C. L. N. IYENGAU (Mt#rn4)

Dn M. L. ,Yum

PRoF G. S. RAMAIWAMV

SH~ K. SWJA Pm&m (Akin@

SMn, T. N. S. RAO

%ta[ S. R. Rmmtxo (A14ma14

su— DINO ENOINIEii, 2ND CmcMZ

SmaI O, P. Cow (Affmno@

SimJ J. M. TWHAN

Smu R. P. SnxA (Akmab)

SHIU H. T. YAN

S. B. Joahi & Co Private Ltd , Bombay

Rmemch, Designs & Standards Organization (Ministry or

Railways)

Engioeer-in.Chie~: Branch, Army Headquartm

CentraJ Water & Power Commission (Mioistry of Irrigation

& Power)

Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals (Ministry of

Economic & Dcfencc Co-ordination)

Lngi;eering Research Laboratory, Hyderabad

Malmrubtia PubIiu Works Department

NtdionaJ Build-s Organisation (Minioxy of Works, Housing

& Rehabtitation)

Central Water & Power Co mmi.tion (Ministry of Irrigatkm

& Power)

GZOlogicsJ Survey of India, Calcutta

Tbe Concrete Association of India, Bombay

Central Road Rescamh Institute (CSIR), New Delhi

CentraJ Building Rcsearcll Imtitute (CSIR), Roorkc.c

Gammon India Ltd , Bombay

Central Public Works JAm8rtment

Rods Wing, Minituy of Tmmpmt & Cammuaicatiom

Bnithtite Bum & k=aP Ckuutmction Co M , Calcutta

2

J

IS : 23S6 (Part VII) -1963

Indian ~StandardMETHODS OF

TEST FOR AGGREGATES FOR CONCRETEPART Vll ALKALI AGGREGATE REACTIVITY

O. FOREWORD

0.1 This Indian Standard (Part VII) was adopted by the Indian StandardsInstitution on 24 September 1963, after the draft finalized by the Cementand Concrete Sectional Committee had been approved by the BuildingDivision Council.

0.2 One of the major contributing factors to the quality of concrete is thequality of aggregates used therein. The test methods given in this standardare intended to assist in assessing the quality of-aggregates. In a givensituation, for a particular aggregate, it may not be necessary to assess allthe qualities, and, therefore, it is necessary to determine beforehand thepurpose for which a concrete is being used and the qualities of the aggregatewhich require to be assessed. Accordingly, the relevanttest methods maybechosen from amongst the various tests covered in this standard. For theconvenience of the users, the -test methods are grouped into the followingeight par~ of InQian Standard Methods of Test for Aggregates for Concrete(1S : 2386-1963).

Part I Particle Size and Shape

Part 11 Estimation of Deleterious Materials and Organic Impurities

Part III Specific Gravity, Density, Voids Absorption and Bulking

Part -IV Mechanical Properties

Part V Soundness

Part VI Measuring Mortar Making Properties of Fine Aggregate

Part VII Alkali Aggregate Reactivity

Part VIII Petrographic Examination

0.3 The Sectional Committee responsible for the preparation of this standardhas taken into consideration the views of concrete specialists, testingauthorities, consumers and technologists and has retated the standard to thepractices followed in this country, Further, the need for international co-ordination among standards prevailing in different countries of the worldhas also been recognized. These considerations led the Sec.ional Committee

3

Isrz3$6(Part vlI)-1963 ‘

to derive assistance from the published standards and publications of theArncriean Society for Testing and Materials.

0.4 Wherever a reference to any Indian Standard appears in these methods,it shall be taken as a reference to its latest version.

-0.5 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of thisstandard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressingthe result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance withIS :2-1960 Rules for Rounding Off Numerical Values (Raid). Thenumber of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be thesame as that of the specified value in this standard.

04 This standard is intended chiefly to cover the technical provisionsrelating to testing of aggregates for concrete, and it does not include allthe necessary provisions of a contract.

1. SCOPE

1.1 This standard (Part VII) covers the following two methods of test fordetermining the potential reactivity of aggregates:

a) Determination of Potential Alkali Reactivity of Cement-AggregateCombinations (Mortar Bar Method);

b) Determination of Potential Reactivity of Aggregates (ChemicalMethod).

2. DETERMINATION OF POTENTIAL ALKALl REACTIVITY OFCEMENT-AGGREGATE COMBINATIONS (MORTAR BARMETHOD)

2.1 Object — This method of test covers the determination of the potentialexpensive Alkali reactivity of cement-aggregate combinations by measuringthe expansion developed by the combinations in mortar bars during storageunder prescribed conditions of test.

2.2 Apparatus — The apparatus shall consist of the following:

a) Scales — The seal es used in weighing materials for mortar mixturesshall conform to the following requirements:

On scales in use, the peniissible variation at a load of 2000 gshall be +2”0 g. The permissible variation on new scales shallbe one half of this value. The sensibility reciprocal shall be notgreater than twice the permissible variation.

b) Weights — The permissible variations on weights med in weighingmaterials for mortar mixtures shall be as in Table 1. Thepermissible

4

Is:23a6(PBrt vsx)-1963

v+$~~i~ on new weights sh~ M one half of the valua given h

TABLE I PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS ON WXGHTS

WEIGHT %RMXSSIBLEVAIISATIONSONWEIONI% INUSE,

PLusOR Mmua

g g

1000900 w750 040500 0.35

0.30E 0.25200 0,20100 0.1550 0.1020 0.0510 004

0.032 0.021 001

c)

d)

e)

&OCJ — Squ~re-hole, woven wire cloth sieves conforming toIS : 460-1962 Specification for Test Sieves (Revised).

Glass Graduates — Glass graduates of 200 ml capacity used for measur-ing the mixing water shall be calibrated at 20°C with a permissiblevariation of +2 ml. These graduates shall be subdivided to atleast 5 ml. The main graduation lines shall be circles and shall benumbered. The least graduations shall extend at least one-~eventhof the way around, and intermediate graduations shall extend atleast one-fifih of the way around. The graduation lines may beomitted for the lowest 10 ml.

