IRRIGATED CROP ROTATIONS IN - AgEcon...

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125 14 1111116 125 1111 14 1111116

MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL BUREAU Of STANDARDS-1963-A NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS-1963-A

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Technical Bulletin No 512 May 1936

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

WASHINGTON D C

IRRIGATED CROP ROTATIONS IN WESTERN NEBRASKA 1912-34

By STEPHEN H HASTINGS principal agronomist Division of lVestern Irrigation Agriculture Bureau of Plant Industry

CONTENTS

Page PageIntroduction_ __ ______ _______________________ 1 Annual fluctuations in yields________________ 16 Location and soil conditlons_________________ 2 Yields frolll tho various crops in the dilIerentrotations snmmarized_ ___ ______ ____ _______ 17Plan oC the rotations_________________________ 4 Onts______________ _____________ ___ _______ 19List of the rotatlons_________________________ 5 Sugar beets _______________bull _______ ______ 22Cultural practices__________________________ 6 Crop yields in detaiL_______________________ 8 Potatoes_____bull___ bull____bull ____ _ _______ 23Oats______________________________ ______ 9 Wheat __ bull______________ _______ ________ 29

Corn_ ____________________________ ______ 31Sugar beets______________________________ 10Potatoes_____________________ _________ ___ 12 Comparatio aluo oCthe dilIerentrotatlons__ 31 Corn _______________________________ ____ 14 Literature cited _________________________ 36 Vheat_ _ _ _______________________________ 13 Summary_____ ________ ________ ________ ______ 34

Flax_________________________ -____ ___ 14 Alfalfa________________________ ___ __ ______ 15

(0 CI) (t) -

INTRODUCTION ~

Cl Crop production undel irri~ation is not subjected~ to the losses 4ricurred as a result of periodICul droughts often encountered even = the eastern United States However in eliminating this hazard b) developing an assured water supply the irrigation farmer assumes increased responsibilities Not only are costly structures required for impounding water or approximately equivalent investments necessary for otherwise developing~ water supply but other expenses are involved including the operation and maintenance of the system as well as preparation of the land and application of the water-all of which are substantial items in the cost of crop production Hence it is evident that while the possibilities of insuring returns are greater where the hazards of drought are eliminated the financial risks are somewhat increased Furthermore it must be lecognized that in a large measure the crops produced under irrigation come into direct competition with those generally grown throughout the country It is evident then that if a successful irrigated agriculture is to conshytinue the yields harvested from these lands must be larger than those of ordinary farming in order to absorb these increased fixed costs of irrigation

44747deg-36----1 1

2 IECHNICAL BULLETIN 512 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

It is becoming increasingly apparent that maintaining crop yields under irrigated conditions is dependent chiefly upon the following four factors (1) The relation of the quality of the water supplies and the character of the soil solution ns influenced by the irrigation water applied (2) injuries sustained due to plant diseases and insect pests (3) knowledge as to adaptable crops and varieties which will best meet the existing economic soil and climatic londitions of the region and (4) recognition of the importance of various crop sequences on the yields of subsequent crop yields as well as the extent to which yields are stimulated by such soil-improvement crops as sweetclover nnd alfalfa as compared with fertilizers or fnrm manure Fnctors 3 and 4 nre essentially ngronomic nnd the work of the field stations operated by this Division hns been centered on these problems

Like previous publications (4 8) 1 on the same subject this bulletin is devoted to a presentation of the results of It compreshyhensive series of rotntion experinHmts conducted nt the Scotts Bluff (Nebr) Field Station In view of the fnet that the results cover a 23-year period extending from 1912 to 1934 they make a substantinl contribution to the knowledge t the crops nnd rotationnl prnctices best ndopted to muintnin or incrcnse crop yields so thnt even when relatively low prices exist us in the pust few years the better farm practices have given profitnble returns

LOCATION AND SOIL CONDITIONS bull The irrigatcd urca here considered is located in wcstcrn Nebraska

and enstern Wyoming and includes some 375000 acres in the North Platte reclnmntion projcct and adjacent arens lying along the North Pintte River extending some 20 nUles into Yyoming and some 60 miles eastwalCl from the Wyoming-Nebraska Stttte line The water supply is obtained from the nnturul flow of the North Platte River supplcmented by storuge in the Pathfinrler and Guernsey ReservoilS As the water comes from the high mountains of Colorado the result of rains and melting snow its snIt content is low

The irrignted nrea hns an elevation of approllimlltely 4000 feet above sea level and is located on the western edge of the region where farming without irrigation is practicahle The local pr0cipishytation is slightly more thllIl 14 inches most of which flllls during the summer months April to Scptember The rainfall is decidedly variable and much of it occurs in the form of light locnl showers in such instnnees it is of little agriculturnl significilnee nnd irrigation is requirecl if good crop yields are to be hnrvested HuilstoJms occur occasionally The UVClfige frost-free period ut the field station for the past 24 years hilS been 133 days

The more impoltnnt crops of the IUca nre fornge crops nlfalfa plCshydornillating sugur beets potatoes small g1uins and corn Dairying is nlso an important farm enterprise As the North Platte project is surrounded by extensive ranges most of the sll1plus fOlnge und wain crops produced on the project are utilized by dairy herds and ill the fattening of lambs and to a lesser extent beef cnttle Howshyever the most important cash crops grown in the area are sugar beets and potatoes As this condition bus edsted for many years the problem of maintaining the yields of these crops has continually

I Italic numbers in parentbeses refer to Literature Cited p 16

bullbull

IRRIGATED CROP ROTATIONS 3

confronted growers While farm manure has been available on many farms the amount has been far short of the requirements needed to maintain the productivity of the soil Therefore farmers have had to resort to such rotational practices IlS are conducive to maintaining the yields of suOar beets and potatoes

The chief solls of the project range from a sandy loam to loamy fine sand with the Mitchell a very fine sandy loam predominating (9) The project is notably free from heavier soil types characteristic of many irrigated areas throughout the West The land is relatively productive and responds readily and favorably to good cultural practices such as well planned rotations and applications of farm manure Asidefrom the lowlands bordering the North Platte River the agricultural lands mostly have natural and effective drainage ~rhe soil where these investigations were conducted has been classed as TriPI very fine sandy loam typical of the e1iensive areas of tershyraces lymg north of the North Platte River Soils of this type are among the more productive found on the ]roject

The Scotts Bluff Field Station was established in 1910 on a tl1ct of land which had not previously been cultivllted The native vegshy

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1lGURE I-A view oC somo oC tho plots in the irrigated rotutions at the Scotts Bluff ]ield Station

etation consisted of helbllCCOllS plants chiefly grasses The land devoted to these inigated rotations was broken up in the fall of 1910 and seeded to oats in the spring of 1911 In the fall of thet year the field was laid out in 5 series of plots each comprising one-fourth acre In each series thcre are IS plots or It total of 90 in the 5 series The plots are scpaTllted by 5-foot alleys except that a 20-foot crossroad occurs between plots 5 find 6 Ilnd a 30-foot crossroad between plots 11 and 12 across the 5 series The series are numbered I to V from wost to east and the plots HJe nllmberedl to 18 from north to south Prior to 1920 plots 2 to 11 in series V were not used lor rotation exshyperiments but in thnt yelll t1 new 4-ycar rotation no 45 was started on plots 2 to 5 of that series llnd It new 6-ycal rotation was started on plots 6 to 11 In IH20 a 7~ycar 10tiLtion also WilS begun on 7 plots at the Boutt end of a series adjoining series I on the west These plots were designated series 0 ilnd the plots in the new rotation no 71 al~ numbered 12 to IS inclusive A partial view of severul of the plots is shown in figure I looking to tbe soutli(ast with series I in the foreground

4 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 512 U S DEPT OF AGRICUilrURE

The rotation experiments conducted at the stl1tion are similar in scope and character to those included at this same time as a part of the investigational program in effect at the Belle Fourche Field Station near Newell S DalLand at the Huntley Field Station near Huntley Mont which have been the subject of formal publicashytions (123567)

PLN OF THE ROTATIONS

The rotation mPeriments were planned to ascertain the effect on crop yields of (1) Growing crops in 2-year and 3-year rotations as compared with growing the same crops continuously on the same land (2) applying farm manure once during the cycle of these 2- and 3-year rotations comparison being made with similar rotations in which manure is not used and (3) incorporating alfalfa as a crop in the rotation comparison being made with similar 2- and 3-year rotations not including alfalfa

In addition to these mujor questions which constituted the chief aim of the rotation e)Periments information was sought on the folshylowing points (1) The yields of winter wheat as compared with spring wheat both of which may be grown in the area (2) the effect on the yields of spring wheat grown continuously and returning to the land each year the straw produced with a view to maintaining the supply

(of organic matter in the soil (3) the effect of rye plowed under for green manure on the yields of potatoes and oats grown as a 2-year rotation in comparison with the yields from a similar rotation without this treatment (4) the influence on subsequent crop yields of applyshying farm manure to rotations including alfalfa as well as the comparshyative merits of alfalfa and sweetclover the latter crop being harshyvested by livestock and 5) in 6-year alfalfa rotation no 65 the third year of alfalfa is harvested with hogs as well as the following crop of corn

The following crops were included in the original series of rotations started in 1912 No1 oats no 2 sugar beets no 3 spring wheat no 4 potatoes no 5 winter wheat no 6 corn no 7 spring wheat (straw returned) no 8 alfalfa no 9 flax Each of these crops has been grown continuously on the same plot every year since 1912

The following is a list of the 2-year and 3-year rotations in which the crops were grown in various combinations No 16 corn oats no 18 spring wheat sugar beets no 20 sugar beets potatoes no 22 oats sugar beets no 24 oats potatoes no 26 potatoes corn no 28 spring wheat oats no 30 potatoes oats sugar beets no 32 corn oats sugar beets

The following 2-year and 3-year rotations had farm manure applied in the sequence here indicated at the rate of 12 tons per acre No 21 sugar beets manure potatoes no 23 oats manure sugar beets no 25 oats manure potatoes no 31 potatoes oats manure sugar beets

In the following rotations alfalfa was grown for the period and in the sequence indicated No 40 alfalfa (2 years) potatoes sugar

2 rhose rolntlon cxperiments were planned nnd put into effect by C S Scofield agriculturist in charge of the Division orWcstcrn Irrigation Agriculture in collaboration with F D Farrell The supervisionor the field work and the pre(lIlrntion oC the detailed rCForts upon which this bulletin is based were undcr the direction or Fritz Knorr Crom 1912 to IUli be late James A nolden succeeded liS supershyintendent oC tbe station and ncted in tbn~ capacity until his death In December 1934

5 IRRIGATED CROP ROTATIONS

beets 110 42 alfalfa (2 years) oats sugar beets no 44 alfalfa (2 years) potatoes oats no 48 alfalfa (2 years) spring wheat oats no 60 alfalfa (3 years) potatoes oats sugar beets no 62 alfalfa (3 years) corn oats sugaimiddot beets In addition to the foregoing one rotation included both manure and alfalfa no 61 alfalfa (3 years) potatoes oats (manure) sugar beets

The following include the subordinate rotations No7 spring wheat grown continuously on the same land with the straw returned to compare with rotation no 3 no 27 oats rye plowed under potashytoes to compare with no 24 no 65 alfalfa (3 years pastured with hogs the third year) corn (harvested by hogs) flax oats

The preceding list of rotations include those that were started in 1912 In 1920 three additional rotations were begun as follows No 45 oats sweetclover sugar beets sugar beets (the sweetclover seeded with the oats and pastured with sheep) no 64 oats alfalfa (3 years) potatoes sugar beets no 71 oats alfalfa (3 years) potashytoes sugar beets manure sugar beets The purpose of rotation no 45 is to determine the possibility of keeping up the yields of sugar beets in a short rotation through the use of sweetclover which is pastured This rotation is not directly comparable to any other in the series it is rather to bo grouped with tmiddotlle subordinate rotations nos 27 and 65 Rotation no 64 qlay be compared with rotation no 30 though it differs from the latter in two respects namely it includes 3 years of alfalfa and the sequence of other crops is not the samebull In rotation no 30 the sequence is potatoes oats sugar beets whereas in rotation no 64 it is potatoes sugar beets oats This rotation may be compared also with rotation no 60 from which it differs in one respect namely in the sequence of crops other than alfalfa Rotashytion no 71 is comparable with rotation no 64 from which it differs in having two consecutive crops of sugar beets between the potatoes and oats with manure applied to the second-year sugar beets

In these rotation experiments each crop involved in each lotation is grown every year This requires that as many plots shall be devoted to each rotation as there are years in the cycle of each rotation By this procedure it becomes possible to compare the yields each year from the same crops grown in the different rotations

LISf OF THE ROTAnONS

The following is a list of the rotations arIt1nged in numerical order for convenience of reference

Crops grown continuously on the same plots

1 Oats 6 Corn 2 Sugar beets 7 Spring wheat (Rtraw returned)3 Spring wheat 8 Alfalfa 4 Potatoes 9 Flax 5 Winter wheat

2-year lOtations

16 Corn oats 24 Oats potatoes 18 Spring wheat sugar beetH 25 Oats (manure) potatoes 20 Sugar beets potatoes 26 Potatoes corn 21 Sugar beets (manure) potatoes 27 Oats (followed by ryfl plowed 22 Oats sugar beets under) potatoes 23 Oats (manure) sugar beets 28 Spring wheat oats

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6 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 512 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

3-year rotations

30 Potatoes oats sugar beets 32 Corn oats sugar beets 31 Potatoes oats (manure) sugar

beets

4-year rotations

40 Alfalfa (2 years) potatoes sngar 45 Oats seeded with sweetclover beets (sweetelover being pastured with

42 Alfalfa (2 years) oats sugar beets sheep) sugar beets (2 yeartl) 44 Alfalfa (2 years) potatoes oats 48 Alfalfa (2 years) spring wheat oats

6-year rotations

GO Alfalfa (3 years) potatoes oats sugar beets 61 Alfalfa (3 years) potatoes oats (manure) sngnr beets 62 Alfalfa (3 years) corn oats sligar beets 64 Alfalfa (3 years) potatoes sugar beets onts 65 Alfalfa (3 years pastured with hogs the third year)middot corn (harvested b)middot

hogs) flax oats 7-year rotation

71 Alfalfa (3 yenr) potntoes sugar beets (manure) sugar beets oats

The locntion of these rotations with reference to one another in the field is shown in figure 2

CULTURAL PRACTICES

In conducting these investigntions the methods adopted in pershyforming the vnrious cultural operutions were in keeping with the better plfLctices used in the locality In order thut the YIelds from the same crop in different rotntions would be directly comparable all were planted as nearly as possible at the smne time und of the same variety each yeur The treatment the plots received was as nearly identicul us conditions permitted all crops were harvested at the same tinle and otherwise received the same treatment insofar as conditions permitted

Irrigation water was applied so as to meet adequately the varying demands of different crops the aim being to mnintain the supply of soil moisture at the optimlilll for plant growth Alfalfn grain flax and other drilled 01 broadcast crops were irrignted by the flooding method while row crops were furrow irriguted

In the rotations where alfalfa followed sugar beets the seGd wns sown in the spring without n nurse crop ufter the Innd had been disked und harrowed In the rotations where the alfulffl followed oats the seed WIts sown with u disk drill in the oat stubble immediutely after harvest Except in y(ulS when ~rasshoppers were numerous or excesshysive weed growth interfered tIns method of seeding has given good results VVhen gmsshopper or other injuries huve been severe it has been necessary to plow the ont stubble in the early fall or the following spring and to reseed the alfulfu At times these unfavorable conshyditions have occurred throughout the period which uceounts for no f bullbull

first-year ulfulfa yields being given in certain instunces In the new rotations nos 64 and 71 aHalfu was seeded in the spring with oats as a nurse crop During the first years of this experiment alfalfusod was broken by u shallow plowing in the fnll followed by disking and deeper plowing the following spring In recent years it has be~n broken by plowing to a depth of about 8 lllches after growth starts III tho spring

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-----

---- ---- ---- ---- ----

- --- ---- ---- ----

-- -- ---- ---- ----

---- ---- ---- ----

----


middot O I II m v 4 8

1--26-- --18-- 1--16-shy

9

2

I 3

r---- ----- 1--45-shy

31 30 32 4

--27-- ---- ---- ---- ---shy5

6

7

8 --65-- --61-- --60-- 1--62-- 1--64-shy

9

10

I

12 ---- --23-- ---- ---- ---- ---shy

13 ---- --40-- --42-- --44-- r-48-shy

14 1---- -25-- 1----- ~--- ---- ---shy

71 IS

16 ---- --21-- --20-- 1--22-- ~-24-- --28-shy

17 f---shy

6 2 5 7 3 18

FIGURE 2-Dlngram showing the field location oCtho Irrigated rotations at tho Scotts DlulT Field Station


Sugar beets were seeded on fall-plowed Innd where the crop folshylowed smnll grain and on spring-disked lund where this crop followed potatoes 01 beets Seed of the Kleinwansleben variety was used and was obt~ined from the local sugar company The crop was cultIvated Uunned and harvested nccording to local farm prnctice

Where onts followed sugar beets COlll 01 potu toes the land WitS disked in the spring befoje seeding Whrn the precrding crop was small g1llin or flax the lund wus plowrcl the previous autumn and disked in the spring When oats followrd alfalfa the land wns plowed in the spring just before seeding A vnricty of OILts known as Colorado No 13 (Newmnlket) was used 1rom 1912 to 1927 and the Kherson (Nebrflslm No 21) variety hns since bern grown

Spring wheat wns sown on fnll-plowedlnnd except in rotations nos 18 nnd 48 In rotution no 18 the preceding crop WlS sugnr heets In this rotntion the plot to be sown to wheat WIlS disked in the spring just before seeding In rotfLtion no 48 the pieceding crop being alfalfa the land was plowed in the spring rhe College Defiftllce variety was used from 1912 to 1919 the Gnlgalos variety from 1920 to 1922 flnd the Marquis variety from 1923 to 1934 The plot used for winter wheat was plowed and hftl1Owccl about a week before seeding time The Turkey vnriety has becn lIsrd continuously

The plots to be used for potatoes wcre fall-plowrc for rotations nos 24 fl11cl25 amI spring-ploccl for the others In rotution no 27 where the preceding crop wns onts followed by rye the rye was seeded ill tho oat stubble soon nfter harvest and plowcd under the following spring The vv11ite Pearl variety of potu toes wns uscd from 1912 to 1918 the Downing in 1919 and tho Bliss Triumph since The plots devoted to COlll were nll spring-plowed A local Yllriety of Cnlico corn was used from 1912 to 1921 and n loenl yellow Ytlriety from 1922 to 1934

CROP YIELDS IN DETAIL

The rcsults fro111 these lotntion experiments from 1912 to 1925 r

were the subjcct of a pUblicntion in which the yiclds were given in detail for the 14 years (8) In the following tnbles only the mean yields are given for the period from 1912 to 1925 und the annual yields 01 Sllgltr brcts onts potatoes COlll wheat and alfalfa are included in detail from 1926 to 1934 Hence the annllul yields for the entire 23 yrlus are made available for comparison in this and the former pUblication afiolding nn opportunity to compnre in a number of ways the effects of the different crop sequences and treatshyments to which the crops uncleI consideration have been subjected It nlso permits the reader to observe the 1l11Ilual fluctuations in yields and yirle trends IlS influenced by the diflerent treatments

Substantial fillctuittions in yields are to be expectccl in crop exshyperiments of this nnture involving severnl crops and covering a long period of years Thrse fluctuations occur not only from yenr to yeltr chiofly because of the vicissitudes of the climn te but Itiso within the same year due to flccidentnl crop injuries The extrnt to which climatic conditions hllvc influcnced crop growth is well shown by observing the yenrly melln yields for the different crops In a lllrge mcasme the influence of the climate on the yields has becn minimized by ascertaining the yield departures of each rotation Itnd compnting these menn depllltures by 7-year periods in the

1

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tables giving the summllfized results Where nccidentlll injuries have occuned they have been absorbed largely by averaging several units so that the results recotded in the summary tables are believed to reflect the normal differences which should be expected under average irrigated farm conditions in the Scotts Bluff area

