Irrigation Methods in Fruit Crops

7/28/2019 Irrigation Methods in Fruit Crops

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IRRIGATION METHODSIN

FRUIT CROPS


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INTRODUCTION

The water relations of the plant are of extreme and for fruit production. On arid andsemiarid zones irrigation is a very importantcultural practice. Even in important both for vegetative growth and humid areas wheredistribution of rainfall is notsatisfactory,irrigation is essential during thedrought period.

The need for irrigation and the amount of water that should be supplied are influencedby annual precipitation,period of moistureshortage,stage of the crop,types of crops and

cropping etc.,


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METHODS OF IRRIGATION:SURFACE IRRIGATION

FLOODING

This is followed in wetlands mostly for banana . This is awasteful method which will lead to stagnation of water andhelp weed growth.


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BASINS

This is widely practiced.The basins should be square or circular and should be sloping from the trunk to theperiphary.This method is useful in young orchards,light sandyand alkaline soils.The size of the basin should be widened asthe roots spread.


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RING

In this system,small ring bund will be provided around thetrees or one single irrigation channel connecting all trees willbe formed and around each tree the channel is widened toform basin.


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BED

This is adapted in heavy soils for fruit crops like banana,where inthree to four plants are enclosed in a bed and is irrigated byopening on one side of the bed.


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FURROW

This is most widely followed for vegetable crops liketomato,onion,brinjal etc.,


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SUBIRRIGATION

This method supplies water from below soil throughunderground pipes or byditches on one side . This isuseful for green houses .Pipes are laid 45-60cm deepand 6m apart . Pipes willhave holes at regular intervals . This method iscostly and deep cultivation isnot possible . Butevaporation of moisture is

prevented to a great extent .


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MICRO IRRIGATION

:OVER HEAD IRRIGATION

Over head irrigation is done by the use of sprinklers.In thissystem,the initial cost of installation is rather high but thereare several advantages.There is saving in labour cost andwater.More uniform wetting of soil is possible and erosionwill be eliminated.This method is best for steep and terracedlands.This is most widely adopted in plantations.There arealso disadvantages.Due to the influence of wind there will benon uniformity in coverage.In hot sun,droplets on leaves andfruits may cause sunburn,certain diseases may spreadeasily.


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SPRINKLER

SYSTEMS


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:DRIP IRRIGATION

Drip irrigation is known by various names like trickleirrigation or high frequency irrigation or daily flowirrigation.This is a method of watering plants at a rateequivalent to its consentive use so that plants would notexperience any stress during the growing phase.In this the

water is conveyed from a source under low pressure to theroot zone of the crop only.

Typical drip irrigation system has the followingcomponents(1)a water supply pump at the source of

water(2)filters , fertilizer mixing pack(3)controlsystem(4)pressure regulators(5)monitor valve or water meter(6)headlines for conveying water from pumpset to thefield where water is to be delivered(7)laterals to carry water toplant rows and(8)the emitter or the drippers through whichwater is finally released at a distance of 5-25cm from the plant

base.


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DRIP IRRIGATIONSYSTEMS


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ADVANTAGES

1)Water saving:

In this system,water is applied directly to the root zone,eliminating

wastage.The water saving may range from 30% to 70% depending upon the

area covered by the plants.

2)Labour saving:

This system eliminates the need for constructing borders,bunds and labour

intensive works associated with conventional irrigation techniques,there by

saving about 60 to 90% of labour.

3)Use of lower quality water :

In this system water is applied continuously and the root zone is kept wet

constantly,therefore,salt concentration moves away from root zone & thus it

permit use of lower quality water as compared to other systems at irrigation.


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4)Increased yield and plant vigour:This system maintains soil moisture at optimum level

eliminating water strees resulting in greater vigour,better establishment and high productivity.

5)Reduced weed growth:

Since water is applied to the restricted area wide spreadweed growth is inhibited.

6)Saving of nutrients:

In this system,nutrients are directly applied to the root zonealong with water,therefore chances of leacing losses areminimized thus saving upto 30 to 60% is expected.


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DISADVANTAGES

1)Higher initial investment.

2) Clogging of drippers due to oxidants,bioxides and algae.

Irrigation Methods in Fruit Crops

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