S’ecimen Moulai — Moulds may be either single or double (seeFig. 1 and 2). The single mould is preferred. Moulds shall providefor 25x 25 mm’ test specimens of 250 mm effective gauge length.The eflkctive gauge length shall be considered as that length betweenthe -innermost points of the gauge studs. The parts of the mouldsshall be tight-fitting and firmly held together when assembled.The moulds shall be made of steel or other hard metal not readilyattacked by the cement paste. The sides of the moulds shall besufficiently rigid to prevent spreading or warping. Each endplate of the moulds shall be equipped to hold properly m place,during the setting period, a metal gauge stud (see Fig. 1 and 2)having a diameter of 6?3 mm (w Note). The gauge studs shall be

5

IS :2386 (Part VII) -1963\

set so that their principal axes coincide with the principal axis of thetest specimen, and shall extend into the specimen 15“0 &O.5 mm.The distance between the inner ends of the gauge studs shallbe 250+2.5 mm. The width and height of the moulds, measuredseparately for each specimen compartment, shall be 25 -&O.75 mmboth for new moulds and for moulds in use.

I$OTE — Stainless steel gauge studs of some compositions have corroded under theconditions of use required in this test method.

f) .14ixing Bowl — The mixing bowl shall be of stainless steel. Itshall have a capacity of 5 to 8 litres and shall conform in shape anddimensions to Fig. 3.

g) Tamper –- The tamper shall be made of a non-absorptive, non-abrasive material, such as medium-hard rubber or seasonedoak wood rendered non-absorptive by immersion for 15 min inparaffin at approximately 200”C , and shall have a cross section of12.5 x 25 mm and a convenient length (125 or 150 mm). Thetamping face of the tamper shall be flat and at right angles to thelength of the tamper.

h) Trowel — The trowel shall have a steel blade 100 to 150 mm inlength, with straight-edges.

j) Containers — Covered containers for storing the test specimens shallbe constructed of material, that is, resistant to corrosion under theconditions of use, They shall be so constructed that, when used forstoring specimens, the loss of moisture is prevented by tight-fittingcovers or by sealing, or by both. Provisions shall be made fors~pporting the bars in a vertical position with the lower end of thebar approximately 25 mm above the surface of water in the container..The weight of the specimen shall not be supported on the metalgauge stud. Spacers shall be provided to insure that the specimensdo not touch the sides of the containers or each other. Provisionsshall be made to prevent water splas~g and condensate drippingonto. the specimens.

k) Length Gm@arator — The comparator for measuring the length changeshall be of such design as to provide or permit the following charac-teristics (we Note l):

1) A positive means of contact with the stud that will insure re-producible measurements of length.

2) A high-grade dial micrometer or other measuring device gradua-ted to read in 0.002 mm units, and accurate within 0.002 mm inany 0.02 mm range, and within 0.004 mm in any 0.25 mm range(see Note 2).

3) Sufficient range in the measuring device to allow for small varia-tions in the gauge length of various specimens (see Note 3).

6

IS : 23S6 (Part VII) -1963

t,~PLAN OF DOUEILE MOULD

tlfJPLAN OF SINGLE MOULD

[GAUGE STUD

CLEAN-OUT HOLE

HOLDER ~ ~GAuGE LENGTH 250 t 2.s+J

4GAUGE STUO

SPACER SCREW Jy--t+ 280~j+

[ ~320——————+BASE PLATE

PITCii DIAMETER AFTERPOLISH MAX 6.324 AND MIN 6.210

s;;%’’’’L$go

ENLARGED DETAIL OF GAUGE STUD GAUGE STUD HOLDER

------ -, ---- /-BASE PLATE

Ie5 -.?-

Ll!i E

----

-----,,~354 ~ GAUGE STUD

SPACER SCREW

-. -,..-

\/rGAUGE s7uoSPACER SCREW

IiFHEr=: “j5_ ,,=,

l-u-lDOUBLE MOULD END PLATE SiNGLE MOiJLD END PLATE

All dimensions in millimetres.

FIG. 1 MOWLDSUsmC) KNURLED AND TISREADED GAUGE STUDS

7

Ist2386(Part vlx) -1963

I+PLAN OF DOUBLE MOULD

L)o PLAN OF .SINGLE MOULD

l------250’ 2”5—————lII

5

1- 290——————+ELEVATION OF MOULD

6*3 #

APPROXIMATEE LYtiEM1-SPHERICAL ANO

4rre4

‘+3SMOOTH

ENLARGEO DETAIL OF GAUGE STUD

9A ~:EPAT E

\ /f

00WE1. PINS PRESSFITTED IN END PLATE ,/-BA~:R;t#E

‘“lit..-----

e5 :=:--

L -------. iikHE‘---7,, -.=-,;

L3S4 ~LOOSE FIT HOLESFOR GA”GEST”D~ ’354

DOUBLE MOULD SINGLE MOULDEND PLATE ENO PLATE

Ncmt 1 — Tolerances on 25 mm cross-sectional dimensions of the moulds shaU be +0.75,,mm.NOTW2 — Gauge studs shall penetrate spckimens not Iessthan 15.0 mm or more than 16.5 mm.

All dimensions in millimetrcs.Fm. 2 Mouws UsrNo SMOOTHGAWE Smrm

8

Iss2sni@utvJ I)-1963

.+—.+5?5..0--4

Fm. 3 Mtxmo kWL

4) Means for checking the measuring device at regular intervalsagaihst k standa$daf twferwtce (sss Notes 4 and 5).

5) Gonvcnient and rapid measurement of specimens.

N- 1 — Sketch of one type @f instrument that has been found satisfactory k shownin@@ 4. In thin inatru~, the contact s@aces are-provided by slightly rounded[y) machiocd and PMdqxb tm the qwge studs m the specimen,and by plane,_ -ace heat.treated termmalg of the mstrunaent. The-terminals shall be tittcdwitkdiars 10 mm to 12”5 mm Joq and having an inside diameter 0.5 mm ptert.kkn- ~ diametm<of *C ~~ Of*e gauge studs that must fit into the collars.?llteadl~shall -behe.ld mplacc witha set screw.

1%’rtt2-It”il rcconunendcd that the mkrometcr or other measuring dcvicc becalibrated throu#out ite-ngc so datermirm both the periodic and the cumulative errrxy,

.wtht ~,ancrcdons -n be a@ird to the observed data.

* 3’- If ‘tie gauT

studs ‘kc tit carefully to pmition, a dial micrometer witha -w!. M tith than .5 mm provides ampk range in the instrument.