OATS

The yields of oats are given in detail in toble 1 also the mean from 1926 to 1934 together with the mean for the period from 1912 to 1925 The annual means have also been computed and of the 21 rotations those returning the highest and lowest yields are indicl1ted For the last 9 years no complete crop f~ilures have occurred although extremely low yields were harvested in 1934 This was due chiefly to a shortage of irrigation water which existed throughout the growing season of that year Also relatively low yields were harvested in 1926 and again in 1931 largely due to unfavorable climatic conditions while the oat crop was maturing

TABLE 1-Yields oj oals from the irrigated rotations al lhe ScoUs Rluff Field Sialion 1912-34

Acre yields (hushol~)

Rotation no 1-fenn Menn1Il20 1P27 1028 1920 1030 1031 1132 1033 19341012-25 1U2(J-31

L 406 Iii 5 377 371 203 220 104 34bullbull~ 271 48 247 10 48 1 00 23 ~ all () 23middot1 205 225 4a () 276 Jll 2middot1 5 22 041 143 390 462 200 201 216 155 225 174 274 23 051 184 006 SO 2 784 440 408 no 575 56 fj40 24 553 85 4 426 380 Ii II Ji5 271 209 155 21 2 25 627 200 700 amp15 740 355 36 () 598 486 144 603 27 62 3 14 1 308 662 378 227 145 404 343 7 a 3(18 28 443 83 221 3~ S 288 121 143 2middot18 183 44 187 30 590 134 280 474 310 190 181 45 3 249 17 I 273

~31 bull N bullbull ~ __ _ 714 306 564 844 605 400 425 783 1i10 181 li2bull 32 bullbull 409 114 31 Ii 252 190 209 215 408 230 22 Ii 240 42 bullbull 607 681 770 792 92 0 705 249 633 571 130 006 44 722 489 821 910 770 749 391 709 1i50 329 63 n 45 503 410 01 2 722 646 iii 1 358 514 42-1 16middot1 487 48 67 Ii 384 682 874 726 iii 1 258 743 001 170 550 60_ 71 Ii 510 706 1048 870 658 350 753 534 180 034 61 7~ 9 005 9ltJ0 1089 804 701 341 873 600 200 709

62_ ~ _ N M bull Ii 7 505 826 868 875 oa6 360 61l3 51 6 183 no 7 64 1670 653 895 78 8 632 033 209 611 49 Ii 109 575 65 727 351 890 95n so 0 539 240 810 5R 6 Ii 4 liB 0 71 IM3 615 1071 905 960 51 1 406 754 730 101 69 l

Annunl menn 619 34 Ii 60bull5 70S au 8 429 2RO ~ 440 150 400

Rotations returning highest yield 31 61 71 61 71 H 71 01 71 jj 01

Rotations returning lowest yield 2a 28 2S 12 32 28 28 28 28 28 28

~--- ~- --I Mean lfi211-2li

For the 9 years for which detniled yields are giYen rotation no 44 has returned the highest yields twice no 61 three times and no 71 four times out of the nine seasons Of those rotntions returning the lowest yields rotation no 32 appeared twice and no 28 the other seven timeR This latter is a 2-year spring wheat-oats cropping system which is a highly undesimble prnctice due in a large measure to excessive weed growth These results indicate that for the first 14-year period as well as for the lost 9-year period the most consistent high yields have been harvestrd from manured rotation no 61

44747deg-36--2

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There is afforded a direct comparison of the effect on the yields of oats of applications of farm manure as compared with alfalfa in rotations nos 23 manured and 42 which has 2 years of alfalfa For the last 9 years no 42 has outyielded no 23 by 56 bushels per acre The same comparison may be made with rotation no 31 as compared with no 60 tho latter outyielding the former for the sarno 9-year period by 11 bushels of oats per acre It is apparent from these results that applications of farm manure haye not stimulated the yields of oats to the extent that alfalfa has

Whon the annual moan yields for the first 14-year period 1912-25 are compared with the subsequent 9-year period it wIll befound that there is a difreronce in yield in fllYOr of the former of 159 busl1Cls per acre Hence it nppears there has been a general decline of productivity of the plots as a wholo Reforence to tho yields recorded in a former publication (8) indicates thnt the land was in a favorable condition for producing uniformly high yields during the enrly years For the first 3 years 1912 to 1914 the mean unnual yield was 855 bushels per acre-a mean annuul production not since equaled In vimv of this relatiyely high productivity of the lund when these experiments were initinted it is to be expected thnt the mean annual yields would tend to decline as a substantial numbor of th~ practices have proyed to have an adyerse eflect on the yields of oats

SUGAIt DEETS

bullThe acre yields of sugar beets are given in table 2 as this crop appears in 17 rotations As hns occurred with oats the mean annual sugar-beet yields of 1934 wero the lowest recorded for 2~ years chiefly clue to a shortnge of irrigation water TABLE 2-Yields oj 8ltgal becl$ Jrnm the ilri(accl lnations at the Seoils Bluif

Field St(Uon1012-S

Acro yields (tons)

HotnUon no 1enn 11)26 192i 11128 W20 1030 1031 lfelln11I12-2i 11132 HI33 1914

1D26-34 ---------------__shy2 ____ 0- 03 114 li1) 88 07 Ii 8 45 04 4 I 27

N _ ~ _

18 11 ( 78 80 110 I 3 02 58

i I 78 4a20 bullbull 119 8(1 80 79 ~ _ 6 fl -I 105 U7 8 U 7 2 110 fl 0 4 I i 921 164 ]00 141 200 ]03 181 148 159 158 11 I 16222 Jl3 79 06 00 9 I ll () 00 7 I 81 4 IZl 8 IIR2 17 n 17 U 215 100 214 17bull i30 ~ bullbullbull 15 II Ii 7 110 180II 7 UII 111 11)1 78 9li n f) 8j 72 5 I 8031 ~ 170 150lin 215 18 I 18middot1 161 Jtt5 12 I 177

~ ~~ ~ 12bull ~ ~ lJI 102 84 102 111

li41116 08 8 62 5040bullbull 84180 108 lll II() II 7 lll 18 142 12 -I 104 14142 ~ 159 150 164 lrJ ll l 18 I Hi 1 153 1024-1 t 200 108 143 164 165 18 I

42 1 103 2UI liO 175 IOS 12 I 17 I16 Ii la3 10 (I 1117 14 I 102 14 I HI 147 87 14360 ~ bullbull )51 lao u 111 157 142lao 140 10 l 100 102 12601 Ill 1 11101115 21 0 17~ 2 11lt8 li417n 1311 13 i Ii 462_ 147 118 12 n 10 I 105 JII 110 HO la I 10664bullbullbull___ 1~8187 1117 HI 2 20 a 12-t 110 liiS 16 i 153 107 15271- 1 101 lao 126 200 120 128 144 21 071-21 10a lS2 lit 210 1l4 100 14 I

180 202 la7 202 17 142 177 -~--~-Annual rnmIlL IliO ------------ shyt i 1211 In7 la I 14 n 121 136 111l 01 lao~ ==== = = --=== n~~II~~~_~~~~~~~~~~~I~~ -IIH at 21 01 ZI 23 01 71-1 Zl 71-2 23

Hotlltlons rtllrnlng lowest 31 yield _ 2 2 2 2 2 2

1 rhere nro 2 crops lr ~ugllr beets grown dllrfnl( the completion of the cycle or TIItlltion nos 45 nnd 71 45-1 Implies tho first crop lind 45-2 tho second lheslIlnc proLIdllre Is followed In rotutlon no 71

I Mean I02(-25


The mean yield for the period 1912 to 1925 is 156 tons per acre with sweetclover pastured rotation no 45-1 returnin~ the highest yield although this rotntion was not included in the series until 1920 On the other hnnd manured 2-year rotntion no 23 retumed the highshyest yield for the 9-year period1926 to 1934 lith 09 ton more tlian the yield from no 45-1 When the highest allllunl mean yields for the 9 years are compnred no 61 had 3 years no 23 had 4 yenIS and rotations nos 71-1 and 71-2 hnd 1 year each when the yields were equal to or the highest of the 17 cropping systems It is pnrticulnrly

FIGU1E S-A Sugar heels in rotation 12 which hud neither alfalfa nor manure Mellll yieid of I))cl~ 1026-3i 84 tons per Dore Oompare witb B (Photngrnphed Juiy 22 10aO) B t Sugur heots in rotnOon 45-1 w hloh had swoctciovcr pastured I year llcun yiold ofbeots102tHJl171 tons per acre Oomparewith A (PhotOgm[lhod July 22 1030)

significant thnt all of these rotations returning the highest yields had applicntions of farm manure or pasturing was practiced In every instance rotation no 2 which is constantly cropped to sugar beets is the lowest Of the untreated rotntions no 32 hilS returned the highshyest mean yield of 84 tons per acre fhis is 87 tons per acre less than has been harvestecl flOm no 45-1 for the same period This latter rotation has only 1 year of sweetclover which is pastured and is otherwise intensively cropped as one oat nnd two beet crops are grown during each cyCle (fig 3)


POTATOES

The mean acre yields of potatoes are recorded in table 3 In conshytrast to the yields of oats and sugar beets the mean annual potato yields for the first 14 yeaTS were less than those harvested during the last 9-year period A review or the yields for the first few years subsequent to 1912 indicated that the virgin soil conditions eXIsting at that time were not favorable for the production of as high potato yields as has developed subsequently As has occurred with the previous crops low yields were harvested in 1934 because of a shortage of irrigation water

PlGUItE 4-A Potatoes in simple 2middotyenr rotution no 20 Menn yield of (lotntoes 1026-34 1446 bushel~ per ncre COlllpare with B CPhotogrnphed August 16 1931) B~ otntoes in 4yoarrotntion no 40 which Is shnllnr to rotation no ~O excopt thnt It hnll 2 yenrsof nlfnlrn lYlennyield ot potntoes 1926-34 2845 bushmiddot cis per ncre Compnre with A (Photogruphell August 16 1031)

For the two summarized periods 1912-25 and 1926-34 the highshyest mean annual yields of potatoes were harvested from 6-year alfalfa rotation no 64 with 6-year manured alfalfa rotation a close second in both instances When the mean individual aIlIlual yields are conshysidered rotation no 71 was the highest once nos 60 and 64 twice each and no 61 returned the highest yields three out of the nine instances In all 11 instances the lowest yield was harvested from continuously cropped 10tation no 4 Compamble with the results obtained with oats including alfalfa in the cropping program particshy

--------------------

-- -------------------

IRRIGATED CROP ROrATIONS 13

ularly for 3 years has been distinctly more beneficial in its effect on potato yields than have applications of farm manure The favorable influence which alfalfa has had on the yields of potatoes is apparent when the yields from this crop are compared in rotation nos 40 and 20 These two rotations are similar except that no 40 has 2 years of alfalfn whereas no 20 is an untreated rotation For the last 9 years the mean yield from no 40 was 1399 bushels in excess of the yield from no 20 (fig 4) TABLE 3-Yields of potatoes from the irrigated rotations at the ScoUs Bluff Field

Station 1912-34

Acre yields (bushels)

Rotation no Me~5 1926 1927 1928 1929 11130 1931 1932 1033 1934 ~~pound4

---------1---------------------- shy4____ bull_____ bullbull _______________ _

1002 1153 85 060 81 7 945 460 i72 837 203 78320_______ bull____ _bullbull ____ bullbull___ 150 II 1620 13S0 1933 lin4 130 -I 113 a 1313 Hi3 793 144621_____ bullbull_____ bull____ bullbull _____ __ 2097 3407 2320 3840 3107 2265 2020 2587 3011 903 271724 _____ bull___ bull________________ _ 1604 1600 1567 1853 1705 1160 1120 1006 1831 487 1381

25bullbull__ bullbullbull _bullbullbullbullbullbull_____ 2287 331 3 2827 3593 3125 231 I 2middot173 2427 3474 373 205726 __ bull____ bull_________ _bull __ bull __ bull11 ________bull ______________ __ 1458 1260 1207 1613 055 1200 OS7 lIOO 1608 713 1144

1862 2073 2600 3400 2761 1020 1700 1720 m3 720 210730__ bullbull __ bull___ bull _bullbullbull __ bullbull ___ bull __ __ 1830 2047 2154 232 i 227 S 141 1 1807 1503 2335 1193 100431 bullbullbull____________ ___ bullbullbull ___ _ 2332 277 328ft 0 414 7 38~ 5 2405 277 3 2980 362 I 1327 297940____ bull__ bullbull __ __ bull ___ bullbull _____ _ 2764 3803 2620 3413 2702 270) 3373 1880 384 I 1027 284544 _____ bull ____________ bull_______ _ 2750 3127 2307 3473 3055 281 3 2600 1553 3817 300 250360 ______ ____ _______ __

61 _____________ ________ __ _ ~8~O_4mampmlm3~7_7_U~3 3188 3040 3R1 a 3nU4 4431 3515 304 II 2540 3233 3900 1487 3310

M ____ _ _ __ _bullbull__ 130911 3747 3204 4427 330 J 335 II 3453 2547 4152 105 a 332071 ___ __ ______ bullbullbull l_l_0_7m7~6_0~3_6_7007 3050

Annual me~n_____ 2223 27 ) 2400 3192 262 5 2212 2040 2017 307 II 927 2304 ===========

Rotations returning highest yleld__ _________ 60 6] 01 31 64 01 60 64 64

Rotations returnlJg lowest yield ______ bullbullbull___ _ __ __ 4 4 4 4 4 I

I Mean 1020-25 WHEAT

The acre yields of wheat as this crop has appeared in the various cropping systems are given in table 4 The yields which hav been harvested throughout the 23 years indicate that whetLt is not a good crop under irrigation in the Scotts Bluff area The results further justify the belief that wheat is less profitnbIe than either oats or corn TABLE 4-Yields of wheat from the irrigated rotations at the Scoll~ Bluff Field

StatiorL 1912-84

Aero yfehls (bushels)

Rotation no Menn 1912- 11120 IU27 1928 1920 1030 1931 1932 1033 1934 ~b~t

25 34

3____ _______ __ _ 172 01 113 150 117 50 88 120 00 49 075___ bullbullbull______ bullbull ___ _ ~ll 1 0 180 200 132 1I0 03 01 07 13 087___bull__ bull ____ bull _____ bull __ bull__ __ _ 108 00 12 I 150 00 01 80 125 80 60 0818_______ bullbull _bullbullbullbullbull_bullbullbullbullbullbull ___ bullbull 231 58 173 201 125 73 117 167 105 39 11528______ bull ___ bullbull__ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ___ 186 57 127 130 104 94 87 141 94 45 0848__________ bull __ bullbull____ __bullbullbullbull 279 110 237 253 224 267 119 282 311 4 203-Annulil mean ________bull 200 67 150 183 133 11 1 06 150 111 35 118 ============

Rotations returnln highest yield ___ __ bull__________ _ d d d d d g g g g 7 48 Rotations returning lowest yleld__bullbull_____ bullbull ________ bull 28 28 5 48 3

14 TECHNICAL DULTJETIN 512 U S DEPT OF AGRICUIJTURE

However it should be noted that in any of these rotations which include wheat crops are not included that would contribute to the prodllCtion of large wheat yields From 4-year alfalfa rotation no 48 te highest yields have been harvested in aU instances with the excepshytIOn of the abnormal year 1931 Because of the water-shortage conshyditions that year such minor yield differences I1S did occur are valueshyless Disregarding the year 1934 the lowest rields came twice each from rotations nos 3 5 7 and 28

CORN

Corn appears in 5 different cropping systems in these experiments and the results are given in table 5 for the 23-year period In the unfavorable year 1934 the yields fmm this crop were distinctly more satisfactory than were those from either oats or wheat the mean being 25 bushels pel acre The highest mean annual yields of corn were harvested from 6-year alfalfa rotation no 62 For the two summary periods 1912-25 and 1926-34 the lowest mean annual yield was from continuously cropped plot 6 In 5 out of the 9 indishyvidual years plot 6 also returned the lowest yield and no 16 in 3 of them

1For the last 9-year period it is worthy of note that when the mean yield from plot 6 is compared with the 2-year corn-oats rotation no 16 there is a difference of only 04 bushel per acre in favor of the latter cropping system Thus it appears that in the case of a 2-year rotation including corn and oats but little better results may be exshypected with corn than would be the case were corn grown contrnuously on the same land

TABLE 5-middotYields of corn from the irrigated rotations at the Scotts Blllff Fteld Slationll)12-34


Rotntion no Menu Menn 1912- 1926 1927 1028 ]029 1030 1911 1932 193a 1934 1926-

M M --------1---- -----------_ --------shy6 16 middot bullbullbullbullbullbullbull __

320 middotlllO

257 171

]03 106

140 181

JO 4 283

224 28 n

143 194

21 7 145

155 143

223 194

IS5 IS9

26middot 197 200 240 177 255 273 240 205 309 IS3 231 12 __ ~O ao ~I 1 KO 1 ~I ~I 3 9 27tl 62 ~2 4 ~4 S ~6 7 ~I ~O 3 3 507

AUllUlllmelln 422 240 207 207 298 366 264 244 275 250 278

Hotntlons rctllrninl Ighest yield __

Rotations returnIng lowest yield

62

J6

02 62 62 62 62

6

62

101 62

16

62

26

62

6

ILAX

While flax has been included in two cropping programs in these experiments continuously cropped plot 9 and rotation no 65 the results obtained have been very ullsatisfactory In 7 out of tlie 14 years 1912-25 no measurable yields were harvested from this crop (8) The yields obtained from 1926 to 1934 have been even less satisfactory Consequently a table giving the yields of flax is not included in this bulletin Throughout the 23-year period it has been apparent that in the Scotts Bluff area the conditions believed to be clueHy climatic are not favorable to profitable yields of this crop

--------------------

----------------------

IRRIGATED CROP ROTATIONS 15 ALFALFA

Alfalfa was incorporated in these experiments primarily for the purpose of observing its residual effect on succeeding crop yields when grown 2 or 3 successive years in a number of rotations as comshypared with similar rotations not including alfalfa Also there is afforded an opportunity of observing the influence alfalfa has exerted on the yields of the different crops under consideration as compared with applications of farm manure While alfalfa is grown for 3 successIve years in rotation no 65 the yields from only 2 years have been harvested the third year the crop was pastured Wlth hogs The alfalfa yields recorded in table 6 have been assembled in such a manner that it is possible to observe the yields the first second and where they occur the third year from seeding The alfalfa yields given for no 60-1 signify the first year from seedin~ no 60-2 the second year and no 60-3 the third-year crop No YIeld is recorded for continuously cropped plot 8 in 1934 Because of excessive weed growth which materially reduced the stand of alfalfa this plot was plowed in the fall of 1933 and remained fallow throughout the fol1ow~ mg season Further it will be noted that in a number of instances no firs~year yields were harvested Because of unfavorable weather or other conditions at the time of spring seeding an unsatisfactory stand resulted When this has occurred the land has been fallowed throughshy

~ out the summer and reseeded in the late summer Or early fall

TABLE 6-Yieldl of alfalfa from the irrigated rotations Scotts r JjJ Field Station 1912-34

Acre elds (tons)

Rotation no Mean Mean1926 1921 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 19341912-25 192amp-34

