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है”ह”ह

IS 15343 (2003): Pressmud for Reclamation of Sodic Soil[FAD 7: Soil Quality and Gertilizers]

IS 15343:2003

Indian Standard

PRESSMUD FOR RECLAMATION OFSODIC SOIL — SPECIFICATION

ICS 13.080

0 BIS 2003

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002

August 2003 Price Group 2

Soil Quality and Improvement Sectional Committee, FAD 27

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Soil Quality

and Improvement Sectional Committee had been approved by the Food and Agriculture Division Council.

Prcssmud is used as an organic manure in agricultural fields. The material generally contain 20 percent carbonand 25 : 1 ratio of carbon to nitrogen which play an important role in the growth and development of crop plants.

For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the fins! valueobserved or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2: 1960‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)’. The number of significant places retained in the rounded offvalues should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.

AMENDMENT NO. 1 MAY 2012 TO

IS 15343 : 2003 PRESSMUD FOR RECLAMATION OF SODIC SOIL — SPECIFICATION

[Page 1, clause 4.2(e)] — Substitute ‘Net quantity, in kg.’ for ‘Net mass,

in kg.’ (FAD 7)

Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India

IS 15343:2003

Indian Standard

PRESSMUD FOR RECLAMATION OFSODIC SOIL — SPECIFICATION

1 SCOPE

This standard prescribes the requirements and methodsof sampling and test for pressmud to be used forreclamation of sodic soil. The details of the pressmudregarding its use in sodic soil are described as follows:

a) Pressmud is a by-product of sugar industry.It is a rich source of organic matter and canbe supplemented for chemical fertilizers forthe sustained productivity of the soil, and

b) The pressmud is obtained from sugar mills.It is a cheaper source for improving the sodicsoils when used along with 25 percent gypsumrequirement of the soil.

2 REFERENCES

The following standards contain provisions, whichthrough reference in this text constitute provisions ofthis standard. At the time of publication, the editionsindicated were valid. All standards are subject to revisionand parties to agreements based on this standard areencouraged to investigate the possibility of applying themost recent editions of the standards indicated below:

IS No. Title1070:1992 Reagent grade water (third revision)

9738:1990 Polyethylene bags for generalpurposes

10627:1983 Methods of sampling of pesticideformulations

14684:1999 Determination of nitrogen andnitrogenous compounds in soils

3 REQUIREMENTS

The material shall comply with the requirements givenin Table 1.

4 PACKING AND MARKING

4.1 Packing

The materials shall be packed in polyethylene bags of50 kg according to IS 9738 or in tractor txolleys in looseform,

4.2 Marking

The bag should be marked legibly and indelibly withfollowing information:

a) Name of the material;

b) Name and address of the supplie~

1

c) Date of production;

d) Batch No.; and

e) Net mass, in kg.

In case the material is supplied in loose, the aboveinformation should be given in a printed form for eachbatch.

4.2.1 BIS Certlj2cation Marking

The product may also be marked with the Standard Mark.

4.2.1.1 The use of the Standard Mark is governed bythe provisions of the Bureau of Indian StandardsAct, 1986 and the rules and regulations madethereunder. The details of conditions under which thelicence for the use of the Standard Mark maybe grantedto manufacturers or producers may be obtained fromthe Bureau of Indian Standards.

Table 1 Requirements of Pressmud

(Clause 3)

SI Characteristics Requirements Method of Test, Ref toNo.

Annex Otherof this IS No.Standar

(1) (2) (3) (:) (5)

i) Organiccarbon,percentby mass,Min

ii) C/N ratio, MUX

iii) Calcium bymass, A4in

percentiv) Phosphate as

P205 by mass,l-fin

v) Sulphur assulphate, &tin

vi) pH value (1: 10),Max

vii) Electricalconductivity1:10 (ds/m),Max

viii) Moisturepercent, Max

20

25:1

0.5

2.5

2.5

7.5

4

30

A

A (for IS 14684Carbon) (for

Nitrogen)B

B

c —

D

E —

F

5 SAMPLING

When the material is offered in bulk quantity forinspection, representative sample shall be drawn asprescribed in IS 10627 for all the bags/loose materialto be tested.

IS 15343:2003

ANNEX A

[Table 1, S1No. (i) and (ii)]

ORGANIC CARBON

A-1 ESTIMATION OF ORGANIC CARBON

A-1. I Walkley and Black Rapid Titration

The organic matter of the pressmud gets oxidized bychromic acid (potassium bichromate plus concentratedsulphuric acid) utilizing the heat of dilution of sulphuricacid. The un-reacted bichromate is determined by backtitration with ferrous (ammonium) sulphate (redoxtitration).