NH” 4 -’The bti ‘hat s+r+kk as a rdkncc ~or the dial gauge setting shall have an#l Iengt!k d 290+ 1.5 mm. The bar *I be of aby steel having a mcffitientoFtkhai~brinot@ata tk 2 mWaUcrons per miilhnetre p degree centigrade.Iktthmttd. dxddbc maddaatl M the-? ahapc & the smntact end of a gauge stud,&~baitl&ku :hcat+~ #ml hardrmcd, M * poliied. The central 100 mm

Esbwmm2

/ofthc standad b shdd.bc cw@rtd by a rubber tube with a wall at least!) A

. . .t the @?ctof@m@aturc qhange duri~ handli

bar.dmuk!’~zqxtividcd near one end with a pmidon”The standard

*&a~~tm&iiplaccdin * ,inStmmen a.tinthes amepaWmeacbtimc al

Nctm 5 — Tbc dkl gauge setting of the mc&ring device should bc checked, by useof the r4fi2rclktc bar, at least at the begirm* and end of the rsadings made within ahalf day.

m) Flow Mile conhxtaing to the requirements spcciikd in 12,M of*1S: 1727.1 g~ M~od~ of T? fir ~=o]anic Mat~ia]~.

*sii Fd@d .9

Is : 23s6 (Part VII) -1963

<

r 7

Fm. 4 ILLUSTRATIVE SKETCH OB LENGTH COMPARATOR

2.3 Temperature and Humidity

2.3.1 The temperature of the moulding room and dry materials shall btmaintained at not less than 20”C and not more than 30°C. The tempera-ture of the mixing water, of the moist closet or moist room, and of the room inwhich the measurements are made shall not vary from 27°C by morethan 2 deg C.

2.3.2 The relative humidity of the laboratory shall be not lessthan 50 percent. The moist closet or moist room shall be so constructed as toprovide, storage facilities for test specimens at a relative humidity of not lessthan 90 percent. ‘*

2.3.3 The storage room in which the specimens in containers are stored ‘shall be maintained at a temperature that shall not vary from 38°C by morethan 2 deg C.

. .

10

IS :2386 (Part VII) -1963

2.4 Seleetion and Preparation of Materials

2.4.1 Selection of Aggregate — Materials proposed for use as fine aggregatein concrete shall be processed as described in 2.4.2 with a minimum ofcrushing. Materials proposed for use as coarse aggregate in concrete shallbe processed by crushing to produce as nearly as practicable a gradedproduct from which a sample can be obtained. The sample shall haye thegrading as prescribed in 2.42 and be representative of the composition ofthe coarse aggregate as proposed for use.

NOTE 1 — When a given quarried material is proposed for use, both as coarse and asfine aggregate, it will be tested only by selection of an appropriate sample crushed to thefine aggregate sizes, unkss there u reason to expect @at the coarser size fractions have adifferent composition than the finer sizes and that these differences might significantlyaffect exp~ion due to reaction with the alkalis in cement. In this case the coarsersize fractions should be tested in a manner similar to (hat employed in testing the fineaggregate sizes.

1NOTE ,2 — Coarse aggregate crushed to sand size may give accentuated expansion

owing to the increased surface exposed upon crushing. Therefore, if coarse a gr? ~tetested by this method produces an excessive amount of expansion, the material s allnot be classed as objectionably reactive with alkali unless tests of concrete specimensconfirm the findings of the tests of the mortar.

2.4.2 Pre@ration of Aggregate — Fine aggregate shall be tested in a gradingmeeting the re uirements of the specifications fbr the ‘p-reject. Fine aggrega-

1tes being test< - for reasons other than to determine compliance with indi-vidual specifications, and all coarse aggregates to which this method of testis applied shall & graded in accordance with the requirements prescribed inTable II. Aggregates in which suficient quantities of the sizes specifiedin Table II do not exist shall be crushed until the required material hasbeen produced. In the case of aggregates containing insufficient amount ofone or mpre of the larger sizes listed in Table II and if no larger material isavailable for crushing, the first size in which sufficient material is availableshall contain the cumulative percentage of material down to that size asdetermined from the grading specified in Table 11. When such proceduresare required, special note shall be made thereof in the test report. Afterthe aggregate has been separated into the various sizes, each size shall bewashed with a water spray over the sieve to remove adhering dust andfine particles from the aggregate.. The portions retained on the various sievesshal 1 be dried and then recombined in the quantity required for one batchof mortar to the grading prescribed in Table 11.

2.4.3 Selection of Cement — Cement (see Note 1) for use in this methodshall meet the requirements of the sfiecifications for the project and shall befrom the source or sources which wiIl or are expected to supply the cement tobe used cm the project. Cement for use in tests made for reasons .oth~r thanto determine compliance of cement-aggregate combinations with individualspecifications shall conform to the requirements of *IS :269-1958 Specifica-tion for Ordinary, Rapid-H& dening and Low Heat Portland Cement

*Second revision im 1967 .11

M3:m(i(l%rtlm)-=s

(&oi.@ (w Note 2). Cement for use in this method oft~t,~ll & &cdthrough a 850-micron IS Sieve to remove lumps befbre USC.

—Ifscwralcc tncntsarcto~u8d ormaybc usdinthwork, it b~-rn~~d ~at -each of these cements be tested in combination with ~aqh of tbc ptopdaggrcgatca. In any event, the cement or ccmenu whose alWI ~tcnt cxaeed- O@pcrcen~ cxprancd aa Cquivaltiu of mdium oxide (I%sO) content in percentageplus 0.65S time the potauiutn oxide (K,O) mntcnt in pcrcwta@ “ab+l],,bci@MIuL

NorE 2 — It ia rccmuncntid that each aggregate subjected to &ii test be ~ withboth high- and low-alkali Portland -COW; other combinations, * ~, W@pozzolana, may be uacd if uircd. -A low-alkali ‘Portland cctneafi k oao “coataihinnotmorethan0.60 pcrccnt%cd.. Gtnents of alkali contents as:low and as hig~as can be obtainui should be used.

. . . .. . ... . ... . . .