8 _bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 498 428 318 626 518 484 407 354 350 000 3874(-1_ __ bullbullbullbull___bullbullbullbullbullbull_____bull 97 96 4 00 192 122 150 00 152 00 874(-2bullbullbull___bullbull_bullbull_____bull 4i1 560 316 540 548 488 3 CO 502 534 438 47742-1 ______bullbull __ bullbullbullbullbull___ 99 92 74 00 236 108 164 00 100 00 8642-2bull___bullbull ___bullbull_bullbullbull____bullbull _ 434 485 244 580 480 380 200 4-00 148 438 390 44-1 bullbullbullbull __ __ _bullbullbullbull 207 86 60 00 300 268 190 00 1 3d 00 11644-2 __bullbullbullbullbullbull ___ bullbullbull__ bullbull ___ 443 474 270 644 544 416 410 434 132 426 4114amp-1 _ bullbullbullbull __ bull _bullbull_ __ -bullbull - 220 00 54 00 364 294 220 00 106 00 115 4amp-2bullbull _____ 388 5ml 282 446 4f14 546 428 418 110 556 424 60-1 __ 94 1 30 is 00 170 280 134 00 12d 00 102 60-2 ___bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull- bullbull-- 447 507 328 482 446 362 516 450 400 488 44960-3bullbull_bullbull____bullbull __bull___ bull____ 525 600 412 558 610 408 462 462 512 500 50361-1 __ ______bullbull __ bullbullbull _ 100 114 104 00 200 204 178 00 140 00 115 61-2bullbull __bull __ bull __bullbullbull_bullbullbullbullbull___bullbull 462 626 378 634 400 494 528 466 559 512 52161-abullbull____bull _____bull_____ bullbull bullbull_ 547 673 438 666 606 408 588 564 518 606 503 62-1 ____bullbullbullbull 00 82 70 00 204 254 1 R6 00 142 00 102 62-2bull __bullbullbull___bull __bullbullbull__ bullbullbullbull _ 450 564 288 454 4(6 374 402 104 430 424 437 62-3 __ __bullbullbullbullbullbull_ 523 591 414 580 614 474 482 510 588 520 531M-ll __bullbull_bullbull__bull__bull __ _ 371 5)8 338 488 556 300 lll8 534 449 484 43664-2 ___bull _____~__ bullbullbull 500 513 418 684 614 514 380 498 564 600 538114-3 bullbull __ ____bull___bullbull___ 511 584 358 716 62l 402 500 424 532 400 52161 _______bull __bull __ bullbullbullbull______ 18tl 1011 Jst 00 450 407 40 310 156 00 18465--2 bullbullbull____bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull___bull___ bull 458 027 402 694 600 556 588 292 635 622 557 71-1 1bullbullbull __ ___bullbullbullbull__ bull __ bull 464 512 306 478 530 47l 22 420 497 424 432 7I-2~ bullbullbull __ __bull____bullbullbullbullbullbull 414 558 3 SO 602 614 364 430 4 to 564 352 47511-3 __bullbullbull__________ 558 598 412 576 508 508 442 458 5 is 2 70 483

Annual meanFirst yeer __ ________ bullbull 114193 174 07 330 277 169 26 200 91 178 Second yeur____bullbull 445 554 331 570 010 449 434 443 414 486 46UThlrd year __bull __ bull ___bullbull 533 010 407 610 592 458 49 546484 471 520

I In rotltiQns nos Mand 71 nlfalCa seed was drilled in with tho oats hence 64-1 and 11-1 imply the yieldsthe secondyenr from seeding In all other rotations seeding Is practiced tbe frul belore or In tbe spring of the first yent

bullbull

16 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 512 U S bEPT OF AGRIGUilrURE

The lowest mean annual yields for each year and from both periods have resulted from the first 8eason as is tobe expected Satisfnctory yields have been harvested the second season but as a rule the thirdshyyear yields are somewhat greater For the 9-year period 1926-34 the highest mean yield for the third ypar 563 ton per acre is from manured rotation no 61-3 The second highest yield of 557 tons for the same period is from rotation no 65-2 the second year from planting and in a rotation which includes harvesting the third-year l1lfalfa and the following corn crop dth hogs These annnal mean yields of alfalfa afford an opportunity to observe the vnriation in yields from one season to another and the y-ields which ordinarily may be e-pected FIOIll 1926 to 1934 the third-year mean annual yields have rf)nged from fL minimum of 407 tons to a ma)l111um of 61D tons per acre vith a mefin for the D-year period of 52 tons per acre

ANNUAL FLUCTUATION IN YIELDS

There hnve been given in the foregoing tables the crop yields of oat sugar beets potatoes wheat com and alfalfa summarized for the yenTS H)l2 to 1925 and in detilil for the years 1926 to 1pound)34 Tllls method of presenting the dnta affords nn opportunity to obselTe the trend of the yields throughout the 9-year period as compared with the previous 14-yenl moan for the different crop sequences as well as the annual fluctuations It is appluent that for the 9 years where it is possible to observe the yields in detail thore have been seasons highly ftwomble fll large crop yields such as occurred in 1928 and other se[1sons when the conditions were highly unfavomble such as was experienced in 1934 For the 9-yel1r period the growth or other conditions hnye so operated thl1t the crop yields were correspondingly fl1vomblyinfluenced as ill 1928 and depressed as in 1934 Howeyer other seasons htwe occurred when the yields of a certllin crop lwYe been high such as those from potatoes in 1933 whereas for the S[1me yea~ sugitr heets ret~rned the second lowest mean yield harvested dunng the 9-yellr penod

In order to afford iln opportunity of observing the annual fluctul1shytion of yields from 192G to 1934 table 7 is presented The riclds are exprfssed as percentlLges for each cmp listed bnsed upon the mean I1llDunl yields for elLch crop and its departure from the mean for the ycnrs Also following these figures there ure included the meun yields similarly expressed for the entire 23 yeurs but divided into three 6-yeur petiods and one 5-year period compu ted from the 23-ycur mcan yields

ToBLE 7-J[wn annual acre yiclds of oafs sligar beets poaocs cont amI wheat expresed a~ percentages oj the mean yield of oll plots in delail from 1926 to [934 and by 7(rioci for the cllli((~ 28 ye((r~

~(OP--~~~lllmll-II-19291 1930 middot1-19J~32-1~~J - ~ I _ 1912- I 1918- 1924- 1930shy

1 - gt i Ii t Zl 29 31

------1-gt-1---- --- --- ---1--gt~ gt~j II j j f OlllSbullbull_bull _ 75 132 1M 130 I 93 r2 1 127 ~l ~ 33 119 l J()I 0- Isgt1

SU~flr hlclL 10~ 119 121 101 115l U5 1 105 1 92 i 70 HiSl 100 lOt S8 POlltOCS 11 i 102 135 1 lit 4 87middot ll6 110 i 39 100 78 128 92 Corn ___ bull 86 96 1071 107 132 95 I 88 9U I 00 1 131 97 I 87 77 WheJt ___~~_ - _l~_~_~I~~_~L~ ~~__61

rcun -I lO j II3 i134 I l121 1110 IS~L 107 IOI~L ~2 1_ 122 f 95 103

~ ~

shy

77

r


In considering individual years with the exception of corn the highest percentages occurred in 1928 with an annual m~an for that yenf of 134 definitely the highest for the 9 ycars The lowest for all crops except corn occurred in 1934 when the mean percentage for the year was only 52 percent 32 points less than for 1931 the next lowest year These figures emphasize the fact that the 4 years 1926shy29 with a mean percentage of 112 were distinctly more favorable than the following 5 years which have t) mean percentage of 91 This is further reflected in the summary percentages given in the last four columns fhe highcst menn of ] 22 percent oc(tlrred the firstshyyear period and the loweRt of 77 ))ereont wus recorded during the last 5 yenrs The next lowest WitS 101 the 1918-23 period

YIELDS FROM THE VARIOUS CROPS I THE DIFFERENT ROTATIONS SUMMARIZED

In compiling tho results from these rotation experiments (tables 8-10 12 and 13) it appeared thatlotatiollnl effects could be most satisshyfactorily observed and compored if the yields were summarized as neurly as possible in four equnl periods By determining the mean yields for a period of yeals the fluetuations not nttributed to treatshyments to whieh the different crops have been subjected are minimized with the result thut these assembled yields more accurately portray the differellces which may be eXPected under average farm conditions in the North PIntte Valley The results are summarized for the 23 yenIs by three 6-yeur periods covering 1912 to 1929 and a 5-ycur period1930-34 In addition to (omparing one rotation with nnother tbe rotutions ure grouped in such a numll(l that the yields from the 2shyand 3-yeur rotations both untrcated nod trcated ns well as those luwing 2 and 3 yeuIs 01 ulfu1fa llllly be COmppoundLled with the continushyously (ropped rotations Pnsturing is in(olpoluted ns it tlea tment with swcetcloyer inlotation no 45 nnt ith ullallu inlotntionllo 65 It is possible to ObSelYe the influcn(e this treatment hns had on the yields of sugnr be(ts on ts and (0111 Following these yield figures are the stanciUId er1OIS 101 (n(h period ill (a(h rotation fotmiddot the five rops uudm consideration As fitl as llossible to eliminttto seus)nal varintions these stunciuld onors hnye been computed from the dcpurshytures from the menn annunl yields of nIl tho rotations rrhese standard CLlorS afrOId It mensuro of the significnnce of the yield diflelCllCes whieh lllwe occurred

In olumns 7 to 10 (btbles 8-10 12 alHl13) arc given tho departures of these menn yields from the valious rotntions for the fie eraps from the mean yillds of nll rotntions for eneh of the fOllr ppriods The menn depnrmiddottures for the tour ppJiotls or for tho pnst 23 ycals alC ginm in the 1nst (olurnn This method of presentntiollllflolds menns of obsC1ving the depnrtures of the yields from endllotn tionlcfcJcnced to the menn of 111 tho diflclent lotations for the difleltnt periods us well ns indishyeating th~ yield trends rDlcse yield differences hlwe a prneticnl nppJiention pnJti(ulally wWTl sugnr beets nrc considered It hus been found thut tho me un yield of beets from aU of these rotations has not vnded greatly from tho projct yields t1fl reported by thc Burcau of Reelnmntion lIenee it rnny be assumed tlint the rotntions which 1wvo rpturned n minus difference are below the North Platte

447J7deg-nU-3


Valley average whereas those With a plus difference are above the extent of course depending upon the magnitude of the plus or minus differences In a measure compamble comparisons may be made with the other crops involved

Among other features these results emphasize the need of a conshystructive system oj crop rotation or special treatment of the soil if the productivity of the soils on the North Platte project are to be mainshytained In addition they contribute further evidence that while satisfactory yields may be obtained for some years if only crop rota~ tion is practiced and no special treatment is included in tho cropping program yet eventually yields will decline without an occasional application of farm manure or unless such soil-improvement crops as alfalfa and sweetclover are included in the cropping program It has been apparent that most immediate results in connection with the improvement in yields may be e~pected from applications of farm manure However the livestock population on the North Platte project has been able to supply only a small part of what would be required were maintaining the productivity of the soil dependent wholly upon such treatment TillS condition was recognized at the time these e~periments were begun and alfalfa was included nrgely for the purpose of determining how effectively it could be utilized in the cropping system as a substitute for manure Later sweetclover was added partly because of its more rapid growth the first season and also because when it is pastured the danger of bloat is less than with alfalfa In certain rotations observations have been made to ascertain how profitable the procedure may prove to be when corn alfalfa and sweetclover are harvested with livestock as compared with the more common pmctices of harvesting these crops for grain or hay It was believed that deternlining the effect on succeeding crop yields when this praetice was followed might result in assembling further information on how crop yields could be even more economishycally stimulated aside from the applications of farm manure

In tables 8 to 13 the benefits in the form of increased yields due to improved cropping systems lue clearly apparent However there are other important advantages not always reflected in crop yields Growing the same crop on the same land even for a few years not infrequently results in excessive weed growth intensifies the damage by plant diseases and insect pests or increases the expense of their control There are still further ndvantages reSUlting from crop rotation vVhen such a practice is followed two or more crops are necessarily included in the cropping program thus diversifying the farmers activities It is generally accepted as a fact in areas devoted to the production of the more common ftmll crops that farmers who diversify areable to utilize their time and equipment more effectively than if they are Ittrgely or wholly confining their operations to one crop middotWhen fnrmers arc not dependent solely upon an income from a single crop as a rule their business is on a more stable basis and a financial loss resu) ting from low yields or depressed Erices on a parshyticular crop does not necessarily Indicate that they will sustain losses on their combined operations for the season It is obvious that all the advantacres of a well-planned rotation are not reflected in the foregoing and following tables but such factors should be taken into

~

19

~

~

IRRIGATED CROP ROTATIONS

consideration ~hen th~ comparative merits oi the differeut cropping system~ aro bemg considered

In making comparisons of the differences in yields obtained from the various crop sequences and treatments applied in these rotations which are summarized in tables 8 to 13 it is recognized that but little emphasis should be placed upon the results for the first 6-year period1912-17 The land where these experiments were conducted was quite productive when first broken with the result that in almost all instances good yields were harvested during middotthe first few years as is apparent from the detailed results previously recorded (8) Hence the differences in yields which have OCCUIT~d during the latter years may be attributed to the rotational practices and treatments to which the different crops have been subjected

By combining the yields from the different crops and trefitments into 5- and 6-year periods extreme seasonal variations and accidental injuries have been minimized yet there have been cycles of several years when the mean yields were relatively high as compared with other periods Such conditions obtained throughout the first 6-year period 1912-17 for all crops as is apparent from the percentage figures given in table 7 Lower yields were harvested for the second 6-year period seasonal conditions being distinctly unfavorable for the 1l0tato crop in 1918 for sugar beets in 1920 andsomewhat unfavorable for oats in 1919 and again in 1921 On the other hand for the three major crops oats sugar beets and potatoes the yields were above the average for the third 6-y~1r period 1924-29 The lowest yields for all five crops were for the 5-year period 1930-34 There were 2 unfavorable seasons during these 5 years In 1931 the climatic conditions were unfavorable for satisfactory yields for all crops listed ~gain in 1934 chiefly due to a shortage of irrigatio~ water very low YIelds were harvested from the five crops Durmg none of the years 1930 to 1934 were conditions notably favorable for the producshytion of large yields as the highest mean percentage for aU crops given in table 7 is 107 with a 5-year mean of 77 percent In a large measure these facts afford an explanation as to why the yields of sugar beets oats and potatoes particularly for tlle last period are mat~rially less than for the preyious period 1924-29 eyen with the better cropping programs Consequently in comparing the results given in the tables consideration must be given to the varying seasonal conditions in order that erroneous conclusions may not be drawn

OATS

The aVQrage annual yields of oats with the standard error and deptLrtures are given in tltble 8 for the 4 periods In addition to affording nn opportunity of comparing the summnry yields from the different lotatlons one with another the rotations are grouped and the yields aycrnged as follows Continuous cropping 2-year untreated rotations 2-ycar manured rotations 3-year rotations lmtreated and 1 having an application of manure 4-year rotations having 2 years of alfalfa 6-year rotations including 3 years of alfalfa 2 rotations having 3 years of alfalfa and also an application of farm lIlanure once during the completion of its cycle and 2 rotations nos 45 and 65 which include harvesting crops with livestock

--------------

---- ---------------

-middoti~-O-~-~ ~_

TABL] 8-lIfean annual yield~ of oais compared with the anmwl 1IlC(tns of all rotations showing thc cffect of continuoliS cropping simple tv orotations lIIanllrtgt Cllfalfa alfalfa and IIla7l11re Clnc pasturing at the Scotts Bluff Field Station 1912-34shy

t-3 lUcan ncre yie](ls oC oats (bushels) 6middot and 5-year periods t1

~ ILlcrenso (+) or deerenso (-) as I Rotation Crops in the rotation Periodic yields lind slundnrd error compared with tho periodic Meun Q

means of all rolntions depurmiddot

Igtturescor

I t --- tbe4

lDl1-17 1018middot23 IU24-2ltJ 1930-34 1912-li 1918-2amp 192129 11930-34 periods td

conM~~~~smiddot~~~~~~~middotmiddotmiddotmiddot1 Oatsbullbullbull_ 1~lIxl 78 136 8plusmn2 51 I134284 ~= --SA -208 -248 -167--177 ~ bullbull __bull_ t-3------ ------------

2middotyenr rotations untreated Z No 16 Corn antsbullbullbullbullbull 50311 74 43 middot1plusmn4 IS 25 0plusmn3 40 257 plusmn3 sa -100 -1middot13 -302 -121 -167 _No 22_~ ~ ~ bullbull ~~~ _ ~~~ ants sllgllr beets _~ _w fi7III(14 4~ 1plusmn4 96 al4plusmn28S 23middot11514 +10 -182 -268 -143 -146 en No 2middot1 Ont$ potlltoeS bullbullbullbullbull liS 9plusmnI 57 4571427 33 1plusmn2 92 21 0plusmn5 51 +27 -120 -251 -108 -128No 27_~_~~~ ___ bull__ _~_~ _~ OllIs (Collowed br rye plowed untier) pomiddot i2plusmnt07 51 Splusmn2 56 41 2plusmn4 29 25 6plusmn2 ~9 -9U -39 -170 -121 -6U tgtI

tlltoes qNo 28 Spring whent oots ii7 3plusmn5 311 351plusmn2 00 20 6plusmn2 II H 8plusmn4 52 -90 -226 -316 -230 -216

lean (50 454 121 I 22 1 -13 -142 -261 -157 -143 1Jl ====

2middotyear rotations mllIlurcd tI~to23 ~~~~~ ~~ ~+~~~~ Ollts (mllnure) lt1l(lIr l)cetsbull 69 5plusmn2 45 I63 1plusmn3 08 G48plusmn367 H 414 72 +3 I +541 +661 +661 +55 tltl1No

Mean_

25__

bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

~ _ ~ ~ ~_~~ Oats (munure) potatoes h bull

_bullbullbullbull ri6

Ii 714bull6

1620

GO Oplusmn I 85

1648

ti4 8plusmnI 37

1417

3S 9plusmn2 52

I -2

+3

6 +1 2

+43

+66

+60 - +39

+1 1

+a8

+2 1

l d

3middotyenr rotntions untreated o No 30bullbullbull __ bullbull __ bullbull 36pOlntocsonlssunrheelsmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot16ii4plusmn304I561plusmn357 1 4plusmn3m 1251plusmn4311 -91-161-2181-127 -93

I No 32_ bullbullbullbull_bullbullbullbullbullbullbull Cornolltssugorbcets O49plusmn624 43 6plusmnmiddot1 03 255plusmn414 259plusmn550 -114 -141 -325 -119 -175 gt

1Icnn___ _~~ _ _ ~ __ ~ bullbull __bullbull _bullbullbull 602 499 310 215 -62 -79 -272 -123 -134 ===== ~

610plusmn278 1 47 9plusmn3 02 1+1041 +1461 +281 +1011 +95 o

---- ~ ~

) t ) ~T tbull t ltf ~

fIe1 ~ t ~ bullW

+1266-year n1falln rotntlons unttented 1 +70I I INo60_______________________________ Alfalfa (3 years) potatoes oats sugar lJets_ 68 312 09 6871125 83612 00 4901355 +2 0 +111 +15 ~ +11 9 No6lt_______________________________ Alfnlfa (3 years) corn oats sugar beets___ 55414 01 6~ 411 81 79012 57 47812 ~ -10 8 +78 +208 +10 C +98No64_______ ----------------------- Alflllfll (3 years) potatoes sugar beets oats ___________ 6501322 7421422144113681 ______1 +70 1 +16 0 I +6

(started 1920) 1fenn_____________________________________________________________ -__________ 619 004 78 9 472 l---=ul +8 61 +2081 +9 middot1+98

= = I- and 7-year alfalfa rotations manuredNo61_______________________________ Alfalfa (3 years) potntoes oats (manure) 697plusmn 68 731plusmn337 9551217 5431E12 +341 +1541 +3731 +1651 +182 )

su~ar beets +29 +245 +153 +142No 71_____________________________ Alfalfa (3 years) potatoe~ sugar beets ____________ 01 2plusmn3 26 8271661 5301488 (ulIlDure) sugar beels oats (started 1920)_

Mean-----_----------------------t------------------------------------------- 697 672 891 537 I +341 +921 +3091 +1591 +16 2

PllStured rotations +1 No 45___________________________ bull __ _ 39812 52 -131 -6 +21Oats with sweetclover sweetclover passhy 5671304 1 5701299 Qtured with sheep sugar lJeets (2 -years)

(started 1920) I I I ~

No 65 ____________ ________ ____ __ _ Alfalfa (3 years pastured with hogs third 7041406 7281400 764145214461604 -31 +1521 +18 2 1 +68 +1011 ~ year) corn (harvested by hogs) filU oats bull ~----1----1---- ------------ shy