A-2 APPARATUS

A-2.1 Conical Flask — 500 ml.

A-2.2 Burette — 50 ml.

A-3 REAGENTS

A-3.1 Phosphoric Acid — 85 percent.

A.3.2 Sulphuric Acid — 96 percent containing[ .25 percent AgJS04.

A-3.3 Standard 1 N ~Crz07 Solution — Dissolve49.04 g K, Crz07 in water and dilute to 1 litre.

A-3.4 Standard 0.5 N FeSOd Solution — Dissolve196.1 g Fe (NHJZ (SOJZ. 6H20 in 800 ml watercontaining 20 ml concentrated H2S01 and dilute toI litre.

A-3.5 Diphenylamine Indicator — Dissolve 0.5 g

reagent grade diphenylamine in 20 ml water and 100 ml

concentrated H2SOd.

A-4 PROCEDURE

Grind air dry pressmud and sieve it with 80 mesh

(0.2 mm sieve). Take 0.2 g sample in 500 ml conicalflask. Add 50 ml of IN KzCr207 with burette and swirla little. Then add 100 ml of concentrated HZS04 andswirl again 2 or 3 times. The flask is allowed to standfor 30 min and thereafter 200 ml of water is added.Allow it to cool down to room temperature. Transferthe entire content in 500 ml volumetric flask and makeup the volume up to the mark. Take 50 ml aliquot in250 ml conical flask. Add 100 ml distilled water, 10 mlortho phosphoric acid and 1 ml of diphenylamineindicator. The contents are titrated with 0.5 N withferrous ammonium sulphate solution till the colourflashes from blue violet to green. Simultaneously, ablank is run without pressmud.

A-5 CALCULATION

Organic carbon, percent =15(B-T)

where AxB

A = weight of press mud;

B = volume of ferrous ammonium sulphatesolution required for blank titrationin ml; and

T = volume of ferrous ammonium sulphateneeded for pressmud sample.

A-6 REFERENCE

A manual for soil and water testing method publishedby Soil Testing Laboratory, Division of Soil Scienceand Agricultural Chemistry, IARI, New Delhi.

ANNEX B

[Table 1, S1No. (iii) and (iv)]

DETERMINATION OF PHOSPHATE AND CALCIUM

B-O PREPARATION OF HCL EXTRACT FORDETERMINATION OF PHOSPHATE ANDCALCIUM

The air dried 5 g pressmud sample is ignited in mufflefurnace. Then the ash is extracted in 100 mlconcentrated HC1 acid and 15 to 20 ml of HN03 in500 ml beaker and then it is boiled for 3 to 4 h on sandbath. After this filter the solution with Whatman filter

paper No. 42 in a 1000 ml volumetric flask. Make thevolume of the filtrate with distilled water upto the mark.

B-1 ESTIMATION OF PHOSPHATE INHYDROCHLORIC ACID EXTRACT QUIMOCIACREAGENTS

B-1.l Dissolve 70 g of sodium molybdate dihydrate in150 ml water. Dissolve 60 g citric acid in mixture of 85

2

IS 15343:2003

ml HNOj and 150 ml water and cool. Gradually addmolybdate solution to citric acid-nitric acid mixture withstirring. Dissolve 5 ml synthetic quionoline in mixtureof 35 ml HNOJ and 100 ml water. Gradually add thissolution to molybdate citric-nitric acid solution mix andlet it stand for 24 h. Filter it and add 280 m I acetone,

dilute to 1 litre with water and mix well. Store inpolyethylene bottle.

B-1.2 Procedure

Take 100 ml of HCI extract in a beaker from the stocksolution. Add 50 ml of distilled water and 50 ml ofquimociac reagent and stir it well. Then heat it for 5 to10 min on hot plate. After that keep for 3 to 4 h to coolit. Yellow precipitate will develop. Then filter it oncintered glass crucible (Gooch crucible) with the helpof electric suction pump. After that the cruciblealongwith precipitate is put in a oven at 250” C.temperature to dry it. Then place the crucible indesiccator for cooling. When the crucible is cooleddown, weigh and calculate the PZ05 percent as under.