(CktI.W 2.4.2)

SIEVESIZE P8SCSNTAOEBY~ WE1OHT

4.75 mm 2.36 mm2.36 mm 1.10 mm ;!1.18mm 6oomm 25

600 microns 300 microns 25300 micrvns 1~~ +ns 15 ., ..., ,

2.!5 Preparation of Test Spq&seM

2.S.1 Number of Specimens — Make at least four test spccimeq two fromeach of two batehcs, for each cement-aggregate combination.

2S2’ Preparation of Moula!J—Thinly cover the moulds with rein@ oil; “after this operation, -set the gauge stu&, taking care to keep th~,cJe@and free of oii. Apply a mixture ofthtee parts of paraffin to -IIw.- ofrosin by iveight, heated bctwccn 110 and 120”C, to the outside contact linesof the moulds to make themoulda watertight.

2.S.3 Proportioning of Mortar— Proportion the dty mamrials for .tbe. testmortar using 1 part of cement-to2?25 parts of graded aggregate. by. ~ght.The quantities of dry rmterials to be. mixed at one time .in the batch ofmortar for rnaI&g two specimens sh~l b+ 300 g, of cement ,qrtd. 675 .g ofaggregate. Use an amount ofmixing water, measured in .millii~~.qu$has to produce a flow of 105 to :120 as dctemnined imaccordivw wi?lvwlof ●IS: 1727-1960 Methods of Test forpoazolanic Material% exc@pt,& theflow table shali be given 12P5-mm t@ps .in approximately 6.aew@a, insteadof twenty-five 12*5-mm dropin’ 1:5 seconds, and shall be expressed as apercentage by weight of the ccmsn$

2.3.4 Mixing of Mortar — M& the mortar-in the bowl by. vigwqwndcontinuous squeezing and kneading with oiie ‘hand protected by a snug-fitting

●Since revised.12

rubber glove. Introduce the materials for a batch into the bowl in thefollowing sequence:

a) Place the water in dry bowl,

b) Add the cement to the water and mix for 30 seconds,

c) Add approximately one halfofthe aggregate and mix for 30 seconds,and.

d) Add the remainder of the aggregate and mix for 1~ minutes.

23.5 i~oulding Test Specimens — Immediately following the mixing, fill themould in. two layers, each layer being compacted with the tamper. Workthe mortar into the corners, around the gauge studs, and along the surfacesof the mos.dd with the tamper until a homogeneous specimen is obtained.After the top layer has been compacted, cut off the mortar flush with thetop of the mould and smooth the surface with a few stroke~ of the trowel.Bars for expansion test specimens shall not be made of material that haspreviously been used for the flow test.

2.5.6 Sequenceof Making ~akhes of Mortar — When more than one cement-aggregate combination is to be tested as part of a single investigation,make the total number of batches of mortar (2 per cement-aggregate com-bination) in random ordel ., except that in no case shall the two batchesrepresenting a single cement-aggregate combination be made consecutively.Y\%en the making of all of the specimens for a single investigation requiresthat batches be made on two working days, each cement-aggregate com-bination shall be represented by one batch made on each day, and the orderin which the combination are represented by batches shall be differenton the two days. When more than two clays are required, one cemcnt-aggregate combination shall be represented by a batch made on each ofthe working days.

2.6 Sto~ge assd ‘Measuresnent of Test” Specimens

2.6.1 Initial Storage — After the mould has been filled, immediately placeit in the moist closet or moist room. Leave the specimens in the mouldsin the moist closet or moist room for 24+2 h .

2.6.2 Subsequent Storage and Measurement -– After 24+2 h of moulding,remove the test specimens from the moulds and measure the length; protectthe specimens against loss of moisture prior to the reading for initial length.Always place the specimens in the comparator with the same end upper-most. The temperature of the specimens at the time of initial measure-ment shall be 27 -&2°C. After measuring, place the specimens on endin a metal or plastic container maintained at 38 -&2°C. All bars, whichare placed in a given container after the initial reading at 24&2 h , shouldbe made on the same day and placed in the container in a single operation.DO not place any other specimens in the container until specimens pre-viously stored are a minimum of 28-days old. Keep the specimens in

13

IS’: 2386 (Part VII) -1963

the container over, but not in contact with, water. When length measure-ments are to be made at subsequent periods, remove the container holdingthe specimens from the 38 -&2°C storage and place ‘in a ro~m at a-tern-perature of 27 -+2°C for at least 16 “hr. prior to measuring the specimens.When measurements are made, the specimens, comparator, and referencebar shalf be at the temperature of 27 -+2°C. Each time length measure-ments are made, clean the container and change the water. After measure-ment, replace the specimens in the container, in “inverted position as com-pared with the previous storage period, and return the contaiqer tothe 27 +2°C ternperatu:e storage.

2.7 Calculations — Measure the s~ecimens for length periodically.Readings at ages of 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months and, if necessary, at leastevery 6 months thei-eafter, are suggested. Calculate the difference inlength of the specimens, when removed from the moulds at one day andat any subsequent period, to the nearest 0.001 percent of the effective gaugelength and record as the expansion of the specimen at that period. Acontraction (negative expansion) shall be indicated by prefixing a minussign to the percentage expansion reported. Report the average of theexpansions of the four specimens of a given cement-aggregate combinationto the nearest 0.01 percent as the expansion for the combination for a givenperiod.

2.8 Examination at End of Test — After the final length change measure-ments have been made, each specimen shall be tested for warping and shallbe examined.

2.8.1 Warping — The warping, if any, that each specimen has manifestedduring the test period, shall be determined by placing the specimen ona plane surface and measuring the maximum separation between the speci-men and the surface. The specimen shall be Placed so that its ends curvedown to the-reference surface and measurement made to the nearest 0.2 mm.

2.8.2 Examination — Items to be noted in the examination shall include:

a) Presence, location, and type of pattern of cracking;

b) Appearance of surfaces, surface mottling; andc) Superficial deposits or exudations, their nature, thickness and

continuity.When it is believed that “additional features of noteworthy importance

are likely to be revealed thereby, a further examination of the interior ofthe specimen may be made, preferably by a petrographer. In such cases,the presence of gel-filled pores and fissures, evidence of reaction with aggre-gate- particles of specific- types and the nature of such evidence, an~-properties of the reaction products are among the items to be noted.

2.9 Reporting of Results — The report shall include the following:

a) Type and source of aggregate;

’14

the

A

b)

c)

d)

e)

r)

@

h)

1S.: 23S6 (Part VII), - 19S3 .