~ean____________________________ 1_____________ bull _ __ _------- -- --- -------- --I 70 4 6middot18 670 422 -3 I +i1l1 +88 --45 +51 0

~ C

C 0 1-3

~ 0 Z til

t-)

~

22 TECHNICAL BULLE1IN 512 U S DEPT Ol~ AGRTCULIURE

In considering the mean yields of the different rotation groups the lowest yields have been harvested from the continuously cropped oat plot with those from the untreated 2-year rotations second With one exception the highest yields have been harvested from the 6-year alfalfa rotations which received apI)lications of farm manure Of the 21 rotations the most fayomble resll ts with oats lllwe occurred in rotation no 61 which has a plus departure of 182 bushels per acre Th0 second 1110St ffworable results luwe been obtained from tle comp~t1able rotation no 71 with a menn departure of + 142 for the three periods l)asturing has not stimulated the yields of oats as compuled with 2- or 3-yenl alfnlfa rotations us rotntion no 45 has a mean depmtl1lc of only +01 and no 65 +100 with a n1ean for the two of +51 However it should be noted thnt no 45 hilS 2 yems of sugnr beets following the pastured sweetcloyel and the oat crop is preceded by a crop of flax in no 65 In this latter rotashytion the weed problem in the oat crop hus been a yield-depressing fadOlmiddot

In the mean departures for the 4-yeul period plot no 1 has a mean of -177 the lowest of nny of the treatments with the 2- and 3-yenl un trented rotntions IHxt in order Applications of farm mnnure have proved distinctly beneficial in stimulnting the yield of Ol1ts as compnred with those rotations not so treated as plus departures have occurred in the menn for the two 2-yenr rotations and the one 3-yelu rotation The highest mean departure of 162 bushels is from rotnLions nos 61 and 71 both having 3 years of a1falfa and nn nppJication of manure during each cycle In analyzing the results flom the individual rotntions the lowest oat yields have been harvested from rotation 110 28 outs and wheat This hns not pro((l to be n desirable combinntion for obtnining sntisfnctolY yields of either on ts or wheat the yields being llultelially depIessed due to the difficuitT of controlling weed growth Veed growth nlso has )(Ien nn important fuctor in depr(ssing the yields of onts in the next lowest plot 110 1 with n drpmtuIo of -177 bushelgt

SUGAn ImETS

Table 0 stlmmariz(s the menn Here yields of sugar beets presenting the results stntisticnlly as were those obtained with outs in table 8 In nIl there 11lC 17 rotations and 19 yield comparisons as the sugarshybeet emp appears twic( during- thp completion of the cycle of nos 45 and 71

Consistently the lowest yields have been harvested from plot 2 with the three 2-yenr and the two 3-ycnr untreated rotntions giving the second lowest yields The l1rxt poorest results have been obshytained from the thle 6-year alfnlfn rotations nos 60 62 Ilnd 64 which hwe 11 mean plus departme of only +06 tOIl per acre Of the remniiling groups the two mlUlUlwl-alfnlfl1 rotntions nos 61 and 71 hllve the melln highest dcplu-tllle with the two 2-yelll lllllIlured rotllshytions 01 ton less fot the 23-YCfll l)(riod Of the remnining groups the most sntisfuctolY yields hft vo resulted flom rotntion no 45 nnd the two 4-year alfalfll rotations nos 40 Ilnd 42 of +23 and + 1J tOllS respectively

1

I

fJ ~ ) ~ i-J ~

T~RliE 9-1Ilean a7l11l1al yields of sugar beets compared with the annual means of all rotations showing the effect of continuous cTopping simple Totations manUre alfalfa and manure and pasturing at the Scotts Bluff Iticld Station 1912-34

1fean IIcrc yields of sugar beets (tons) 6middot and 5-ycor periods

IIncrease (+) or dccrcase (-) ns Crops in the rolatlon compared with tho periodic IMeanPeriodic yiellls null slumlnrd error Rotation means of all rotations deparmiddot

(u[csCortho4

periods1024-29 193()-341912-17 I 1018-23 I I 1~11018-231~1~

Continuous cropping -75 -03 ~ 1081030 I 781103 1 7610 42 1 4910 35 1 -301~ -74 0No2 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull1 Sugnr beets bullbullbull -- bullbullbull bullbull gt

8 No ISbullbullbullbull middot bullbull Whent sugar heets -16 -38 -48 -52 -a1l

2middotyear rotlltlons unlrented -1 -56 -53 -50 -401461 76 851591 97143 73131 t-1 131plusmn50 IO3plusmn11I 102plusmn42 71plusmn2middotj tNo 29 middotmiddot Sugar bectslgtotatoos bullbullbullbull __ middotmiddot 1l 41 nR71 091[2 72 is -19 -43 -51 -51 -41

n ---- -12 -46 -51 -Ii I -401 72 ~N~I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~s~~~l~~~I =9==1135 P5 ===1===== = = = 0 d2middotyear rotntillns manured +26 +35 +34 +24

No 21 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull __ Rugar heets (mllnme) potatoe~ 1471100 1071 37 1851 681531 bull i9 -1 +41174plusmn51 181161 198155 170179 +27 +40 +48 +47 ~No23 ____ Oats (manure) sugnr beets - ----- 0 +42 +41 -+33Hi I 174 112 162 +13 +33

lIfean - =-= ~ = = 8

3year rotations untrented -52 -40 -18 -42 -46No ao Potatoes onts sugnr beets bullbullbullbull __ bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1291 011 901 5211011 31 I 711 46 0-19 -45 -48 -middot18 -401201 1i0 071 OS 1O2plusmn 41 761 50No 32 __ middot Corn ants sugar heets middotmiddot Z----- ----- ----------- (J2

-10 -44 -41 -50 -401t9 08 1103 74 1 = = =~~~~=middotmiddotImiddot~middot=middot~~bull -1-~-2-plusmn--84-illn9plusmn 42 I188plusmn 7011081 57 +35 I +281 +381 +44 1 +30

4middotyellr alflllrn rOlutlons INo40 lfnlfn(2years)polaloessugnrboolsbullbull __ 176plusmn 50 180plusmnI27 157198 I44plusmni1 +28 +38 +7 +20 +23 No12 Alfulfa (2 yeurs) Ollts sugar heets 1481132 J71I 99 1511 89 bull~~~ 2~1~1~1 +15_I_+~

Menn____ 102 176 154 142 +14 +34 +9 +18 +10====

~

-----------------------

TABLE 9-Mean annual yields of sugar beets compared with the annual1lleans of all rotations showing the effect of continuous cropping simple ~ rotations manure alfalfa and manure and pasturing at the Scotts Bluff Field Station 1912-34-Continued

Rotation Crops In the rotntlon

4yenr sweet cloer (pastured) rotnt lOlls NO4amp-1-----------------------------1 Onts witl sweelcloer sweetcJomiddotcr pusshyNo 4amp-2____________________________ Imcd With Shlep sugar beets (2ears)

(sturted 1920)

Menn ncro yields or sugnr beets (tons) (j- nnd 5-year periods ~ cl l

Increase (+) or decrease (-) as Z Periodic yields nnd stnndllrcl error compared with tho periodic 0Mean

menns of nil rotations deparshylures for gt

ti I the4 193CH14 periods1912-17 1918-23 192-1-29 193O-M 1912-1i I 1918-2311924-29 tc

Ci ----------------1----------- t

1621 93 11941 64 1 16 il 40 14 011 is 162154 136155

Menn____________________________I_______________________________-------------1---------- 1 15 1 11i s 1 12

14_R 159 1130

I =58 1631 59

90 1391162 =45 17212 18

----I 6 15S

+231+1

1--------1 +121

-i +6 -6 +3

+10

+4 4 1 +43+12 +12

+2sl +2SI

+4 -5 -7 +4

+31 +19

-7 +6 +9I=I=I~I +61

~ +37 3+S

Z +23 Qt

t1

-1 -2 Ci

+20 2 tj+6 trJ ~ 0 Irj

gt G) d 0 Ci t 3 Ci d trJ

-~t ~ l ~ ~ ~I t ~ ~

bullbull

25

-

fRRIGATED CROP ROTATIONS

When the results from the individual rotations arc reviewed it is found that the highest yields have been harvested from the 6-yeal alfalfa rotation no 61 which has an application of manure preceding the beet crop This cropping system shows an indicated increase of 109 tons pCI acre over the continuously cropp~d no 2 The next best results have been obtained from the 2-yeur oats-beets rotation no 23 which gets an application of manure every other yeur preshyceding the beet crop As compared with the continuously cropped plot there is an indicated superiority of lOA tons PCI ncre throughout the 23 years The other 2-year mnnured rotation no 21 is superior to the continuously cropped plot by 87 tons of beets However in this instance manure did not immediately precede the beets as in rotation no 23 but was npplied to the preceding crop potatoes The yield differences of beets resulting from rotations nos 45-1 31 und 71-2 closely follow those obtuined fom rotlltion no 23 From these results it appears that harvesting one or more crops by the pasturing method is nearly as effective in stimulating the yields of beets as are applications of furm manure

Alfalfa alone whether growing for 2 or 3 years lnd regurdless of the crops and sequences hus not resulted in stimulating the yields of beets us have applications of farm mllnure or the practice of pusturing The lurgest increuse over continuous cropping is 86 tons per acre from rota tion no 40 no 64 is second with 83 tons In both of these lOtations the beets are preceded by potatoes In other instnnces oats are the preceding crop a sequence which hilS not resulted in us satisfactory yields as have occurred where the beet crop hus followed potatoes The exceptions have been with nos 23 and 21 but in these cases the oat crop is followed by an applicution of munure in no 23 hereas in no 21 the manure is applied to the potatoes

A comparison of the beet yields from rotation no 40 with those from rotation no 42 shows an incrense of 09 ton per ncre in fnvor of no 40 Rotations nos 60 and 62 have minus departllIes of 01 and 02 ton of beets respectively This mlly be Ilttributecl chiefly to the fact thnt not only do oats IHeeede iHlmiddotts in both instances but also thut two crops intervene betweell the alfalfa and the beets itS compured with only one crop in the cuse of rotl1tion no 64 which has a plus departure of 20 tons of beets These results further indicate that as fl1vorllble leslllts lllay be expected with 2 years of Illfalfa as with 3 yeurs this is nppOTent W11Cll tho beet yields from rotution no 40 nrc compared with those from no 64

POTATOES

The yields of potfltoes are given in tnble 10 us this crop appears in 15 difterent croppin~ systems There is one continuously cropped plot four 2-year rotatIOns untrel1ted and two which receive npphcashytions of farm munurc one 3-year untreated lotlltion und a similar rotation to which JUanure is applied There lire six ulfulfa rotatIOns two having 2 years of alfulfll two having 3 yeurs of ulfnlfa und two having 3 yenrs of nlfnlfa together with nn n]lplicntioll of farm mnnure during each cycle

--------------

--------------

1-3

1iy ~-~ ~ _c-v ~

TABLE lO-Mean a1poundnual yields of potatoes compared with the annual means of all rolations showing the effect of continuous cropping simple ~ rotations manure alfalfa and alfalfa and manure at the Scotts Bluff Field Station 19112-84

lIfean a-re yields of potatoes (bushels) 6- and 5-year periods Il o tl ZIncrease C+) or decrease (-) as

Rotation Crops in the rOhltion Periodic yields and standard error compnred with the periodic Menn o means or all rotations ___I_--__~__ depnrmiddot t

gtturGS for I the4 1912-17 1918-23 1924-29 1930-34 1912-li 11918-2311924-29 1930-34 periods tr

-------------------------------1---------- ~ Continuous cropping ~ No_ 4________bull ___bull____bullbull__________1 Potatoes____ bull_____ bullbull__bullbull_______ bull__ II265plusmnlS021591plusmn1l50I1114plusmn1079 65 2plusmn26 051 -SO 71 -11431 -17501 -14OSI -1277

~ 2middotyenr rotlltions untreated Z

No 20--------------1 Potatoessugnr beetsmiddotmiddotmiddot ___bullbull __ bull__________middot11834plusmnS221 1080plusmn15531701plusmn S371263plusmn191l -405 -653 -1162 -79S -7S5 NO24_____ bull_____ _____ bull____ Potatoesonts___ __ 1 -416 -S24 -1016 -93S -724 enbullbull IS23plusmn16431210plusmnlS74 1847plusmn S84 1123plusmn1349 NO26__ ___ Jotntoes corn __ _ 17S 7plusmn13 941016plusmn1162 1475plusmn S45 1043plusmn22 97 -481 -71S -1388 -1017 -901 tgtNO27_________ ___ Potatoes oats followed hy rre plowed

under) ___ __ __ 18S 9plusmn2732 1522plusmn 984 2741plusmnHS6173Splusmn 745 -350 -212 -123 -326 -253 ~

lIfcan____________ I __ __ bullbull jIS26 1120 7 jt941 11291 _iT1~ -527 -922 -770 -65S = ---= Ul

2middotyear rotations ID1nured No 21------1 Potatoes sugnr beets (manuTel bullbullbullbull bullbull 12121plusmn13 971154 5plusmn171SI3341plusmn12081235 5plusmn16 S7 -1181 -lSSI +7S +294 +117 tINO25_________ Potatoes onts (ID1nnrc) ____ 229 7plusmn1O 01 1914plusmn 9S7 326 9plusmn16 21 221 2plusmn18 59 +58 +IS0 +40S +151 +199 Il------ j

lIfenn_______________ I _______bullbull _--1220 9 11730 13305 12284 I -301 -41 +4421 +2231 +15 S 3 3-yenr rotation untreoted

No30____bull ________ ____ bull POUltoes oats sugnr heets_ 2254plusmn 94211318plusmn 703 2ISSplusmn131S 166Splusmn1936 +151 -41 51 -6ifll -3931 -36S Ij o

3-yenr rotation ID1nured NO31_________ Potatoes oats (manure) sugnr beetsbullbullbullbull __ 246 Iplusmn 421 185 5plusmnlS 25 339 5plusmnIS 67263 9plusmn1204 +223 +121 +532 +S78 +364 shy

Gl4-year alfulfo rotations No4O___bull_______ __ Alfnlfa (2 years) potatoes sugnr heets 269 9plusmn2D 95 2120plusmn 931 344 Splusmn19 30 2584plusmn25 92 ~ NO44_________ ______ Alfalfa (2 years) potatoe~ outs__ 295 Splusmn1509 215 2plusmn20 86 33OSplusmn16 92 2221plusmn2949 +i16 +418 +442 +160 +434 o+4611 +6861 +5821 +523 +563

Mennbull_________bull_______bull ____________________bullbull___bull_____ 2827 2286 3375 2403 +589 +552 +51 2 +342 +499 ~ ==== Cl