B-1.3 Calculation

Weight of oven dry crucible = A g

Weight of oven dry crucible + precipitate= B g

Weight of precipitate = B –.4 g

Percentage (B- A)x IOOOXIOOXO.03207of P205 = IOOX5

= (B-A~x 6.414

B-2 ESTIMATION OF CALCIUM BY ATOMICABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETER

B-2.1 Preparation of Stock Solution

Prepare a calcium stock solution (I 000 mg/1) by

dissolving 2.497 g of dried CaCOJ in minimum volume

of 1 M hydrochloric acid (about 50 ml) when

dissolution is complete, transfer the solution to 1 litre

graduated flask and make up to the mark with deionized

water, treat it as stock solution A. An intermediate stock

solution is prepared by pipetting 50 ml of stock solution

A in to 1 Iitre flask and making up to the mark with

deionized water. Treat it as stock solution B, Five

standard working solutions are prepared containing 1,

2, 3, 4 and 5 ml of stock solution B and make the

volume to 50 ml. The solution will contain 1, 2, 3, 4

and 5 pg/ml calcium.

B-2.2 Procedure

Dilute the HC1 extract 10 times. Calibrate the

instrument by selecting resonance line wavelength

422.7 nm using fuel lean acetylene air flame. Aspirate

the known standards and record their absorbance.

Aspirate the unknown sample (working solution B) and

record its absorbance. Match the absorbance with that

of its concentration of the standard solution to find out

the response factor.

B-2.3 Calculation

Percentage of calcium = R x Rfx 0,2

where

R = absorbance of the sample, unknown; and

Rf = response factor which is obtained by

reference ppmlabsorbance of reference

concentration.

Moreover, in computer based A.A .S. the calculation

is performed by the apparatus itself provided the

programme is entered into system.

ANNEX C

[Table 1, S1No. (v)]

ESTIMATION OF SULPHUR AS SULPHATE

C-1 MEHTOD OF ESTIMATION OF SULPHUR (NOJ, 6H20 in H20 and dilute to 1 Iitre) so that allAS SULPHATE material comes in contact with solution. Heat on

C-I. 1 Preparation of Solutionelectric hot plate (1 80°) until no further action occurs.Transfer crucible while hot to furnace (<500°) and let

Weigh I g sample into large porcelain crucible. Add it remain until sample is thoroughly oxidized (No black

7.5 ml Mg(N03)2 solution ( dissolve 950 g P-free Mg particles should remain. If necessary, breakup sample

3

[S 15343:2003

and return to furnace). Remove crucible and let cool.Add HZO then HCI in excess. Bring solution to boil,filter, and wash thoroughly. If preferred, transfersolution to 250 ml volumetric flask before filtering anddilute to volume with H ~0.

C-2 DETERMINATION

Dilute aliquot of prepared solution to 200 ml with H,Oand add HCI until 0.5 m I free acid is present. Heat-toboiling point and add 10 ml 10 percent BaCl, solution

drop-wise with constant stirring. Continue boiling5 rein, and let stand for 25 h in warm place. Decantthrough ash less paper or ignited and weighed Gooch.Add 15-20 ml boiling HZO to precipitate, transfer tofilter, and wash with boiling H20 until filtrate is Clfree. Dry precipitate and filter, ignite, and weigh asBaSO~.

C-3 CALCULATIONWeight of BaSO1 precipitate = A SOa = A x 0.137 4x3

ANNEX D

[Table 1, S1 No. (vi)]

DETERMINATION OF pH

D-1 DETERMINATION OF ~H it for 30 min. Stir it again and record PH reading with.

Take 5 g prepared pressmud sample in 100 ml beakerpH meter after calibr~ting the instrument with buffers

Add 50 ml distilled water and stir with glass rod. KeepofpH 4.0 and 9.0.

ANNEX E

i Table 1, Sl No. (vii)]

DETERMINATION OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY

E-l Calibrate the conductivity meter with 0.0 I M KCI liquid used for pH determination.

solution. Record the E C in the above supernatant

ANNEX F

[Table 1, S1No. (viii)]

ESTIMATION OF MOISTURE

F-1 ESTIMATION OF MOISTURE PERCENTAGE Weight of the empty dish = 1?

Take about 10 g of pressmud sample in oven dry and pressmud sample

aluminium dish. Then place it in hot air oven at the Weight of the dish and =C

temperature of 65° C for 6 h. After this, put the dish in dried pressmud (B-c)xloodesiccator to cool it. Then weigh the dish and calculate Moisture percntage =the moisture percentage as below.

(B-A)

NOTE — All the analysis should be done on air dry basis,

F-2 CALCULATION however, the results should be expressed on oven dry basis.

Weight of the empty dish = A

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harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goodsand attending to connected matters in the country.

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Review of Indian Standards.

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewedperiodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes areneeded; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards Ishould ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards: Monthly Additions’.

/This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc : No. FAD27(1113).

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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