Type and source of Portland cement;

Alkali content of cement as percent potassium oxide (K20), sodiumoxide (Na20),. and calculated sodium oxide (Na20) equivalent;

Average length change in percent at each reading of the specimens;

Any relevant information concerning the preparation ofaggregates,including the grading of the aggregate when it differs from thatgiven in 2.4.2;

Any significant features revealed by examination of the specimensduring and after test;

Amount bf mixing whter expressed as percentage by weight ofcement; and

Type, source, proportions, and chemical analysis, including sodiumoxide (Na20) and potassiurh oxide (K20), of any pozzolana em-plo”yed in the tests.

2.10 Repeatability — Repeatability shall be considered satisfactory ifthe expansion of any specimen does not differ by more than 0s003 percentfrom the average value of the expansion of all test s~ecimens moulded fromthe same batch of mortar with the exception that when the av,erage expan-sion exceeds 07020 percent, repeatability shall be considered satisfactory ifthe expansion of any test specimen moulded from the batch of mortar doesnot differ from the average by more than 15 percent of the average.

3. DETERMINATION OF POTENTIAL REACTIVITY OFAGGREGATES (CHEMICAL METHOD)

301 Object — Thk method of test covers a chemical method for deter-mining the potential reactivity of-an aggregate with alkalis in Portlandcement concrete as indicated by the amount of reaction during 24 h at80”C between 1 N sodium hydroxide solution and aggregate that has beencrushed and sieved to pass a 300-micron IS Sieve and be retained on a!50-micron IS Sieve.

3.2 Apparatus — The apparatus shall consist of the following:

a)

b)

●

Scales — The scales used in weighing materials for mortar mixesshall conform to the following. requirements:

On scales in use, the permissible variation at a load of 2000 gshall be + 20 g. The permissible variation on new kalesshzdi be one half. of this value. The sensibility reciprocal’ shallbe not greater than twice the permissible variation.

weights — The permissible variations .on weights in use shalI beas ‘prescribed in Table 1. The permissible i.variations on newweights shall be one half of the values in Table 1.

15

*:$ qfi (~uxt WE) -19$3

c) Baltances— The analytical balance and weights used for determiningdi@ved sika by the gravirnetric method shall confbrm to thefollowing requirements:

1)!2)

3)

4)

Capacity shall be not less than 100 g in each pan,The two arms of the beam shaU be equal witkdn two partsin 100 O@ for balances. in use of one part in “i~’ @XYf6r hewbalances (WCNot? 1),l“sc shall be capabk of reproducing results within O@OO2 g,

Sensibility reciprocal* shall be not more than O@OO5 g perdivision of the graduated scale for any laid up t&lQO ‘g ~seeNote 2). In case of dis’ect-rkading balandes ths rtquircmeiitdoes not apply.

Any rapid weighin~ device that may be provided, such as acha~nj damxd rn,o~on, or heavy riders, shall not “itttrodikce errorsgrtiater than 0s000’1 g at any readhig and with any aliowttbk’load& the scale pans.

NOTS 1 — The lengths and ratios of the arms may chmgc with use, and with age& ‘if not used.

Nora2— If an auxiliary metal or glass pan is used, its weight is a part of the load.

d) Crushing @ Grinding Equi wtent— A sqall jaw crusher and dhc{pulverizer or .oth~r mitab e equipinent capable of krushjng asrd

“riding approximately 4 kg d’ aggregate to pass a 30@mieron.& Sieve.

e) $Lwes — 3!30-micron and 15&micqm square-hole, woven wire clothisi&e~ conforming to ,1S : 460- I’?62’ Specificxitiost for T&t Sidves(J@red).

f) ,ReAf@ionConk+nen — Reaction containers (~ee Fig. 5), of ..S0 to.75 .ml cajiacity, qacie of @a’mless steel or other -corrosion:resiskmtrr@terial, “and’fitkd with air{tight uw&s.

.g) Conrt@nt-T@crature Bath — A liquid bath capable of maintaininga temperature of SO + 1‘C for ?4’ h .

h) Photometer — A photoelectric photometer capable of measuring thetransmission of light at a constant wave kngth of ispproxititsttc!y410 mp.

w *@#Q@*~~1 Pun@ of Reagents — Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that

all re&gents shall conform to the relevant Iskdtan Standard sp@cificati6nswhere such specifications are available. Other grades may be u~d, pro.vialed it is first ascertained tha} the reagent is of sufficiently high purityto-permit its use without lcssenmg the accuracy of the determination.

Whe wmsiblli~. reciprocal u the amount of weight required to move the position of qui-

Iibriumof the pomtcr one division of the scale,

16 -

IS : 23S6 (Part VII) - 1!M3

G;

al~loq

CLAMPSEAT FOR

THUMB SCREW7KNURLED

/-.

\,1 \

KNURLED INSIDE

BODY POLlSHED

3

NEOPRENE OR SUITABLE

“H~L&&y }+j!,+FIG. 5 REACTSON CONTAINER

3.3.2 Puri@ of Water — Unless -otherwise indicated, references to watershall be understood to mean distilled water or other water of equal purity.

3.3.3 Ammonium Mo~bdate Solution — Dissolve 10 g of ammonium molyb-date [( NHd)6 M070ZA.4HZO] in 100 ml of water. If the solution is notclear, filter through a fine-texture paper. Store the solution in a chemi-caUy-resistant glass bottle, coated on its interior with para”ffin, or in a plasticbottle.

3.3.4 Concentrated Hydrochloric Acid — sp gr 1”19.

3.3.5 Standard Hydrochloric Acid -0.05 N. Prepare approximately O*O5Nhydrochloric acid and standardize to +0.0001 N. Standardize the acidfor each day’s tests, against an approximately 0“05 N standardized causticsoda solution.

3.3.6 Hydrochloric Acid — 1:1, Mix equal volumes of concentratedhydrochloric acid (sp gr 1, 19) and water,

3.3.7 Hydro@oric Acid (HF)

3.3.8 Oxalic Acid Solution — Dissolve 10 g of oxalic acid dihydrate in 100 mlof water, Store in chemically-resistant glass.