~

-lt A ~ o 1 ~1

~~~~~- ~lf~

-- r ~ - q~

6-year alfalfa rotations untreated No 6O~______ ----------------------- Alfalra (3 years) potatoes oats sugar beets_1m 4113 961258 7=116 131372 7=112 21 2i6 6plusmnl2 441 +54 61 +S5 4 +8641 +70 SI +74 2NO64______________________________ Alfalfa (3 years) potatoes sugar beets oats

(started 1920) _______________________________________ 2-tl91 S39 38341 768 303311583 ________ +710 +971 +912 +884

bull____ bull--______________________~____________ bull______ 2iS4 2003 - 2900 ---------Mean_________________________ 3iS +M6 +is2 +918 +839 +813

6- and 7-year alfulfa rotations manured bull == = NO61______________________________ _illalfa (3 years) potatoes oats (manure)

sugar beets______________________________ 20031191827771154639541 851 285 6112 63 +724 +1043 +109 1 +795 +913 NO71______________________________ Alralfa (3years) potatoessugar beets (mashy

nure) sugar beets oats (started 1920)_______________ 210212376361511118 2i6212531 +393 +751 +702 +615 ~ Mean_________ bull___________________ -________________ __________________________ 2963 2440 3785 2809 +i2-4 +718 +921 +7411 +764

e

~ tl

g o C

~

~ ~

bl ~

~- -~


As has occurred with oats and sugl1r beets the lowest yields have been harvested from the continuously cropped potl1to plot which for the 23-year period hils a minus departure from the mean yield of 1277 bushels per acre The next lowest yieldin~ group is the one including the four 2-year simple rotl1tions w1nch hnve a minus departure of 658 bushels with the 3-yel1r untrel1ted rotlLtion third Of the three reml1ining groups which include alfalfa and applications of farm manure the largest menn departure is from the 6-year rotashytions including alfalfa secondly from the two alfalfa rotations to which mlLllure is ILpplied and thirdly the 4-yelLr rotations including alfalflL Applicntions of fann mnnure npparently hnve stimulated the yields of potatoes above the mean yields of nll rotations to the extent or 158 bushels in the 2-year rotations and 364 bushels pel ucre in 3-yeal rotntion no 31

A complLrison of the results from the individual rotations shows thnt the highest yields of potntoes for any period and for the entire 23 yenrs have been hlLrvested from rotation no 61 to which farm llllLllure is npplied This rotl1tion has a menn yield for the four periods of 3138 bllshcls lind IL plus departure of 913 bushels per acre Howshyevcr this yield is only 172 bushels in excess of no 60 lllwing a similar period of alfalfl1 but not receiving the manurial trelLtment In view of the fact thnt there is a relatively high standard errol this differshyence clLnnot be considel~d significlLllt The results obtained from no 60 as complLred with no 61 arc confirmed by those recorded from rotation no 7] which bCls the Innnmial trentment The benefits in the form of incleltsed yields of potatoes from 3 years of nlfnlfa ns comshypared with rotations nos 40 und 44 having but 2 years arc clenrly ILpparent there being a menn deptLrtulC diffennce in favor of the former of 314 bushels PCl ucre

ApplicHtions of farm mnnure have definitely stimulated potato yields Rotntions nos 20 and 21 are similt11 as to LlOPS but the lattel had an appliclLtion of manllle every other yoar find preceding the potato crop The met1n plus depnrture of 872 bushels pCI ncre mny be attributed to the manurial treatment This is a slightly more flworashyble difference than the 732 bushels pel acre between the 3-year rotations nos 30 and n fhl1t rye plowed under has had a beneficial effect in stimulating the yields of potatoes is appnrent when the yields from rotnt-ion no 2middot4 fire eompared with those from rotation no 27 there being u difference of 471 bushels in fuvor of rotation 27 The mean yields for the 23-year period from rotations nos 20 and 24 are quite compamble but the pOhtto-corn rotation no 26 has returnshyed the lowest yield next to continuo11sly cropped plot 4

In the foregoing discussion of the results WIth potatoes in the rotashytions total yields llllvc been recorded Throughout the 23-yea1 period t-herehlls been 11 marked vLliation as to the quality and size of the potatoes from the different rotations Tubers harvested from the continuously cropped plots uncI the 2-year rotations showed definitely more scab injury whereas in the IonOer rotations pnrticshyulady those including alfulfa they were nearly free from the disease These facts are not reflected in the yields reported Throughout the period u record has been kept of the percent of cull potatoes based llpon locnl standards In order to ufford an opportunity of observing the VHriation in the percentnges which huve occurred

lt

-

-- --


table 11 is included This gives a description of the rotations and the percentage of cull potatoes

TABLE l1-Percentage of cull potatoes 1Jrodllced in the irrigated roiations Scotts Bluff Field Station 1924--33

Rota- Rota-Per- Pershytlon Crops in the rotation tion Crops in the rotation cent centDO DO

Potatoes contlnuously _______________4 31 40 Potatoes sugar beets alfalfa (2Potatoes sugar beets ________________ yeurs) ____________________________ 20 1R 7 21 Potatoes sugar beets (mnnure) _____ 10 44 Potatoes oats alfalfa (2 years) ______ 7potatoesoats______________________ bull 24 15 60 Potatoes oats sugar beets alfalfa (1 years) __________________________Potatoeq oats (manure) _____________25 9 7Potatoes corn _______________________26 18 61 Potatoes oats (manure) sugar beets aUaUa (3 years) ____________________27 Potatoes oats (followed by rye 6plowed under) ____________________ 11 64 Potatoes Rugar beets oats alfalfa (3

Potatoes oats sugar beets _________ years) ______bullbullbullbullbullbull ______ _ _ bullbull_bullbull 31 Potatoes oats (manure) sugar bcet~ 11 71 Potatres sugar beets (manure)

sligar beets outs uUaUa (3 years) i

30 15 7

The results recorded in table 11 are for the 10-year period 1924-33 The year 1934 was not included as the data for that season were not complete The earlier years were omitted for it is believed that the recent conditions more nearly reflect what should be expected under farm conditions were these rotation practices in effect for a correshyspondingly long term of years The highest percentage of culls has been harvested from continuously cropped plot 4 The next two highest percentages of cull potatoes were harvested fOm 2-year rotations nos 20 and 26 each of which have 18 percent These results indicate that applications of farm manure have reduced the pershycentage of cull potatoes in comparable 2-year rotations as is evident when the cull percentages from untreated rotations nos 20 and 24 aTe compared with those from manured rotations nos 21 and 25 The lowest percentages of cull potatoes consistently have been harshyvested from the 4- the 6- and the 7-year alfalfa rotations

WHEAT

Table 12 affords an opportunity to observe the effect of SLX diffeL~ ent cropping systems on the yields of wheat There are three plots continuously cropped to wheat two 2-year untreated rotations and one 4-yenl alfaUn rotation In one of the continuously cropped plots the strnw is returned to the land and plowed under preparatory to the next seasons seeding The other two plots include one devoted to spring wheat and the other to winter wheat With the exception of alfalfa rotation no 48 it was not anticipated that any of these cropping systems are of a nature to return satisfnctory wheat yields although it was believed that uReful information would be developed as to the extent that wheat yields would be influenced by such farm practices

The lowest yields have been harvested from the three plots conshytinuously cropped to wheat and only from alfalfa rotation no 48 have reasonably satisfactory yields been obtained For the 23-year period this rotation has returned a yield of 247 bushels per acre

----------

---- --------------------

TABLE 12-Jfean annual yields of wheat compared with the annual means of all rotatiolls showing the effect on wheat yields of continuous ~ cropping simple rotatiolls and alfalfa rotations at the Scotis Bluff Field Station 1912-84- o

Moon acre yields of whoot (bushels) 6-llnd 5-yenr periods ~

Rotation Crops In the rotation

Continnous cropping No 3---------1 Spring Whoo1 ____ bullbull __bull____bull______________NO5_________bull _ Winter whoot______bull _____ ____ bullbull _ No 7___ --______ _ ___ Spring wheat (stmw returned) ___bull _____ bull__

Jenn__ --_-- ----- _ 1 ----------------------------- 2-yenr rotlltions

NOIS_____ bullbull_bullbullbullbull __ bullbullbullbullbull_ Spring wheat sugar beets bullbullbullbull__ bull____ bull No25_____________bull__bull__ _ Spring whent oats_

4-yenrI~ ~~~~~---- -- middot1------middot----------------------- No48bullbull________-ICnICa (2 ycnrs) spring wheat onls bullbull

Periodic yields lind stnnullnl error

1912-17 1018-23 1924-29 1930-34

12 5plusmn0 70 S4plusmn113I239plusmn1 05111 3plusmn1 0224 3plusmn2 84 16 4plusmn1 81 H7plusmn150 i 5plusmn160 22 6plusmn 82 120plusmn 4i 12 2plusmn1 21 S3plusmn143 -----_ _-

1 13 2 S1ZI 6 113bull 1 l shy=-2i8plusmnIOO II94plusmn111 I IOOplusmn OS I 96plusmn102 29plusmn181 154plusmn 41 121plusmn 74 92plusmn70

254 174 1141 I 94

314plusmn1 10 228plusmn1 it 250plusmn153 119 7plusmn408

Increase (+) or decrease (-) as comshypared with the periodic lIlenns of all 1Menn deshyrotations partures

for the4bull bull periods I

1912-1i I 1918-23 I 1924-29 I 1930-34

------------ ~

-16 -49 -12 +2 -9 -30 -12-31 1 -21 1 -2 9 -29 -42 ~--==-=-~ I

-30 -25 -24 -24 - - _ -

+32 +4 -S -8 -35 -12

+12 -16 -10

+59 +66 +94 +92

01 tgt)

+13 -20

~ -4 --- til

+78 t1 ~ o IJ

gt-

I ~

~ f~f J ~ ~ ~

31


These results indicate that the wheat straw returned actually has had a slightly adverse effect on wheat yields as 110 7 where this practice has heen followed has returned a 23-year mean yield of only 138 bushels the lowest of any of the cropping systems The next lowest yield is from continuously cropped spring wheat plot 3 with a yield for the complete period of 140 bushels the 2-year spring wheat-oats rotation is third with a mean yield of 149 bushels Slightly better Tesuits were obtained with winter wheat continuously cropped which has a mean periortic yield of 157 bushels However none of the difference m sting among nos 3 57 and 28 can be conshysidered significant

CORN

In table 13 am given the yields of corn in the five different cropping systems which include this crop Corn is grown on one continuously cropped plot on two 2-year simple rotations on one 3-yemmiddot simple rotation and on 6-year alfalfa rotation no 62

As 1ms occurred with the other crops discussed in this bulletin the lowest yields of corn have been harvested from the continuously cropped plot with the two untreated 2-year rotations the second lowest and the 3-year rotation third The highest yield 557 bushels of corn per acre has been harvested from the 6-yeilr nlfalfa rotntion no 62 This is 293 bushels in excess of the yield from the continushyously cropped plot which returned a per acre yield of only 264 bushels That corn yjelds are materially in excess of those harvested from the wheat plots is apparent when the results in table 12 giving the wheat yields are compltled with those from corn recorded in table 13 The highest wheat yield harvested from nlfalfn rotation no 48 totaled 247 bushels per acre or 310 bushels less thnn the corn yields from rotation no 62 There is a slight dilfcrence in the yields of corn between the two 2-yeur nnd the one 3-year lotution but the differences which have occurred nle slight and when coml-ftred with the standard errors are not considered significant

COMPARATIVE VALUE OF THE DIFFERENT ROTATIONS

The foregoing pages have been devoted to a presentation of the results indicating the extent to which the vltlious crop sequences I)nd treatments have influenced the yields of oats sugar beets potlLtoes wheat and corn but this method docs not nfford an opportunity of evaluating nnd compnring the various rotations when each is conshysidered as a complete unit It is apparent that the yields hl1ye lIuctushyated thin wide limi ts as certain crop sequences hl1ve resul ted in good yields while with others less jntisfactory lesults lmve been obtained Becfluse of the higher production costs of the stnple fulm crops irrigation farmers are forced to incrense their yields proportionately if they arc to compete successfully with those engaged III similtlr entershyprises on unirrignted lllud While Telutiveiy large yields are essentilll to ft successful ilrigntion agriculture the actual and indirect costs incident to obtaining stich yi~lds ale oC equill importance Sugar beets and pobltoes nrc tho cllH~f cash crops produced on tho North PJl1tte project and for 23 yelLrs 1ll1ve proved to be tho most profitable crops ~rown but it shoul(L not be assumed thnt tile cropping systems returmng the highest yields of these crops are the most profitttble

ltH ~~--~~t~-~r

TAlILE 13-Mclln annllal yields of corn compaed with the almllal means of nil rotations showing the effect on corn yields of continuous cropshy~ l ling spoundmple rota(ioTls ald alfalfa rotatimls at the Scotts Blllff Field Station 1912-84 tgtJ

-------- ----------------------------------shyreun nero yields (( corn (bu~hels) 6- nnd Iimiddotyenr periods ~

1 38113 35 1Zi3plusmn2~5120middot9plusmn2691192plusmn2ro I~I~I~I~I~ 2middotyenr rotntlons

Ngt 16middotmiddot 1 Corn olltS1 541plusmn141 1 296plusmn180 1210plusmn232 1192plusmn132 H5 -60 -07 -87 -50 iNo 26 PotlltOes corn 48 0plusmn1 60 310plusmn355 272plusmn2116 242plusmn215 -7 -45 -44 -38 -34 Menn__bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull en30 3 1246 IiiI Ii 1 1217 I +1 9 1 -531 -i1 I -631 -42

~to)3middotyenr rotntion No32 Corn oats sugllr heeL~ 4S4plusmn1 34 133 7plusmn1 71 130 8plusmn2 23120 3plusmn2 026-ycnr alfalfa rotlltlon -12 -18 -0 -17 -14 cI No62 Alfalfll (3 yenrs) corn oat slIgur blCls 584plusmn354 50 1plusmn5 23 5( 2plusmn5 iO ro 9plusmn2 is ~

+88 +206 +25 6 +229 +195 IJl

lj tltI

~ o l

n cI S ~

Uotntlon Crops In the rotntlQn Periodic yields IHld ~tnndnnj error

1012-17 1U8-23 1924-29 1930-14

ContInuous cropping No 6-_____ bullbull _~__r Corn______bullbullbullbullbullbull _bullbullbullbull

Incrense (+gt or decrenso (-) ns comshypared with tho periodic means o( nlI IMean doshy ~ rotlltlons pnrtures

(or the 4 perods ~

1912-17 1918-23 1924--29 193fH14

-----1----1--------- lf

1 1tmiddot t ~f A t 1- ~ ~

IRRIGATED CROP ROTATIO~S 33

Before this can be ascertained infonnation must be made available as to the estimated net retums from aU crops induded in the cropping program In general diversification of crops is to be commended but the results recorded in the following tables emphasize thnt conshysidertttion must be given as to the e--pected retWns from the entershyprise as a whole if the farmer is to make the most of his opportunities

In addition to affording an opportunity of ascertaining the merits of diversification insofar as this practice is followed in these various rotations other significnnt compnrisons may be made It is possible to measure the value of stoble mtlDure when it is applied ewry yeiu to the plot continuouslv in nllalfn to fLsccrtoin the value of mouWe in a 2-yetLr rotation and wl1eth(r l11nnuring is more profitable in 2-ye1r or in 3-year rotntions In rotation no 61 which receives an applishy(ation of stable manure eNY sixth yeilr preceding sugnr beets it is possible to determine to Whitt extent such a practice increilses the net retUlns by comparing it with no 60 which does not receive such treatment The total voJue of each of a number of rototions in which alfalfa is included has been determined and milY be compared vith others where this crop is not induded Considering the initial high first-year eost of seed 11ncl seuroeding together with the low yiclcl some information is made available as to whether alfalfa should be left in for 2 or 3 years In rotation no 45 the harvesting of sweetelover by livestock has been practiced which is followed by sugar beets for 2 successi( years A mNlsure of t1H~ mlrits of this -practice is possible

The procedure followed in arriving at the estimated net returns for each rotation -as as follows The production costs were determined by using for the cultural-operation costs those rpeognized as somewhat standardized in the community such for instance us contract labor hauling sugar beets harvesting grain plowing tuxes and irrigation water Other items of e)-pense SUell as disking harrowing and plantshying were estimated bnsed partly on the experience in performing these operations at the station ns well tts obSetTations milde among the farmers on the project In arrh-ing at the (osts of growing sugnr beets $18 WilS the figure us(d to (oyer contluct bbor costs III all instances $11 per acre vus nllowed for woter costs tool maintenance misceishylimeous repairs intNest nncl depreciation The cost ot applying farm manure was estimtlted os 87 pel ncrC The unit value placed on the dilferent crops is beliewd ilot to be in excess of the average vniue of these crops for the 5 yrnrs 1130-34 nnel is ns follows Alfnlfa $7 per ton sugar beets $6 pl~r ton oats 40 cents per bushel marketshyable potatoes 50 cents per b_tilj(~l wbile culls were alued at 15 cents per bushel eorn 60 cen ts p(r bushel whent 75 c(nts per bushel The net returns have been computed on only one rotation no 45 where harvesting with livestock has been prtlcticed Other e--penses in connection with pustudng sweetclovel in this rotation were the value of the grain or hay fed together with the estimated costs incident to caring for the liYestock in this instance $7 per acre for the season The returns were computed upon the net gain in weight unel the value of the gains based on tbe prevailing price paid for such livestock to farmers in the community In computing the returns the mean yields for the 23-year period have been used The results are giyen in table 14

bull


TABLE 14-Comparative value oj the different rotations Scotts Bluff Field Station

Rotemiddot Relashy Rote- RelashyCrops treatments IInltl sequences tinn tlve Crops treatments lind sequenccs tion tlve

no value I no value I

Sugar beets (nmnure) potatoes ____ 21 $2823 Alfalfa (2 years) oots sugllr heets __ 42 $678 Oats (with sweetclover) sweet- Alfalfa (2 years) potatoes oats ___ _ 44 446

clover pastured sugar beets (2 Potatoes oats sugar beets ______bull__ 30 251iyears) ____________________________ 45 2426 Oate (rye plowed ullder) potntoes_ 27 90 Altalta (3 years) potatoes sugar 20 65Sugar beets potatoes ______bull________

Oats sugar beets _________________ _beet~ (manure) sugar beets oats_ il 2145 22 13Oats (manure) sugar beets _____ ___ 23 2132 Spring wheat su~ar beets ____ bull____ _ 18 -30 Altalta (2 years) potatoes sugllr Corn onts sugar beets _____ __ bullbull a2 -1 26beets bullbull ____________ bull____ bullbull__ bull___ _ 40 2105 Allalfa (2 YCllrs) spring wheat Ollts_ 48 -310 Potatoes oats (manure) sugar Sugar beets contlnuously ___ 2 -471beels____bull _________bull______________ Onts potatoes ___bull_________bullbull_bull___ bullll 2086 2middot1 -500Corn Olts_____________bull_________ _Allnlla (3 YCllrs) potatoes Ollts 16 -6 rgt3(manure) sugar beets ____________ Potatoes corn _____________________ 61 ~H 26 -7fin Allnlla (3 years) potatoes sugllr 6 -80Corn LOntinuously_____________ bull__ bull

beetsonts__________________bull____ 64 l15 Oats continuously _____ bull____ bullbullbull _bullbull I -1001 Allnlla (3 years) potatoes on ts Spring wheat oats ____ 28 -118sugar beets _____bull_____ bull__ __bullbull _ no la II Winter wheat continuously ___ bull 5 -1203 Oats (manure) potetoes ____ 25 891 Spring wheat contlnuously_ _ a -1301iAllnlln contlnuously __________ 8 i fiO Spring wheat strnw returned __ bullbull 7 -13 J Alfalfa (3 yellrs) corn onts sugar Potatoes continuously _ __ __ 4 -28(8

beets_ __ bullbullbullbull 02 005

I The minus sign (-) indiCtltes loss

The rotation indicating the highest net return is no 21 devoted to potatoes and sugar beets the chief cash crops of the area While this rotation was the highest in respect to net returns there were ei~ht rotations returning higher yields of potatoes and five from whICh lar~er yields of sugar beets were harvested The cropping program which has proved to be the second most profitable is no 45 which has 2 years of sugar beets and includes sweetclover pastured Of the eight rotations indicnting a satisfactory net return of $19 or more per acre five of them have reccived applications of farm manure one has pasturing and the other two include alfalft There are five pairs of comparuble rotations the only difference being thnt one in each inshystance has an application ofilrm manure during its cycle whercas the other does not have this trcntment The difrerence in the net returns provide nn opportunity of nscertaining the value of the manurial trcnment This treatment hns incrcnscd the differences between rotations nos 20 and 21 $2758 nos 22 and 23 $2119 nos 24 and 25 $14 nOs 30 and 31 $1831 and nos 60 and 61 $733 per acre It is evident that applications of stable manure have increased subshystantially the per acre net returns for exclusive alfalfa rotations nos 60 and 61 there is a mean pCI acre value increase for the remainshying four pairs of $2027 per acre which may be attributed to this soil amendment Similar comparisons may be made with three pairs of rotations one of which in each instance includes alfalfa and the other does not include this crop These three pairs are nos 20-40 22-42 and 24-44 The mean value increase which may be credited to alfalfn is $1220 per acre Similar comparisons may be made with the two 6-year rotatIOns which have 3 years of alfulfa and indicate a pel ucre value increase of $1877 With the exception of alfulfa all crops grown continuously on the same land year after yenr indicate losses the maximum of $2808 having occurred with potatoes Furthermore aU simple 2- and 3-year rotations either show a loss or a very slight profit

SUMMARY

This bulletin records the results from a series of rotation experishyments conducted at the Scotts Bluff (Nebr) Field Station located on the North Platte reclamation project

IRRIGATED CROP ROlATlONS 35

It is not to be e-pectecl that an irrigated agriculture where staple farm crops aro produced can be successfully maintained unless the yields harvested are relntiveiy high Itis well recognized that the adoption of a proper crop rotation or trentmcnt of the soil is one of tho more important prerequisites to obtaining OlOp yields of a rugll order

The Scotts Bluff area has an elevation of about 4000 feet above sea level The climate is semiarid with a menn anmmlmillfall of slightly more than 14 imhes and a mean frost-free period of 133 days

The chief crops grown in the area are sugar beets ])otatoes alfalfa corn and smltll grains Dairying is atl important farm enterprise tlnd winter feeding of runge stock is somcwlmt generally prncticed

The soils in the Seotts Bluff arCI1 lnrgely range from a sandy loam to n loamy very finc suud with the )fitchel1 11 YNY fine sandy loum predominating

There are 34 dilferent (topping systems inCluded in the series herein dIscussed

rhe cuitUJnl methods followed wltieh Me hriefly disctlss(d have been the sflme 101 all rotl1tions eadt venl in order to i1oid insofar us possible diflerltnces in yield due to flldors other than the treatment to which the crops ho-e been subjected

The chief purpose of these Totntions was to obtnin information that would be useful to persons engaged in crop production on the plOject and also to those engaged in similar agrkultulnl enterprises on adjoinshying irligutedareushayiug (middotompnrablesoil anddimatic cOlldi tions This inrormatiOl~ wus sought by compnring the yields from certain crovs grown contmuousJy on the Sflme Jnnd with lHlmelOUs crop sequences III which the rott~tious were otllfn-ise untI(jt(d aseeltninillg the cffe(middott of fipp1i(ntions of stn ble manure in 2- and 3-vCfl[ rotntions and detershymining the yalue of n1fulflt when included in certain cropping systems Tho cfYCct on CIOp yields of hnrYCsting ((lltllin crops with livcstoek instead of ln the (ustomnIV nmnnrl mny be observed in CCItuin rotashyfions the ynJue of rye ns -n ~Ieen~mnlJllle (IOP 31111 he observed ill one rotntion the dre(t of an nppli(f tion of mHl1mO in n cropping sysshytem induding nJralr[~ may bo COIllIHlIpd with ollJCls 110t so treated

The nJPilJl anIllwi yiClds of on ts sugar lwris potutoes corn whcnt and alfnlfn nre giycn for the VPillS 11112-25 followcd by the annunl yields of tiCRC IOPS from 1()26 to 1934 tOgttlWl with the mean for this 9-yent ptllod

To afrOId nn oPPOILunity of obs(jing thC nnnunl fluctuntions of the menn yields Jor the six crops n tnblo is presented cPlcssing the yield fluetulltionsiri pel(cntnges The lowcst nwnn l(I(oidcd from 1926 to HIH O((UlTCd in 1934 and the high(st perltentnge in 1928 Vhcgtn computed on the busis of periods the highest percentage 122 WfiS for Hie first 6-yeHl prJiod 10]2-17 and the low(st 77 percCnt oCltlIlTcd in tho Jnst 5~yenq)(liod lHW-34

rhe yields from the diller(nt crops nrc slIllIrIluriz(li and (ompnlcd for the purpose 01 (ktCJmining yi(ld trends llnd to whaL cxt(nt plo~ duction hftS b((lIl iuHu(ucCd by the diLfClent (ropping systems throughshyout tbe 23 years

The Jowcstmlltn ~TieJds or on lIne born flom th( plot(on tin llOllSly in oats Illld flom the 2ycnl untrented JOtutions while til highest menn yields hnxe becn lwlv(st(d ftom mnn ulCd alfalfa rotations 01 und 71

Sugttr-bcrti yields luwe been the most flwolnbly jnfluellc(ld by applishycntions of farm mfLllure nnd by hUlYesting one or more rops in the

36 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 512 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTUID bull

rotation by livestock While alfalfa has definitely increased beet yields the illcreases have not been so great as has resulted from the manurial treatment or when pasturing has been practiced

Contrary to the results obtained with sugar beets alfalfa has exerted a more favorable illfiuence on the yields of potatoes than have applications of farm lllnnure The highest mean yieJds of potatoes have been lmrvestecl from the two 6-year alfalfa rotations secondly from the two alfalf1 rotations to which manure WIlS applied and thirdly from the two 4-yenr alfalfa rotations

The effect of the different rotational treatments on the quality of potatoes is discussed A table is included giving the mean percentage of cull potatocs for the period 1924-33 The highest percentage of culls has come from the c~mtinuously cropped plot In every instance the lowest percentages of cull potatoes have been harvested from the rotations including alfalfa

Due to the types of rotations the yields of wheat have been quite low The highest mean yield 247 bushels per acre for the 23 years was harvested from 4-yeal alfalfa rotation no 48

Yields of corn have heen distinctly higher than wheat The hi~hest mean yield of cOrn 557 bushels per acre caQ1e from 6-year alfalfa rotatioI~ no 62

The compamtive value of the different rotations has been detershymined This affords an opportunity of determining the merits of the different cropping systems as a complete unit The highest net (

return is from manured rotation no 21 devoted to sugar beets and potatoes the chief cash crops of the area The next highest return is from pastured rotation no 45 Of the 8 rotations indicating a net return of $19 or m01e per aere 5 of them receive applications of farm manure 1 includes pasturing find the othet 2 are alfalfa rotations

LITERATURE CITED(1) HSIINGS S H

1935 EFFECI OF AIFALFA AND FARM MANURE ON YIELDS OF JRRIGATED CROPS IN TilE GREAT )[AINS r S Dept Agr Tech Bull 483 40 pp

(2) --- and AUN B 1932 IHUIOATED CROI ROTATIONS LV WESTERN SOUTH DAKOTA U S

Dept Agr Cire ]88 47 pp illus (3) ~ and HANSEN D

1929IRHlGATED CROP ROTATIONS IN SOUTHERN MONTANA U S Dupt Agr Tech BUll 144 32 pp iJlus

(4) HOIVEN T A 1923 CROI ROTATION UNDER IRRIGATION Nebr Agr Expt Sta Bull

190 11 pp illus (Rev 1929) (5) SAVAGE D A

1932 lOTATOES IN IRRIGATED ROTATIONS Mont Agr Expt Sta Bull 263 36 Pl Ilus

(6) SCOFIELD C S 1918 EFFECT OF FARM MANURE IN STIMULATING THE YIELDS M IRRIGATED

FIELD CROPS Jour Agr Research 15 493-503 (7)

1920 EFFECT OF ALFAIFA ON THE SUlISEQUENT YIELDS M JRRIGATED FIELD CROPS U~ S Dept Agr Bull 881 13 pp

(8) --- and HOLDEN J A 1927 IRRIOATED CROP ROTATIONS IN WESTERN NEBRASKA U S Dept

Agr Tech Bull 2 26 pp illus (9) SKINNER L T and BECK M W

1915 SOIL SUnVEY O~ SCOTTS BLUFF COUNTY NEBRASKA U S Dept Agr Bur Soils Ficld Oper 1913 Rept 15 2059-2097 ilIus

U s GOVtflHMCHT PRINTUfG OFflctf 1936

Fotmiddot sale by the Superlntendellt of DoclIments Washlllgton D C bullbullbullbullbull PrIce r cellts

(

Technical Bulletin No 512 May 1936

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

WASHINGTON D C

IRRIGATED CROP ROTATIONS IN WESTERN NEBRASKA 1912-34

By STEPHEN H HASTINGS principal agronomist Division of lVestern Irrigation Agriculture Bureau of Plant Industry

CONTENTS

Page PageIntroduction_ __ ______ _______________________ 1 Annual fluctuations in yields________________ 16 Location and soil conditlons_________________ 2 Yields frolll tho various crops in the dilIerentrotations snmmarized_ ___ ______ ____ _______ 17Plan oC the rotations_________________________ 4 Onts______________ _____________ ___ _______ 19List of the rotatlons_________________________ 5 Sugar beets _______________bull _______ ______ 22Cultural practices__________________________ 6 Crop yields in detaiL_______________________ 8 Potatoes_____bull___ bull____bull ____ _ _______ 23Oats______________________________ ______ 9 Wheat __ bull______________ _______ ________ 29

Corn_ ____________________________ ______ 31Sugar beets______________________________ 10Potatoes_____________________ _________ ___ 12 Comparatio aluo oCthe dilIerentrotatlons__ 31 Corn _______________________________ ____ 14 Literature cited _________________________ 36 Vheat_ _ _ _______________________________ 13 Summary_____ ________ ________ ________ ______ 34

Flax_________________________ -____ ___ 14 Alfalfa________________________ ___ __ ______ 15

(0 CI) (t) -

INTRODUCTION ~

Cl Crop production undel irri~ation is not subjected~ to the losses 4ricurred as a result of periodICul droughts often encountered even = the eastern United States However in eliminating this hazard b) developing an assured water supply the irrigation farmer assumes increased responsibilities Not only are costly structures required for impounding water or approximately equivalent investments necessary for otherwise developing~ water supply but other expenses are involved including the operation and maintenance of the system as well as preparation of the land and application of the water-all of which are substantial items in the cost of crop production Hence it is evident that while the possibilities of insuring returns are greater where the hazards of drought are eliminated the financial risks are somewhat increased Furthermore it must be lecognized that in a large measure the crops produced under irrigation come into direct competition with those generally grown throughout the country It is evident then that if a successful irrigated agriculture is to conshytinue the yields harvested from these lands must be larger than those of ordinary farming in order to absorb these increased fixed costs of irrigation

44747deg-36----1 1









bullbull





bull























2-year lOtations


bull


3-year rotations


beets

4-year rotations



6-year rotations





CULTURAL PRACTICES





bull

-----

---- ---- ---- ---- ----

- --- ---- ---- ----

-- -- ---- ---- ----

---- ---- ---- ----

----



1--26-- --18-- 1--16-shy

9

2

I 3

r---- ----- 1--45-shy

31 30 32 4

--27-- ---- ---- ---- ---shy5

6

7

8 --65-- --61-- --60-- 1--62-- 1--64-shy

9

10

I

12 ---- --23-- ---- ---- ---- ---shy

13 ---- --40-- --42-- --44-- r-48-shy

14 1---- -25-- 1----- ~--- ---- ---shy

71 IS

16 ---- --21-- --20-- 1--22-- ~-24-- --28-shy

17 f---shy

6 2 5 7 3 18











1

--------------------

---------------------------------------------



OATS











~--- ~- --I Mean lfi211-2li


44747deg-36--2

----

-----




SUGAIt DEETS


Field St(Uon1012-S

Acro yields (tons)


1D26-34 ---------------__shy2 ____ 0- 03 114 li1) 88 07 Ii 8 45 04 4 I 27

N _ ~ _

18 11 ( 78 80 110 I 3 02 58


~ ~~ ~ 12bull ~ ~ lJI 102 84 102 111






I Mean I02(-25






POTATOES




--------------------

-- -------------------



Station 1912-34









Annual me~n_____ 2223 27 ) 2400 3192 262 5 2212 2040 2017 307 II 927 2304 ===========





StatiorL 1912-84



25 34





CORN







320 middotlllO

257 171

]03 106

140 181

JO 4 283

224 28 n

143 194

21 7 145

155 143

223 194

IS5 IS9


AUllUlllmelln 422 240 207 207 298 366 264 244 275 250 278



62

J6

02 62 62 62 62

6

62

101 62

16

62

26

62

6

ILAX


--------------------

----------------------





Acre elds (tons)





bullbull








1 - gt i Ii t Zl 29 31




~ ~

shy

77

r






447J7deg-nU-3





~

19

~

~





OATS


--------------

---- ---------------

-middoti~-O-~-~ ~_





Igtturescor

I t --- tbe4





lean (50 454 121 I 22 1 -13 -142 -261 -157 -143 1Jl ====


Mean_

25__




Ii 714bull6

1620

GO Oplusmn I 85

1648

ti4 8plusmnI 37

1417

3S 9plusmn2 52

I -2

+3

6 +1 2

+43

+66

+60 - +39

+1 1

+a8

+2 1

l d




610plusmn278 1 47 9plusmn3 02 1+1041 +1461 +281 +1011 +95 o

---- ~ ~


fIe1 ~ t ~ bullW





Mean-----_----------------------t------------------------------------------- 697 672 891 537 I +341 +921 +3091 +1591 +16 2





~ C

C 0 1-3

~ 0 Z til

t-)

~




SUGAn ImETS



1

I

fJ ~ ) ~ i-J ~




(u[csCortho4

periods1024-29 193()-341912-17 I 1018-23 I I 1~11018-231~1~






lIfean - =-= ~ = = 8




Menn____ 102 176 154 142 +14 +34 +9 +18 +10====

~

-----------------------




(sturted 1920)





Ci ----------------1----------- t

1621 93 11941 64 1 16 il 40 14 011 is 162154 136155

Menn____________________________I_______________________________-------------1---------- 1 15 1 11i s 1 12

14_R 159 1130

I =58 1631 59

90 1391162 =45 17212 18

----I 6 15S

+231+1

1--------1 +121

-i +6 -6 +3

+10

+4 4 1 +43+12 +12

+2sl +2SI

+4 -5 -7 +4

+31 +19

-7 +6 +9I=I=I~I +61

~ +37 3+S

Z +23 Qt

t1

-1 -2 Ci

+20 2 tj+6 trJ ~ 0 Irj


-~t ~ l ~ ~ ~I t ~ ~

bullbull

25

-





POTATOES


--------------

--------------

1-3

1iy ~-~ ~ _c-v ~
















~

-lt A ~ o 1 ~1