3.3.9 Phenol@ithalein Indicator Solution — Dissolve one gram of phenol-phthalein in 100 ml of ethanol (1:1).

17

IS : 2386 (Part VII) -1963

3.3.10 Standard Silica Solution — Prepare a standard silica solution con-taining approximately 10 millimoles of silica (SiO=J per litre by dissolvingsodium silicate in water. Store the solution in a hard rubber bottle ora paraffin-coated, chemically-resistant glass bottle. Use a 100-ml aliquotof the solution to determine its silica content by, the procedure describedin 3.7.1 to. 3.7.5. Do not use a standard silica solution older than oneyear, since dissolved ionic silica in such a solution slowly polymerizes,causing spuriously low photometric readings.

3.3.11 Standard Sodium Hydroxide Solution — 1.000+0.01 O N. Preparea 1.000+0.010 N sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution and standardizeto + 0.001 N. Standardize the solution against acid potassium phthalate.Use water that has “been boiled until free of carbon dioxide to prepare thesolution, Store the solution in a polyethylene container and protect fromcontamination by carbon dioxide.

3.3.12 Concentrated Sulphuric Acid — sp gr 1“8LI.

NOTZ”—The silica contents of the reagents, other tkan the standard sitica solution,will not be significant and need not be determirmd.

3.4 Glassware — All glass apparatus and vessels should be carefi.dly selec-ted to meet the particular requirements for each operation. Standardvolumetric flasks, -burettes, and pipettes should be of precision grade.

3.5 Selectiom and Preparation of Test Samples

3.5.1 The test may be used for either fine or coarse aggregate, and whenthe fine and coarse aggregates are of the same material, it can be used forthe total aggregate.

3.5.2 The test sample shall be prepared from a representative portionof the aggregate by crushing so as to pass a 300-micron IS Sieve accordingto the following procedure. Reduce, the coarse aggregate to a maximumsize of about 6“3 mm by means of a small jaw crusher, Sieve the crusiwdcoarse aggregate and likewise the sand. to recover the 300-micron to 15Qmicron particles. Discard the material ‘passing the 150-micron IS Sieve.Reduce the material retained on the 300-micron IS Sieve by repeatedpasses through a disc-type pulverizer, with sieving after each pass. Theseparation of the plates shall be about 3.15 mm for the first pass and shallbe progressively diminshed until all the material passes the 300-snicronIS Sieve. Every effort shall be made to reduce as much as possible theproportion of fine passing the 150-micron IS Sieve.

NOTE — It isrecommended that each size fraction of coarse aggregate be separatelyprocczs~d according to 3.5.2, and that the 300-micron to 150-micron material obtainedfrom each size fraction. be combined in the proportions in which those fractions are to beused in the concrete. It is recommended that, wherever possible, the sand be screenedand the several size fractions recombined in the proportion to be used in the concrete,prior to proceming according t? 3.5.2. -

“18

IS : 23S6 (Part VII) -1963

3.5.3 To ensure that all material finer than the 150-micron IS Sieve hasbeen removed, wash the sample over a 150-micron IS Sieve. Do not washmore than 100 g over a 200-mm Sieve at one time. Dry the washedsample at 100 to 105°C for 20+4 h . Cool the sample and agarn sieveon the 150-micron IS Sieve. If .inspectian of the sample indicates thepresence of silty or clayey coatings on particles, repkat the washing anddrying procedure, and sieve as before over the 150-micron IS Sieve. Reservethe portion retained on the 150-micron 1S Sieve for the test sample,

“3.6 Reaction Procedure

3.6.1 Weigh three representative 25.00 -+0.05 g portions of the dry300-micron to 150-micron test sample prepared in accordance with 3.5.Place one portion in each of three of the reaction containers and arid bymeans of a pipette or burette 25 ml of the 1“000 N caustic soda solution.To a fourth reaction container, by means of a pipette or burette, add 25 mlof the same caustic soda solution to serve as a blank. Seal the four con-tainers and gently swirl them to liberate trapped air.

3.6.2 Immediately after the containers have been sealed, place them ina liquid bath maintained at 80 + 1“O”C. After 24++ h remove thecontainers from the bath and cool them under flowing watw for 15&2minutes to below 30”C.

3.6.3 After the containers have been cooled, open them and filter thesolution from the aggregate residue. Use a porcelain Gooch crucible witha disc of rapid, low-ash filter paper cut to fit the bottom of the crucible,setting the crucible in a rubber crucible holder in a funnel. Place a dry

. test-tube, of 35 to 50 ml capacity, in the filter i’iask to collect the filtrate,and seat the funnel in the neck of the filter flask. With the aspirator inoperation .or the vacuum line open, decant a small quantity of the solutiononto the filter paper so it will seat properly in the crucible. Withoutstirring the. contents of the container, decant the remaining free liquidinto the crucible. When the recantation of the liquid. has been completed,discontinue the vacuum and transfer the solids remaming in the containerto the crucible and pack in place with the aid of a stainless steel spatula.Then apply and adjust the vacuum to approximately 375 mm of mercury.Continue the filtration until further ~ltration yields filtrate at the approxi-inate rate of one drop every 10 seconds; reserve the filtrate for further tests.Record the total amount of time during which the vacuum is applied asthe filtration time; every effort shall be made to achieve an equal filtrationtime for all samples in a set, by uniformity of procedure in the assemblyof the filtration apparatus and the packing of the solids in the crucible.

3.6.4 Filter the blank according to the procedure described in 3.6.3.Apply the vacuum for a length of time equal to the average filtration timefor the three specimens.

3.6.5 Immediately following the completion of filtration, stir the filtrateto assume homogeneity, then take an aliquot of 10 ml of the filtrate and

19

IS : 23S6 (Part VU) -1963

dilute with water to 200 ml in a volumetric flask. Reserve thk ddutedsolution for the determination of dissolved silica and reduction in alkaliriity.

?KOTE— If the diluted filtrate is not to be analyzed within 4 hr following completionof the filtration, transfer the solution to a clean, dry polyethylene container and closethe con tainer by means of a stopper or tight-fitting cap or lid.

.