~~~~~- ~lf~

-- r ~ - q~


(started 1920) _______________________________________ 2-tl91 S39 38341 768 303311583 ________ +710 +971 +912 +884





e

~ tl

g o C

~

~ ~

bl ~

~- -~






lt

-

-- --








30 15 7


WHEAT



----------

---- --------------------









1912-17 1018-23 1924-29 1930-34



254 174 1141 I 94




1912-1i I 1918-23 I 1924-29 I 1930-34

------------ ~

-16 -49 -12 +2 -9 -30 -12-31 1 -21 1 -2 9 -29 -42 ~--==-=-~ I

-30 -25 -24 -24 - - _ -

+32 +4 -S -8 -35 -12

+12 -16 -10

+59 +66 +94 +92

01 tgt)

+13 -20

~ -4 --- til

+78 t1 ~ o IJ

gt-

I ~

~ f~f J ~ ~ ~

31



CORN





ltH ~~--~~t~-~r






+88 +206 +25 6 +229 +195 IJl

lj tltI

~ o l

n cI S ~


1012-17 1U8-23 1924-29 1930-14



(or the 4 perods ~

1912-17 1918-23 1924--29 193fH14

-----1----1--------- lf






bull












SUMMARY







































(









bullbull





bull























2-year lOtations


bull


3-year rotations


beets

4-year rotations



6-year rotations





CULTURAL PRACTICES





bull

-----

---- ---- ---- ---- ----

- --- ---- ---- ----

-- -- ---- ---- ----

---- ---- ---- ----

----



1--26-- --18-- 1--16-shy

9

2

I 3

r---- ----- 1--45-shy

31 30 32 4

--27-- ---- ---- ---- ---shy5

6

7

8 --65-- --61-- --60-- 1--62-- 1--64-shy

9

10

I

12 ---- --23-- ---- ---- ---- ---shy

13 ---- --40-- --42-- --44-- r-48-shy

14 1---- -25-- 1----- ~--- ---- ---shy

71 IS

16 ---- --21-- --20-- 1--22-- ~-24-- --28-shy

17 f---shy

6 2 5 7 3 18











1

--------------------

---------------------------------------------



OATS











~--- ~- --I Mean lfi211-2li


44747deg-36--2

----

-----




SUGAIt DEETS


Field St(Uon1012-S

Acro yields (tons)


1D26-34 ---------------__shy2 ____ 0- 03 114 li1) 88 07 Ii 8 45 04 4 I 27

N _ ~ _

18 11 ( 78 80 110 I 3 02 58


~ ~~ ~ 12bull ~ ~ lJI 102 84 102 111






I Mean I02(-25






POTATOES




--------------------

-- -------------------



Station 1912-34









Annual me~n_____ 2223 27 ) 2400 3192 262 5 2212 2040 2017 307 II 927 2304 ===========





StatiorL 1912-84



25 34





CORN







320 middotlllO

257 171

]03 106

140 181

JO 4 283

224 28 n

143 194

21 7 145

155 143

223 194

IS5 IS9


AUllUlllmelln 422 240 207 207 298 366 264 244 275 250 278



62

J6

02 62 62 62 62

6

62

101 62

16

62

26

62

6

ILAX


--------------------

----------------------





Acre elds (tons)





bullbull








1 - gt i Ii t Zl 29 31




~ ~

shy

77

r






447J7deg-nU-3





~

19

~

~





OATS


--------------

---- ---------------

-middoti~-O-~-~ ~_





Igtturescor

I t --- tbe4





lean (50 454 121 I 22 1 -13 -142 -261 -157 -143 1Jl ====


Mean_

25__




Ii 714bull6

1620

GO Oplusmn I 85

1648

ti4 8plusmnI 37

1417

3S 9plusmn2 52

I -2

+3

6 +1 2

+43

+66

+60 - +39

+1 1

+a8

+2 1

l d




610plusmn278 1 47 9plusmn3 02 1+1041 +1461 +281 +1011 +95 o

---- ~ ~


fIe1 ~ t ~ bullW





Mean-----_----------------------t------------------------------------------- 697 672 891 537 I +341 +921 +3091 +1591 +16 2





~ C

C 0 1-3

~ 0 Z til

t-)

~




SUGAn ImETS



1

I

fJ ~ ) ~ i-J ~




(u[csCortho4

periods1024-29 193()-341912-17 I 1018-23 I I 1~11018-231~1~






lIfean - =-= ~ = = 8




Menn____ 102 176 154 142 +14 +34 +9 +18 +10====

~

-----------------------




(sturted 1920)





Ci ----------------1----------- t

1621 93 11941 64 1 16 il 40 14 011 is 162154 136155

Menn____________________________I_______________________________-------------1---------- 1 15 1 11i s 1 12

14_R 159 1130

I =58 1631 59

90 1391162 =45 17212 18

----I 6 15S

+231+1

1--------1 +121

-i +6 -6 +3

+10

+4 4 1 +43+12 +12

+2sl +2SI

+4 -5 -7 +4

+31 +19

-7 +6 +9I=I=I~I +61

~ +37 3+S

Z +23 Qt

t1

-1 -2 Ci

+20 2 tj+6 trJ ~ 0 Irj


-~t ~ l ~ ~ ~I t ~ ~

bullbull

25

-





POTATOES


--------------

--------------

1-3

1iy ~-~ ~ _c-v ~
















~

-lt A ~ o 1 ~1

~~~~~- ~lf~

-- r ~ - q~


(started 1920) _______________________________________ 2-tl91 S39 38341 768 303311583 ________ +710 +971 +912 +884





e

~ tl

g o C

~

~ ~

bl ~

~- -~






lt

-

-- --








30 15 7


WHEAT



----------

---- --------------------









1912-17 1018-23 1924-29 1930-34



254 174 1141 I 94




1912-1i I 1918-23 I 1924-29 I 1930-34

------------ ~

-16 -49 -12 +2 -9 -30 -12-31 1 -21 1 -2 9 -29 -42 ~--==-=-~ I

-30 -25 -24 -24 - - _ -

+32 +4 -S -8 -35 -12

+12 -16 -10

+59 +66 +94 +92

01 tgt)

+13 -20

~ -4 --- til

+78 t1 ~ o IJ

gt-

I ~

~ f~f J ~ ~ ~

31



CORN





ltH ~~--~~t~-~r






+88 +206 +25 6 +229 +195 IJl

lj tltI

~ o l

n cI S ~


1012-17 1U8-23 1924-29 1930-14



(or the 4 perods ~

1912-17 1918-23 1924--29 193fH14

-----1----1--------- lf






bull












SUMMARY







































(





















2-year lOtations


bull


3-year rotations


beets

4-year rotations



6-year rotations





CULTURAL PRACTICES





bull

-----

---- ---- ---- ---- ----

- --- ---- ---- ----

-- -- ---- ---- ----

---- ---- ---- ----

----



1--26-- --18-- 1--16-shy

9

2

I 3

r---- ----- 1--45-shy

31 30 32 4

--27-- ---- ---- ---- ---shy5

6

7

8 --65-- --61-- --60-- 1--62-- 1--64-shy

9

10

I

12 ---- --23-- ---- ---- ---- ---shy

13 ---- --40-- --42-- --44-- r-48-shy

14 1---- -25-- 1----- ~--- ---- ---shy

71 IS

16 ---- --21-- --20-- 1--22-- ~-24-- --28-shy

17 f---shy

6 2 5 7 3 18











1

--------------------

---------------------------------------------



OATS











~--- ~- --I Mean lfi211-2li


44747deg-36--2

----

-----




SUGAIt DEETS


Field St(Uon1012-S

Acro yields (tons)


1D26-34 ---------------__shy2 ____ 0- 03 114 li1) 88 07 Ii 8 45 04 4 I 27

N _ ~ _

18 11 ( 78 80 110 I 3 02 58


~ ~~ ~ 12bull ~ ~ lJI 102 84 102 111






I Mean I02(-25






POTATOES




--------------------

-- -------------------



Station 1912-34









Annual me~n_____ 2223 27 ) 2400 3192 262 5 2212 2040 2017 307 II 927 2304 ===========





StatiorL 1912-84



25 34





CORN







320 middotlllO

257 171

]03 106

140 181

JO 4 283

224 28 n

143 194

21 7 145

155 143

223 194

IS5 IS9


AUllUlllmelln 422 240 207 207 298 366 264 244 275 250 278



62

J6

02 62 62 62 62

6

62

101 62

16

62

26

62

6

ILAX


--------------------

----------------------





Acre elds (tons)





bullbull








1 - gt i Ii t Zl 29 31




~ ~

shy

77

r






447J7deg-nU-3





~

19

~

~





OATS


--------------

---- ---------------

-middoti~-O-~-~ ~_





Igtturescor

I t --- tbe4





lean (50 454 121 I 22 1 -13 -142 -261 -157 -143 1Jl ====


Mean_

25__




Ii 714bull6

1620

GO Oplusmn I 85

1648

ti4 8plusmnI 37

1417

3S 9plusmn2 52

I -2

+3

6 +1 2

+43

+66

+60 - +39

+1 1

+a8

+2 1

l d




610plusmn278 1 47 9plusmn3 02 1+1041 +1461 +281 +1011 +95 o

---- ~ ~


fIe1 ~ t ~ bullW





Mean-----_----------------------t------------------------------------------- 697 672 891 537 I +341 +921 +3091 +1591 +16 2





~ C

C 0 1-3

~ 0 Z til

t-)

~




SUGAn ImETS



1

I

fJ ~ ) ~ i-J ~




(u[csCortho4

periods1024-29 193()-341912-17 I 1018-23 I I 1~11018-231~1~






lIfean - =-= ~ = = 8




Menn____ 102 176 154 142 +14 +34 +9 +18 +10====

~

-----------------------




(sturted 1920)





Ci ----------------1----------- t

1621 93 11941 64 1 16 il 40 14 011 is 162154 136155

Menn____________________________I_______________________________-------------1---------- 1 15 1 11i s 1 12

14_R 159 1130

I =58 1631 59

90 1391162 =45 17212 18

----I 6 15S

+231+1

1--------1 +121

-i +6 -6 +3

+10

+4 4 1 +43+12 +12

+2sl +2SI

+4 -5 -7 +4

+31 +19

-7 +6 +9I=I=I~I +61

~ +37 3+S

Z +23 Qt

t1

-1 -2 Ci

+20 2 tj+6 trJ ~ 0 Irj


-~t ~ l ~ ~ ~I t ~ ~

bullbull

25

-





POTATOES


--------------

--------------

1-3

1iy ~-~ ~ _c-v ~
















~

-lt A ~ o 1 ~1