3.7 Determination of Dissolved Sillca by the GravimetAc Metbd

3.7.1 Transfer 100 ml of the dilute solution (W 3.6.5) to an evaporatingdkh, preferably of platinum for the sake of celerity in evaporation, add5 to 10 ml of hydrochloric acid (sp gr 1.19), and e~”aporate to dryness on asteam-bath. Without heating the ‘residue any further, treat it with 5 to10 ml of hytirochloric acid (sp gr 1. 19), and evaporate to dryness on asteam-bath. Without heating the residue any further, treat it with 5 to10 ml of hydrochloric acid (sp gr 1, 19), and then an equal amount of water,or at once pour 10 to 20 ml of hydrochloric acid (l :1 ) upon the residue.Cover the dish and digest for 10 minutes on the bath or a hot-plate. Dilutethe iolution with an equal volume of hot watct-, filter immediately, andwash the separated silica (SiOJ thoroughly ~rith hot water (see lNote)and reserve the residue.

NOTE — The washing of the silica preci itates can be made more effective by usingthot dilute hydrochloric acid (1 : 99) and t en completing the washing with hot water:

3.7.2 Again evaporate the filtrate to dryness, baking the residue in anoven for one hour at 105 to 11O“C. Take up the residue with 10 to 15 mlof hydrochloric acid (1:1) and heat on the bath or the hot-plate. Dilutethe solution with an equal volume of hot water and catch, and wash thesmall amount of silica it contains on another filter paper.

3.7.3 Transfer the filter papers containing the residue (see 3.7.1and 3.7.2) to a platinum crucible. Dry and ignite the papers, first at a low

heat until the carbon of the filter paper is completely consumed withoutinflaming, and finally at 1 100 to 1200”C until the weight bec?omes constant.

NOTE — The empty crucible may be weighed if one wishes to know for one’s owninformation the magnitude of impurities in the residue of silica.

3.7.4 Treat silica thus obtained, which will contain small amounts ofimpuritim., in the crucible with a few drops of water, about 10 ml of hydro-fluoric acid, and one drop of sulphuric acid, and evaporate cautiously todryness. Finally, heat the residue at 1050 .to 1 100°C for 1 to 2 minutes,cool, and weigh. The difference between this weight and the weightpreviously obtained represents the amount of silica. .

3.7.5 Blank — Make a blank determination, following the same procedure,using the same amount of diluted solution from the blank and the sameamount of’ reagents.

20

Is:238s (P8B’tvII)”1963

3.7S Calculation — Calculate the silica concentration. of the caustic mdasolution filtered fmm the aggregate material as follows:

s. = (W1–W’2)X3330

where

s. = concentration of silica in millimoles per litre in the originalfiltrate,

WI = weight of silica in g found in 100 ml of the dilute solution(see 3.7.4), and

Wa = weight of silica in g found in the blank ($ee 3,7.5).

Noms — The dilute solution analyzed is equivalent to 5 ml of the original filtrate(WI- ‘:) ~ 1 ~ rn~]]imo]es of silica; COIISqUUltlYf

and contains (WI— W,) grams or6(M6

1000 1000one litrc of the original filtrate would contain —

5 x- (w,– W,) or 3330

(W,– W,) milfimoks of silica.

3.8 Determination of Dissolved Silica by the Photometric Method

3.8.1 Application - This method is applicable to the determination ofcrystalloidal (noncolloidal) silica in -all aqueous solutions except those withexcessive colour interferences (such as tannin), but it will not determinetotal silica. The method is particularly applicable to rapid control analysisof crystalloidal silica below 10 parts per million,

33.2 Summmy of Method — Crystalloidal (noncolloidal) silica reacta withmolybdate ion in acid solution (optimum ~H 1.2 to 1.5) to form a greenish-yellow silica-molybdate colour complex. This is approximately propor-tional to the silica concentrtrtion of the solution, but does not follow Beer’slaw perfectly. The colour complexes are quantitatively evaluated bycomparison with standard CO1OUI-S,using a photoelectric photometer.

3.S.3 Pre~aration of Calibration Curve

3.8.3.1 Prepare a series of solutions of known silica concentrationvarying from 0“0 to 0.5 millimolcs er litre by diluting portions of the stock

Jsolution of sodium silicate (W 3 .10). Transfer the portions of’ sodiumsilicate solution to 100-ml volumetric flaiks about half filled with water.Add 2 ml of the ammonium molybdate solution and 1 ml of hydrochloricacid (1: 1), and agitate by swirling the flask, Allow the solution to standfor 15 mifiutes at room temperature. Add 1.5 -+0”2 ml of the oxalic acidsolution, fill the flask to the mark with water, and mix thoroughly, Allowthe solution to stand for 5.0-+0” 1 minute~.

3.8.3.2 Read the transmittance of the various solutions on the photo-meter at approximately 410 mp, in comparison with a reference solutioncontaining all of the reagents, but no silica, in 100 ml of water.

21

IS :2386 (Part VII) -1963

3.8.3:3 Prepare a calibration curve by plotting the percent transmit-tance readings against the known concentrations of silica in each solution.

3.8.4 Determination of Dissolved Silica — Transfer a 10-xnl aliquot of thedilute solution (~ee 3.6.5) to a 100-ml volumetric flask and proceed as des-cribed in 3.8.3.1. Read the concentration of silica in the solution directlyfrom the previously prepared calibration curve correlating transmissionof light of this wavelength with silica concentration. -If the transmittanceis below 30 percent or above 50 percent, a smaller or larger aliquot of thediluted solution should be used.

3.8.5 Calculation — Calculate the silica concentration of the caustic sodasolution filtered from the aggregate material as follows:

se =20x100~ xc

where

SO = concentration of silica in millimoles per litre in the originalfiltrate,

C = concentration of silica millimoles per Iitrk in the solution measuredin the photometer, and

V = volume of dilute sol~tion in millilitres used from 3.6i5.

3.9 Reduction in Alkalinity

3.9.1 Procedure — Transfer a 20-ml aliquot of the dilute solution(~ee3.6.5) to a 125-ml Erlenmeyer flask, add 2 or 3 drops of phenolphthaleinsolution, and titrate with 0.05 N hydrochloric acid to the phenolphthaleinend point.

3.9.2

where

R.

N

VI

v*

V3

Calculation — Calculate the reduction in alkalinity as follows:

R,= ‘;N— (V.–v,) xl Ooo1

= the reduction in alkalinity, in millimoles per .litre;. normality of the hydrochloric acid used for the titration;

= volume in ml of dilute solution used from 3.6.5;

= ,volume of hydrochloric acid in ml used to attain the phenol-phthalein end point in the test sample; and

= volume of hydrochloric acid in ml used to attain the phenol-..-.phthalein end point in the blank.