~~~~~- ~lf~

-- r ~ - q~


(started 1920) _______________________________________ 2-tl91 S39 38341 768 303311583 ________ +710 +971 +912 +884





e

~ tl

g o C

~

~ ~

bl ~

~- -~






lt

-

-- --








30 15 7


WHEAT



----------

---- --------------------









1912-17 1018-23 1924-29 1930-34



254 174 1141 I 94




1912-1i I 1918-23 I 1924-29 I 1930-34

------------ ~

-16 -49 -12 +2 -9 -30 -12-31 1 -21 1 -2 9 -29 -42 ~--==-=-~ I

-30 -25 -24 -24 - - _ -

+32 +4 -S -8 -35 -12

+12 -16 -10

+59 +66 +94 +92

01 tgt)

+13 -20

~ -4 --- til

+78 t1 ~ o IJ

gt-

I ~

~ f~f J ~ ~ ~

31



CORN





ltH ~~--~~t~-~r






+88 +206 +25 6 +229 +195 IJl

lj tltI

~ o l

n cI S ~


1012-17 1U8-23 1924-29 1930-14



(or the 4 perods ~

1912-17 1918-23 1924--29 193fH14

-----1----1--------- lf






bull












SUMMARY







































(


3-year rotations


beets

4-year rotations



6-year rotations





CULTURAL PRACTICES





bull

-----

---- ---- ---- ---- ----

- --- ---- ---- ----

-- -- ---- ---- ----

---- ---- ---- ----

----



1--26-- --18-- 1--16-shy

9

2

I 3

r---- ----- 1--45-shy

31 30 32 4

--27-- ---- ---- ---- ---shy5

6

7

8 --65-- --61-- --60-- 1--62-- 1--64-shy

9

10

I

12 ---- --23-- ---- ---- ---- ---shy

13 ---- --40-- --42-- --44-- r-48-shy

14 1---- -25-- 1----- ~--- ---- ---shy

71 IS

16 ---- --21-- --20-- 1--22-- ~-24-- --28-shy

17 f---shy

6 2 5 7 3 18











1

--------------------

---------------------------------------------



OATS











~--- ~- --I Mean lfi211-2li


44747deg-36--2

----

-----




SUGAIt DEETS


Field St(Uon1012-S

Acro yields (tons)


1D26-34 ---------------__shy2 ____ 0- 03 114 li1) 88 07 Ii 8 45 04 4 I 27

N _ ~ _

18 11 ( 78 80 110 I 3 02 58


~ ~~ ~ 12bull ~ ~ lJI 102 84 102 111






I Mean I02(-25






POTATOES




--------------------

-- -------------------



Station 1912-34









Annual me~n_____ 2223 27 ) 2400 3192 262 5 2212 2040 2017 307 II 927 2304 ===========





StatiorL 1912-84



25 34





CORN







320 middotlllO

257 171

]03 106

140 181

JO 4 283

224 28 n

143 194

21 7 145

155 143

223 194

IS5 IS9


AUllUlllmelln 422 240 207 207 298 366 264 244 275 250 278



62

J6

02 62 62 62 62

6

62

101 62

16

62

26

62

6

ILAX


--------------------

----------------------





Acre elds (tons)





bullbull








1 - gt i Ii t Zl 29 31




~ ~

shy

77

r






447J7deg-nU-3





~

19

~

~





OATS


--------------

---- ---------------

-middoti~-O-~-~ ~_





Igtturescor

I t --- tbe4





lean (50 454 121 I 22 1 -13 -142 -261 -157 -143 1Jl ====


Mean_

25__




Ii 714bull6

1620

GO Oplusmn I 85

1648

ti4 8plusmnI 37

1417

3S 9plusmn2 52

I -2

+3

6 +1 2

+43

+66

+60 - +39

+1 1

+a8

+2 1

l d




610plusmn278 1 47 9plusmn3 02 1+1041 +1461 +281 +1011 +95 o

---- ~ ~


fIe1 ~ t ~ bullW





Mean-----_----------------------t------------------------------------------- 697 672 891 537 I +341 +921 +3091 +1591 +16 2





~ C

C 0 1-3

~ 0 Z til

t-)

~




SUGAn ImETS



1

I

fJ ~ ) ~ i-J ~




(u[csCortho4

periods1024-29 193()-341912-17 I 1018-23 I I 1~11018-231~1~






lIfean - =-= ~ = = 8




Menn____ 102 176 154 142 +14 +34 +9 +18 +10====

~

-----------------------




(sturted 1920)





Ci ----------------1----------- t

1621 93 11941 64 1 16 il 40 14 011 is 162154 136155

Menn____________________________I_______________________________-------------1---------- 1 15 1 11i s 1 12

14_R 159 1130

I =58 1631 59

90 1391162 =45 17212 18

----I 6 15S

+231+1

1--------1 +121

-i +6 -6 +3

+10

+4 4 1 +43+12 +12

+2sl +2SI

+4 -5 -7 +4

+31 +19

-7 +6 +9I=I=I~I +61

~ +37 3+S

Z +23 Qt

t1

-1 -2 Ci

+20 2 tj+6 trJ ~ 0 Irj


-~t ~ l ~ ~ ~I t ~ ~

bullbull

25

-





POTATOES


--------------

--------------

1-3

1iy ~-~ ~ _c-v ~
















~

-lt A ~ o 1 ~1

~~~~~- ~lf~

-- r ~ - q~


(started 1920) _______________________________________ 2-tl91 S39 38341 768 303311583 ________ +710 +971 +912 +884





e

~ tl

g o C

~

~ ~

bl ~

~- -~






lt

-

-- --








30 15 7


WHEAT



----------

---- --------------------









1912-17 1018-23 1924-29 1930-34



254 174 1141 I 94




1912-1i I 1918-23 I 1924-29 I 1930-34

------------ ~

-16 -49 -12 +2 -9 -30 -12-31 1 -21 1 -2 9 -29 -42 ~--==-=-~ I

-30 -25 -24 -24 - - _ -

+32 +4 -S -8 -35 -12

+12 -16 -10

+59 +66 +94 +92

01 tgt)

+13 -20

~ -4 --- til

+78 t1 ~ o IJ

gt-

I ~

~ f~f J ~ ~ ~

31



CORN





ltH ~~--~~t~-~r






+88 +206 +25 6 +229 +195 IJl

lj tltI

~ o l

n cI S ~


1012-17 1U8-23 1924-29 1930-14



(or the 4 perods ~

1912-17 1918-23 1924--29 193fH14

-----1----1--------- lf






bull












SUMMARY







































(

-----

---- ---- ---- ---- ----

- --- ---- ---- ----

-- -- ---- ---- ----

---- ---- ---- ----

----



1--26-- --18-- 1--16-shy

9

2

I 3

r---- ----- 1--45-shy

31 30 32 4

--27-- ---- ---- ---- ---shy5

6

7

8 --65-- --61-- --60-- 1--62-- 1--64-shy

9

10

I

12 ---- --23-- ---- ---- ---- ---shy

13 ---- --40-- --42-- --44-- r-48-shy

14 1---- -25-- 1----- ~--- ---- ---shy

71 IS

16 ---- --21-- --20-- 1--22-- ~-24-- --28-shy

17 f---shy

6 2 5 7 3 18











1

--------------------

---------------------------------------------



OATS











~--- ~- --I Mean lfi211-2li


44747deg-36--2

----

-----




SUGAIt DEETS


Field St(Uon1012-S

Acro yields (tons)


1D26-34 ---------------__shy2 ____ 0- 03 114 li1) 88 07 Ii 8 45 04 4 I 27

N _ ~ _

18 11 ( 78 80 110 I 3 02 58


~ ~~ ~ 12bull ~ ~ lJI 102 84 102 111






I Mean I02(-25






POTATOES




--------------------

-- -------------------



Station 1912-34









Annual me~n_____ 2223 27 ) 2400 3192 262 5 2212 2040 2017 307 II 927 2304 ===========





StatiorL 1912-84



25 34





CORN







320 middotlllO

257 171

]03 106

140 181

JO 4 283

224 28 n

143 194

21 7 145

155 143

223 194

IS5 IS9


AUllUlllmelln 422 240 207 207 298 366 264 244 275 250 278



62

J6

02 62 62 62 62

6

62

101 62

16

62

26

62

6

ILAX


--------------------

----------------------





Acre elds (tons)





bullbull








1 - gt i Ii t Zl 29 31




~ ~

shy

77

r






447J7deg-nU-3





~

19

~

~





OATS


--------------

---- ---------------

-middoti~-O-~-~ ~_





Igtturescor

I t --- tbe4





lean (50 454 121 I 22 1 -13 -142 -261 -157 -143 1Jl ====


Mean_

25__




Ii 714bull6

1620

GO Oplusmn I 85

1648

ti4 8plusmnI 37

1417

3S 9plusmn2 52

I -2

+3

6 +1 2

+43

+66

+60 - +39

+1 1

+a8

+2 1

l d




610plusmn278 1 47 9plusmn3 02 1+1041 +1461 +281 +1011 +95 o

---- ~ ~


fIe1 ~ t ~ bullW





Mean-----_----------------------t------------------------------------------- 697 672 891 537 I +341 +921 +3091 +1591 +16 2





~ C

C 0 1-3

~ 0 Z til

t-)

~




SUGAn ImETS



1

I

fJ ~ ) ~ i-J ~




(u[csCortho4

periods1024-29 193()-341912-17 I 1018-23 I I 1~11018-231~1~






lIfean - =-= ~ = = 8




Menn____ 102 176 154 142 +14 +34 +9 +18 +10====

~

-----------------------




(sturted 1920)





Ci ----------------1----------- t

1621 93 11941 64 1 16 il 40 14 011 is 162154 136155

Menn____________________________I_______________________________-------------1---------- 1 15 1 11i s 1 12

14_R 159 1130

I =58 1631 59

90 1391162 =45 17212 18

----I 6 15S

+231+1

1--------1 +121

-i +6 -6 +3

+10

+4 4 1 +43+12 +12

+2sl +2SI

+4 -5 -7 +4

+31 +19

-7 +6 +9I=I=I~I +61

~ +37 3+S

Z +23 Qt

t1

-1 -2 Ci

+20 2 tj+6 trJ ~ 0 Irj


-~t ~ l ~ ~ ~I t ~ ~

bullbull

25

-





POTATOES


--------------

--------------

1-3

1iy ~-~ ~ _c-v ~
















~

-lt A ~ o 1 ~1

~~~~~- ~lf~

-- r ~ - q~


(started 1920) _______________________________________ 2-tl91 S39 38341 768 303311583 ________ +710 +971 +912 +884





e

~ tl

g o C

~

~ ~

bl ~

~- -~






lt

-

-- --








30 15 7


WHEAT



----------

---- --------------------









1912-17 1018-23 1924-29 1930-34



254 174 1141 I 94




1912-1i I 1918-23 I 1924-29 I 1930-34

------------ ~

-16 -49 -12 +2 -9 -30 -12-31 1 -21 1 -2 9 -29 -42 ~--==-=-~ I

-30 -25 -24 -24 - - _ -

+32 +4 -S -8 -35 -12

+12 -16 -10

+59 +66 +94 +92

01 tgt)

+13 -20

~ -4 --- til

+78 t1 ~ o IJ

gt-

I ~

~ f~f J ~ ~ ~

31



CORN





ltH ~~--~~t~-~r






+88 +206 +25 6 +229 +195 IJl

lj tltI

~ o l

n cI S ~


1012-17 1U8-23 1924-29 1930-14



(or the 4 perods ~

1912-17 1918-23 1924--29 193fH14

-----1----1--------- lf






bull












SUMMARY







































(










1

--------------------

---------------------------------------------



OATS











~--- ~- --I Mean lfi211-2li


44747deg-36--2

----

-----




SUGAIt DEETS


Field St(Uon1012-S

Acro yields (tons)


1D26-34 ---------------__shy2 ____ 0- 03 114 li1) 88 07 Ii 8 45 04 4 I 27

N _ ~ _

18 11 ( 78 80 110 I 3 02 58


~ ~~ ~ 12bull ~ ~ lJI 102 84 102 111






I Mean I02(-25






POTATOES




--------------------

-- -------------------



Station 1912-34









Annual me~n_____ 2223 27 ) 2400 3192 262 5 2212 2040 2017 307 II 927 2304 ===========





StatiorL 1912-84



25 34





CORN







320 middotlllO

257 171

]03 106

140 181

JO 4 283

224 28 n

143 194

21 7 145

155 143

223 194

IS5 IS9


AUllUlllmelln 422 240 207 207 298 366 264 244 275 250 278



62

J6

02 62 62 62 62

6

62

101 62

16

62

26

62

6

ILAX


--------------------

----------------------





Acre elds (tons)





bullbull








1 - gt i Ii t Zl 29 31




~ ~

shy

77

r






447J7deg-nU-3





~

19

~

~





OATS


--------------

---- ---------------

-middoti~-O-~-~ ~_





Igtturescor

I t --- tbe4





lean (50 454 121 I 22 1 -13 -142 -261 -157 -143 1Jl ====


Mean_

25__




Ii 714bull6

1620

GO Oplusmn I 85

1648

ti4 8plusmnI 37

1417

3S 9plusmn2 52

I -2

+3

6 +1 2

+43

+66

+60 - +39

+1 1

+a8

+2 1

l d




610plusmn278 1 47 9plusmn3 02 1+1041 +1461 +281 +1011 +95 o

---- ~ ~


fIe1 ~ t ~ bullW





Mean-----_----------------------t------------------------------------------- 697 672 891 537 I +341 +921 +3091 +1591 +16 2





~ C

C 0 1-3

~ 0 Z til

t-)

~




SUGAn ImETS



1

I

fJ ~ ) ~ i-J ~




(u[csCortho4

periods1024-29 193()-341912-17 I 1018-23 I I 1~11018-231~1~






lIfean - =-= ~ = = 8




Menn____ 102 176 154 142 +14 +34 +9 +18 +10====

~

-----------------------




(sturted 1920)





Ci ----------------1----------- t

1621 93 11941 64 1 16 il 40 14 011 is 162154 136155

Menn____________________________I_______________________________-------------1---------- 1 15 1 11i s 1 12

14_R 159 1130

I =58 1631 59

90 1391162 =45 17212 18

----I 6 15S

+231+1

1--------1 +121

-i +6 -6 +3

+10

+4 4 1 +43+12 +12

+2sl +2SI

+4 -5 -7 +4

+31 +19

-7 +6 +9I=I=I~I +61

~ +37 3+S

Z +23 Qt

t1

-1 -2 Ci

+20 2 tj+6 trJ ~ 0 Irj


-~t ~ l ~ ~ ~I t ~ ~

bullbull

25

-





POTATOES


--------------

--------------

1-3

1iy ~-~ ~ _c-v ~
















~

-lt A ~ o 1 ~1

~~~~~- ~lf~

-- r ~ - q~


(started 1920) _______________________________________ 2-tl91 S39 38341 768 303311583 ________ +710 +971 +912 +884





e

~ tl

g o C

~

~ ~

bl ~

~- -~






lt

-

-- --








30 15 7


WHEAT



----------

---- --------------------









1912-17 1018-23 1924-29 1930-34



254 174 1141 I 94




1912-1i I 1918-23 I 1924-29 I 1930-34

------------ ~

-16 -49 -12 +2 -9 -30 -12-31 1 -21 1 -2 9 -29 -42 ~--==-=-~ I

-30 -25 -24 -24 - - _ -

+32 +4 -S -8 -35 -12

+12 -16 -10

+59 +66 +94 +92

01 tgt)

+13 -20

~ -4 --- til

+78 t1 ~ o IJ

gt-

I ~

~ f~f J ~ ~ ~

31



CORN





ltH ~~--~~t~-~r






+88 +206 +25 6 +229 +195 IJl

lj tltI

~ o l

n cI S ~


1012-17 1U8-23 1924-29 1930-14



(or the 4 perods ~

1912-17 1918-23 1924--29 193fH14

-----1----1--------- lf






bull












SUMMARY







































(

--------------------

---------------------------------------------



OATS











~--- ~- --I Mean lfi211-2li


44747deg-36--2

----

-----




SUGAIt DEETS


Field St(Uon1012-S

Acro yields (tons)


1D26-34 ---------------__shy2 ____ 0- 03 114 li1) 88 07 Ii 8 45 04 4 I 27

N _ ~ _

18 11 ( 78 80 110 I 3 02 58


~ ~~ ~ 12bull ~ ~ lJI 102 84 102 111






I Mean I02(-25






POTATOES




--------------------

-- -------------------



Station 1912-34









Annual me~n_____ 2223 27 ) 2400 3192 262 5 2212 2040 2017 307 II 927 2304 ===========





StatiorL 1912-84



25 34





CORN







320 middotlllO

257 171

]03 106

140 181

JO 4 283

224 28 n

143 194

21 7 145

155 143

223 194

IS5 IS9


AUllUlllmelln 422 240 207 207 298 366 264 244 275 250 278



62

J6

02 62 62 62 62

6

62

101 62

16

62

26

62

6

ILAX


--------------------

----------------------





Acre elds (tons)





bullbull








1 - gt i Ii t Zl 29 31




~ ~

shy

77

r






447J7deg-nU-3





~

19

~

~





OATS


--------------

---- ---------------

-middoti~-O-~-~ ~_





Igtturescor

I t --- tbe4





lean (50 454 121 I 22 1 -13 -142 -261 -157 -143 1Jl ====


Mean_

25__




Ii 714bull6

1620

GO Oplusmn I 85

1648

ti4 8plusmnI 37

1417

3S 9plusmn2 52

I -2

+3

6 +1 2

+43

+66

+60 - +39

+1 1

+a8

+2 1

l d




610plusmn278 1 47 9plusmn3 02 1+1041 +1461 +281 +1011 +95 o

---- ~ ~


fIe1 ~ t ~ bullW





Mean-----_----------------------t------------------------------------------- 697 672 891 537 I +341 +921 +3091 +1591 +16 2





~ C

C 0 1-3

~ 0 Z til

t-)

~




SUGAn ImETS



1

I

fJ ~ ) ~ i-J ~




(u[csCortho4

periods1024-29 193()-341912-17 I 1018-23 I I 1~11018-231~1~






lIfean - =-= ~ = = 8




Menn____ 102 176 154 142 +14 +34 +9 +18 +10====

~

-----------------------




(sturted 1920)





Ci ----------------1----------- t

1621 93 11941 64 1 16 il 40 14 011 is 162154 136155

Menn____________________________I_______________________________-------------1---------- 1 15 1 11i s 1 12

14_R 159 1130

I =58 1631 59

90 1391162 =45 17212 18

----I 6 15S

+231+1

1--------1 +121

-i +6 -6 +3

+10

+4 4 1 +43+12 +12

+2sl +2SI

+4 -5 -7 +4

+31 +19

-7 +6 +9I=I=I~I +61

~ +37 3+S

Z +23 Qt

t1

-1 -2 Ci

+20 2 tj+6 trJ ~ 0 Irj


-~t ~ l ~ ~ ~I t ~ ~

bullbull

25

-





POTATOES


--------------

--------------

1-3

1iy ~-~ ~ _c-v ~
















~

-lt A ~ o 1 ~1

~~~~~- ~lf~

-- r ~ - q~


(started 1920) _______________________________________ 2-tl91 S39 38341 768 303311583 ________ +710 +971 +912 +884





e

~ tl

g o C

~

~ ~

bl ~

~- -~






lt

-

-- --








30 15 7


WHEAT



----------

---- --------------------









1912-17 1018-23 1924-29 1930-34



254 174 1141 I 94




1912-1i I 1918-23 I 1924-29 I 1930-34

------------ ~

-16 -49 -12 +2 -9 -30 -12-31 1 -21 1 -2 9 -29 -42 ~--==-=-~ I

-30 -25 -24 -24 - - _ -

+32 +4 -S -8 -35 -12

+12 -16 -10

+59 +66 +94 +92

01 tgt)