Noms— ’13c procedure and calculation described in 3.9.1 and 3.9.2 shall be followedin obtaining values for R, to be used together with S, values to evaluate the potentialreactivity of aggregates.

22

IS: 2386 (Pam VII) -1963

Additional information may be obtained if a further titration is madeto the methyl orange end point and additional calculations are made.After -the phenolphthalein end point has been reached, add 2 or 3 dropsof methyl orange solution (0.1 g of methyl orange in 100 ml of water) andtitrate to the methyl orange end point. Let P be the volume of hydrochloricacid used to obtain the phenolphthalein end point and T is the total volumeof acid used to crbtain the methyl orange end point. Calculate a valueof RC based on the two end points, using the formula given in 3.9.2 andsubstituting values of Vg and VJ obtained from the equation:

V,, Va= 2 P–T

3.10 Interpretations of Results

3.10.1 Data correlating the results of this method with performance ofaggregates in structures, expansion of mortar bars containing high-alkalicement, or petrographic examination should be reviewed before results ofthe method are used as a basis for conclusions and recommendations con-cerning the properties and use of aggregates for concrete. For most aggre-gates, a potentially deleterious degree of alkali reactivity is indicated ifthe plotted data point falls to the right of the boundary line shown in Fig. 6.

3.10.2 Results of the test are not correct for some aggregates, primarilybecause of extraneous red~~ction of alkalinity (spurious increase of R. ordecrease in SC, or both) produced by reaction of the sodium hydroxide withcarbonates of magnesium or ferrous iron or certain silicates of magnesium,such as antigorite (serpentine). In the presence of soluble silica, calciumcarbonate may also cause small anomalous increases in Re and may eitherincrease or decrease the values of SC. The spurious changes of Rc andSC caused by calcium carbonate affect the apparent degree of reactivitybut an erroneous indication of potential reactivity is produced only if thedegree of alkali reactivity of the aggregate is marginal.

3.10.3 Ddta show that aggregates represented by data points fallingto the right of the boundary line shown in Fig. 6 and above a line extendingfrom about point RC=75, SC=70 to a point “R==125, S,= 1000 may beiticiently alkali-reactive to produce comparatively low expansion whentested in accordance with 2. In this circumstance, the results of the chemicaltest should be accepted as indicating a potentially deleterious degree ofalkali reactivity unless the innocuous character of the aggregate is demons-trated by supplementary tests in accordance with 2 of several mixtures ofthe test aggregate and an essentially inert aggregate, such as properly gradedquartz, Ennore sand, or chert-free limestone. The mixtures should re-present a series of proportions of the test aggregate and essentially inertaggregate ranging from about 5:95 to 50:50 by weight.

3.10.4 In order to evaluate these possible effects, it is recommended -thatperformance of the method be correlated with petrographic examinationin accordance with Part VIII of this standard or any other test methodor field experience that is applicable.

23

xs:2396(PBrt vII)-ls

7.5 75 750

SILICA DISSOLVEO FROM 300 TO 150 MICRONS SIZE AGGREGATE

MATE RIAL(MILLIMOLES/LITRE) BY f N NaOH SOLUTION (QUANTITY Sc)

Aggregates causing mortar expansion more than 0.1 percent in a year when uacdwith a cement containing 138 percent alkalis.Aggregates causing mortar expansion less than 0.1 percent in a year under sasmeconditions.

Aggregates for which mortar expansions data are not available but which areindicated to be dclctcrious by petrographic examination.Aggregates for which mortar expansion data are not available but which arcindicated to be innocuous by petrographic examination.Boundary ~ie between innocuous and dclcterioua aggregates.—

FWJ. 6 ILLUSTRATIONor DIVEUONBEWESJNINNOOUOUSAND DELETERIOUS AOCMiZOATMONBAsraor RmurmoN m hsALrNrnr TEST

24

AMENDMENT NO. 1 JUNE 1999TO

IS 2386( PART VII) 1963 METHODS OF TESTFOR AGGREGATES FOR CONCRETE

PART Vll ALKALI AGGREGATE REACTIVITY

(Page 15, clause 2.10) — Insert the following new clauses after 2.10

‘2.11 For aggregstcs,thoughnotcontaining known deleterious silica mineralslike opal, chakedony, tridymite and crystobolite, xeolite, beulandite, glassy tocrypto-crystalline rhyoiites, dczites and andesitcs and their tufik ●nd certainphyllites but containing more than 20 percent strained quartz undulatoryextinction angle greater than 15° musing deleterious reaction [ see IS 2386(part VIII) :1963 ] and also possibly showing presencz of mierocxystallinequartq additional mortar-bar teat with conditions as given in 2.11.1 and 2.11,2keeping other condition same, shall be conducted.

2.11.1The specimens shall be placed in the metal contaimr only and the storagetemperature in the container shall be 60z2°C.

2.11.2 ordirmry Portland cement whose alkali eontent is 1.0 pereent or more(expressed as Na20 + 0.658 IQO) shall be used for evaluation instead of 0.6pereent specified in Note 1 under 2.4.3, other cmmentaggregate combimtionspecified under 2.43 remaining the same.

2..12 It is recommended that strained quartz bearing aggregates showing 180 dayexpansions of 0,06 percent using ordinary Portland cement with 1.0 percent ormore alkali cnntent as per 2.11.2 be chsified as potentially reactive.

NOIES

1&r coarse aggregste of composite nature, he test shsll be conducted on the cmmpositesample.

2 lb test is of sccclcsatcd matusead suitsble for shined qurtz beating agpgatcs only which ateslow-reactive in nstufe. Tbe test is not suitsbte for ●ggsqptes amtsining amvcntiond kmwn

ddetcrious silii m@erals mentiomd dxwe.’

(CED2)

-W hk BIS, NewfMI&Ida

AMENDMENT NO. 2 JUNE 2009

TO

IS 2386 (PART 7) : 1963 METHODS OF TEST

FOR AGGREGATES FOR CONCRETE

(Page 12, Table II, col 2) ― Substitute ‘1.18’ for ‘1.10’ in the second row.

(Page 12, clause 2.5.3, line 8) ― Insert ‘ten’ before ‘12.5-mm drops’.

(CED 2)

Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India