+13 -20

~ -4 --- til

+78 t1 ~ o IJ

gt-

I ~

~ f~f J ~ ~ ~

31



CORN





ltH ~~--~~t~-~r






+88 +206 +25 6 +229 +195 IJl

lj tltI

~ o l

n cI S ~


1012-17 1U8-23 1924-29 1930-14



(or the 4 perods ~

1912-17 1918-23 1924--29 193fH14

-----1----1--------- lf






bull












SUMMARY







































(

----

-----




SUGAIt DEETS


Field St(Uon1012-S

Acro yields (tons)


1D26-34 ---------------__shy2 ____ 0- 03 114 li1) 88 07 Ii 8 45 04 4 I 27

N _ ~ _

18 11 ( 78 80 110 I 3 02 58


~ ~~ ~ 12bull ~ ~ lJI 102 84 102 111






I Mean I02(-25






POTATOES




--------------------

-- -------------------



Station 1912-34









Annual me~n_____ 2223 27 ) 2400 3192 262 5 2212 2040 2017 307 II 927 2304 ===========





StatiorL 1912-84



25 34





CORN







320 middotlllO

257 171

]03 106

140 181

JO 4 283

224 28 n

143 194

21 7 145

155 143

223 194

IS5 IS9


AUllUlllmelln 422 240 207 207 298 366 264 244 275 250 278



62

J6

02 62 62 62 62

6

62

101 62

16

62

26

62

6

ILAX


--------------------

----------------------





Acre elds (tons)





bullbull








1 - gt i Ii t Zl 29 31




~ ~

shy

77

r






447J7deg-nU-3





~

19

~

~





OATS


--------------

---- ---------------

-middoti~-O-~-~ ~_





Igtturescor

I t --- tbe4





lean (50 454 121 I 22 1 -13 -142 -261 -157 -143 1Jl ====


Mean_

25__




Ii 714bull6

1620

GO Oplusmn I 85

1648

ti4 8plusmnI 37

1417

3S 9plusmn2 52

I -2

+3

6 +1 2

+43

+66

+60 - +39

+1 1

+a8

+2 1

l d




610plusmn278 1 47 9plusmn3 02 1+1041 +1461 +281 +1011 +95 o

---- ~ ~


fIe1 ~ t ~ bullW





Mean-----_----------------------t------------------------------------------- 697 672 891 537 I +341 +921 +3091 +1591 +16 2





~ C

C 0 1-3

~ 0 Z til

t-)

~




SUGAn ImETS



1

I

fJ ~ ) ~ i-J ~




(u[csCortho4

periods1024-29 193()-341912-17 I 1018-23 I I 1~11018-231~1~






lIfean - =-= ~ = = 8




Menn____ 102 176 154 142 +14 +34 +9 +18 +10====

~

-----------------------




(sturted 1920)





Ci ----------------1----------- t

1621 93 11941 64 1 16 il 40 14 011 is 162154 136155

Menn____________________________I_______________________________-------------1---------- 1 15 1 11i s 1 12

14_R 159 1130

I =58 1631 59

90 1391162 =45 17212 18

----I 6 15S

+231+1

1--------1 +121

-i +6 -6 +3

+10

+4 4 1 +43+12 +12

+2sl +2SI

+4 -5 -7 +4

+31 +19

-7 +6 +9I=I=I~I +61

~ +37 3+S

Z +23 Qt

t1

-1 -2 Ci

+20 2 tj+6 trJ ~ 0 Irj


-~t ~ l ~ ~ ~I t ~ ~

bullbull

25

-





POTATOES


--------------

--------------

1-3

1iy ~-~ ~ _c-v ~
















~

-lt A ~ o 1 ~1

~~~~~- ~lf~

-- r ~ - q~


(started 1920) _______________________________________ 2-tl91 S39 38341 768 303311583 ________ +710 +971 +912 +884





e

~ tl

g o C

~

~ ~

bl ~

~- -~






lt

-

-- --








30 15 7


WHEAT



----------

---- --------------------









1912-17 1018-23 1924-29 1930-34



254 174 1141 I 94




1912-1i I 1918-23 I 1924-29 I 1930-34

------------ ~

-16 -49 -12 +2 -9 -30 -12-31 1 -21 1 -2 9 -29 -42 ~--==-=-~ I

-30 -25 -24 -24 - - _ -

+32 +4 -S -8 -35 -12

+12 -16 -10

+59 +66 +94 +92

01 tgt)

+13 -20

~ -4 --- til

+78 t1 ~ o IJ

gt-

I ~

~ f~f J ~ ~ ~

31



CORN





ltH ~~--~~t~-~r






+88 +206 +25 6 +229 +195 IJl

lj tltI

~ o l

n cI S ~


1012-17 1U8-23 1924-29 1930-14



(or the 4 perods ~

1912-17 1918-23 1924--29 193fH14

-----1----1--------- lf






bull












SUMMARY







































(






POTATOES




--------------------

-- -------------------



Station 1912-34









Annual me~n_____ 2223 27 ) 2400 3192 262 5 2212 2040 2017 307 II 927 2304 ===========





StatiorL 1912-84



25 34





CORN







320 middotlllO

257 171

]03 106

140 181

JO 4 283

224 28 n

143 194

21 7 145

155 143

223 194

IS5 IS9


AUllUlllmelln 422 240 207 207 298 366 264 244 275 250 278



62

J6

02 62 62 62 62

6

62

101 62

16

62

26

62

6

ILAX


--------------------

----------------------





Acre elds (tons)





bullbull








1 - gt i Ii t Zl 29 31




~ ~

shy

77

r






447J7deg-nU-3





~

19

~

~





OATS


--------------

---- ---------------

-middoti~-O-~-~ ~_





Igtturescor

I t --- tbe4





lean (50 454 121 I 22 1 -13 -142 -261 -157 -143 1Jl ====


Mean_

25__




Ii 714bull6

1620

GO Oplusmn I 85

1648

ti4 8plusmnI 37

1417

3S 9plusmn2 52

I -2

+3

6 +1 2

+43

+66

+60 - +39

+1 1

+a8

+2 1

l d




610plusmn278 1 47 9plusmn3 02 1+1041 +1461 +281 +1011 +95 o

---- ~ ~


fIe1 ~ t ~ bullW





Mean-----_----------------------t------------------------------------------- 697 672 891 537 I +341 +921 +3091 +1591 +16 2





~ C

C 0 1-3

~ 0 Z til

t-)

~




SUGAn ImETS



1

I

fJ ~ ) ~ i-J ~




(u[csCortho4

periods1024-29 193()-341912-17 I 1018-23 I I 1~11018-231~1~






lIfean - =-= ~ = = 8




Menn____ 102 176 154 142 +14 +34 +9 +18 +10====

~

-----------------------




(sturted 1920)





Ci ----------------1----------- t

1621 93 11941 64 1 16 il 40 14 011 is 162154 136155

Menn____________________________I_______________________________-------------1---------- 1 15 1 11i s 1 12

14_R 159 1130

I =58 1631 59

90 1391162 =45 17212 18

----I 6 15S

+231+1

1--------1 +121

-i +6 -6 +3

+10

+4 4 1 +43+12 +12

+2sl +2SI

+4 -5 -7 +4

+31 +19

-7 +6 +9I=I=I~I +61

~ +37 3+S

Z +23 Qt

t1

-1 -2 Ci

+20 2 tj+6 trJ ~ 0 Irj


-~t ~ l ~ ~ ~I t ~ ~

bullbull

25

-





POTATOES


--------------

--------------

1-3

1iy ~-~ ~ _c-v ~
















~

-lt A ~ o 1 ~1

~~~~~- ~lf~

-- r ~ - q~


(started 1920) _______________________________________ 2-tl91 S39 38341 768 303311583 ________ +710 +971 +912 +884





e

~ tl

g o C

~

~ ~

bl ~

~- -~






lt

-

-- --








30 15 7


WHEAT



----------

---- --------------------









1912-17 1018-23 1924-29 1930-34



254 174 1141 I 94




1912-1i I 1918-23 I 1924-29 I 1930-34

------------ ~

-16 -49 -12 +2 -9 -30 -12-31 1 -21 1 -2 9 -29 -42 ~--==-=-~ I

-30 -25 -24 -24 - - _ -

+32 +4 -S -8 -35 -12

+12 -16 -10

+59 +66 +94 +92

01 tgt)

+13 -20

~ -4 --- til

+78 t1 ~ o IJ

gt-

I ~

~ f~f J ~ ~ ~

31



CORN





ltH ~~--~~t~-~r






+88 +206 +25 6 +229 +195 IJl

lj tltI

~ o l

n cI S ~


1012-17 1U8-23 1924-29 1930-14



(or the 4 perods ~

1912-17 1918-23 1924--29 193fH14

-----1----1--------- lf






bull












SUMMARY







































(

--------------------

-- -------------------



Station 1912-34









Annual me~n_____ 2223 27 ) 2400 3192 262 5 2212 2040 2017 307 II 927 2304 ===========





StatiorL 1912-84



25 34





CORN







320 middotlllO

257 171

]03 106

140 181

JO 4 283

224 28 n

143 194

21 7 145

155 143

223 194

IS5 IS9


AUllUlllmelln 422 240 207 207 298 366 264 244 275 250 278



62

J6

02 62 62 62 62

6

62

101 62

16

62

26

62

6

ILAX


--------------------

----------------------





Acre elds (tons)





bullbull








1 - gt i Ii t Zl 29 31




~ ~

shy

77

r






447J7deg-nU-3





~

19

~

~





OATS


--------------

---- ---------------

-middoti~-O-~-~ ~_





Igtturescor

I t --- tbe4





lean (50 454 121 I 22 1 -13 -142 -261 -157 -143 1Jl ====


Mean_

25__




Ii 714bull6

1620

GO Oplusmn I 85

1648

ti4 8plusmnI 37

1417

3S 9plusmn2 52

I -2

+3

6 +1 2

+43

+66

+60 - +39

+1 1

+a8

+2 1

l d




610plusmn278 1 47 9plusmn3 02 1+1041 +1461 +281 +1011 +95 o

---- ~ ~


fIe1 ~ t ~ bullW





Mean-----_----------------------t------------------------------------------- 697 672 891 537 I +341 +921 +3091 +1591 +16 2





~ C

C 0 1-3

~ 0 Z til

t-)

~




SUGAn ImETS



1

I

fJ ~ ) ~ i-J ~




(u[csCortho4

periods1024-29 193()-341912-17 I 1018-23 I I 1~11018-231~1~






lIfean - =-= ~ = = 8




Menn____ 102 176 154 142 +14 +34 +9 +18 +10====

~

-----------------------




(sturted 1920)





Ci ----------------1----------- t

1621 93 11941 64 1 16 il 40 14 011 is 162154 136155

Menn____________________________I_______________________________-------------1---------- 1 15 1 11i s 1 12

14_R 159 1130

I =58 1631 59

90 1391162 =45 17212 18

----I 6 15S

+231+1

1--------1 +121

-i +6 -6 +3

+10

+4 4 1 +43+12 +12

+2sl +2SI

+4 -5 -7 +4

+31 +19

-7 +6 +9I=I=I~I +61

~ +37 3+S

Z +23 Qt

t1

-1 -2 Ci

+20 2 tj+6 trJ ~ 0 Irj


-~t ~ l ~ ~ ~I t ~ ~

bullbull

25

-





POTATOES


--------------

--------------

1-3

1iy ~-~ ~ _c-v ~
















~

-lt A ~ o 1 ~1

~~~~~- ~lf~

-- r ~ - q~


(started 1920) _______________________________________ 2-tl91 S39 38341 768 303311583 ________ +710 +971 +912 +884





e

~ tl

g o C

~

~ ~

bl ~

~- -~






lt

-

-- --








30 15 7


WHEAT



----------

---- --------------------









1912-17 1018-23 1924-29 1930-34



254 174 1141 I 94




1912-1i I 1918-23 I 1924-29 I 1930-34

------------ ~

-16 -49 -12 +2 -9 -30 -12-31 1 -21 1 -2 9 -29 -42 ~--==-=-~ I

-30 -25 -24 -24 - - _ -

+32 +4 -S -8 -35 -12

+12 -16 -10

+59 +66 +94 +92

01 tgt)

+13 -20

~ -4 --- til

+78 t1 ~ o IJ

gt-

I ~

~ f~f J ~ ~ ~

31



CORN





ltH ~~--~~t~-~r






+88 +206 +25 6 +229 +195 IJl

lj tltI

~ o l

n cI S ~


1012-17 1U8-23 1924-29 1930-14



(or the 4 perods ~

1912-17 1918-23 1924--29 193fH14

-----1----1--------- lf






bull












SUMMARY







































(



CORN







320 middotlllO

257 171

]03 106

140 181

JO 4 283

224 28 n

143 194

21 7 145

155 143

223 194

IS5 IS9


AUllUlllmelln 422 240 207 207 298 366 264 244 275 250 278



62

J6

02 62 62 62 62

6

62

101 62

16

62

26

62

6

ILAX


--------------------

----------------------





Acre elds (tons)





bullbull








1 - gt i Ii t Zl 29 31




~ ~

shy

77

r






447J7deg-nU-3





~

19

~

~





OATS


--------------

---- ---------------

-middoti~-O-~-~ ~_





Igtturescor

I t --- tbe4





lean (50 454 121 I 22 1 -13 -142 -261 -157 -143 1Jl ====


Mean_

25__




Ii 714bull6

1620

GO Oplusmn I 85

1648

ti4 8plusmnI 37

1417

3S 9plusmn2 52

I -2

+3

6 +1 2

+43

+66

+60 - +39

+1 1

+a8

+2 1

l d




610plusmn278 1 47 9plusmn3 02 1+1041 +1461 +281 +1011 +95 o

---- ~ ~


fIe1 ~ t ~ bullW





Mean-----_----------------------t------------------------------------------- 697 672 891 537 I +341 +921 +3091 +1591 +16 2





~ C

C 0 1-3

~ 0 Z til

t-)

~




SUGAn ImETS



1

I

fJ ~ ) ~ i-J ~




(u[csCortho4

periods1024-29 193()-341912-17 I 1018-23 I I 1~11018-231~1~






lIfean - =-= ~ = = 8




Menn____ 102 176 154 142 +14 +34 +9 +18 +10====

~

-----------------------




(sturted 1920)





Ci ----------------1----------- t

1621 93 11941 64 1 16 il 40 14 011 is 162154 136155

Menn____________________________I_______________________________-------------1---------- 1 15 1 11i s 1 12

14_R 159 1130

I =58 1631 59

90 1391162 =45 17212 18

----I 6 15S

+231+1

1--------1 +121

-i +6 -6 +3

+10

+4 4 1 +43+12 +12

+2sl +2SI

+4 -5 -7 +4

+31 +19

-7 +6 +9I=I=I~I +61

~ +37 3+S

Z +23 Qt

t1

-1 -2 Ci

+20 2 tj+6 trJ ~ 0 Irj


-~t ~ l ~ ~ ~I t ~ ~

bullbull

25

-





POTATOES


--------------

--------------

1-3

1iy ~-~ ~ _c-v ~
















~

-lt A ~ o 1 ~1

~~~~~- ~lf~

-- r ~ - q~


(started 1920) _______________________________________ 2-tl91 S39 38341 768 303311583 ________ +710 +971 +912 +884





e

~ tl

g o C

~

~ ~

bl ~

~- -~






lt

-

-- --








30 15 7


WHEAT



----------

---- --------------------









1912-17 1018-23 1924-29 1930-34



254 174 1141 I 94




1912-1i I 1918-23 I 1924-29 I 1930-34

------------ ~

-16 -49 -12 +2 -9 -30 -12-31 1 -21 1 -2 9 -29 -42 ~--==-=-~ I

-30 -25 -24 -24 - - _ -

+32 +4 -S -8 -35 -12

+12 -16 -10

+59 +66 +94 +92

01 tgt)

+13 -20

~ -4 --- til

+78 t1 ~ o IJ

gt-

I ~

~ f~f J ~ ~ ~

31



CORN





ltH ~~--~~t~-~r






+88 +206 +25 6 +229 +195 IJl

lj tltI

~ o l

n cI S ~


1012-17 1U8-23 1924-29 1930-14



(or the 4 perods ~

1912-17 1918-23 1924--29 193fH14

-----1----1--------- lf






bull












SUMMARY







































(

--------------------

----------------------





Acre elds (tons)





bullbull








1 - gt i Ii t Zl 29 31




~ ~

shy

77

r






447J7deg-nU-3





~

19

~

~





OATS


--------------

---- ---------------

-middoti~-O-~-~ ~_





Igtturescor

I t --- tbe4





lean (50 454 121 I 22 1 -13 -142 -261 -157 -143 1Jl ====


Mean_

25__




Ii 714bull6

1620

GO Oplusmn I 85

1648

ti4 8plusmnI 37

1417

3S 9plusmn2 52

I -2

+3

6 +1 2

+43

+66

+60 - +39

+1 1

+a8

+2 1

l d




610plusmn278 1 47 9plusmn3 02 1+1041 +1461 +281 +1011 +95 o

---- ~ ~


fIe1 ~ t ~ bullW





Mean-----_----------------------t------------------------------------------- 697 672 891 537 I +341 +921 +3091 +1591 +16 2





~ C

C 0 1-3

~ 0 Z til

t-)

~




SUGAn ImETS



1

I

fJ ~ ) ~ i-J ~




(u[csCortho4

periods1024-29 193()-341912-17 I 1018-23 I I 1~11018-231~1~






lIfean - =-= ~ = = 8




Menn____ 102 176 154 142 +14 +34 +9 +18 +10====

~

-----------------------




(sturted 1920)





Ci ----------------1----------- t

1621 93 11941 64 1 16 il 40 14 011 is 162154 136155

Menn____________________________I_______________________________-------------1---------- 1 15 1 11i s 1 12

14_R 159 1130

I =58 1631 59

90 1391162 =45 17212 18

----I 6 15S

+231+1

1--------1 +121

-i +6 -6 +3

+10

+4 4 1 +43+12 +12

+2sl +2SI

+4 -5 -7 +4

+31 +19

-7 +6 +9I=I=I~I +61

~ +37 3+S

Z +23 Qt

t1

-1 -2 Ci

+20 2 tj+6 trJ ~ 0 Irj


-~t ~ l ~ ~ ~I t ~ ~

bullbull

25

-





POTATOES


--------------

--------------

1-3

1iy ~-~ ~ _c-v ~
















~

-lt A ~ o 1 ~1

~~~~~- ~lf~

-- r ~ - q~


(started 1920) _______________________________________ 2-tl91 S39 38341 768 303311583 ________ +710 +971 +912 +884





e

~ tl

g o C

~

~ ~

bl ~

~- -~






lt

-

-- --








30 15 7


WHEAT



----------

---- --------------------









1912-17 1018-23 1924-29 1930-34



254 174 1141 I 94




1912-1i I 1918-23 I 1924-29 I 1930-34

------------ ~

-16 -49 -12 +2 -9 -30 -12-31 1 -21 1 -2 9 -29 -42 ~--==-=-~ I

-30 -25 -24 -24 - - _ -

+32 +4 -S -8 -35 -12

+12 -16 -10

+59 +66 +94 +92

01 tgt)

+13 -20

~ -4 --- til

+78 t1 ~ o IJ

gt-

I ~

~ f~f J ~ ~ ~

31



CORN





ltH ~~--~~t~-~r






+88 +206 +25 6 +229 +195 IJl

lj tltI

~ o l

n cI S ~


1012-17 1U8-23 1924-29 1930-14



(or the 4 perods ~

1912-17 1918-23 1924--29 193fH14

-----1----1--------- lf






bull












SUMMARY







































(

bullbull








1 - gt i Ii t Zl 29 31




~ ~

shy

77

r






447J7deg-nU-3





~

19

~

~





OATS


--------------

---- ---------------

-middoti~-O-~-~ ~_





Igtturescor

I t --- tbe4





lean (50 454 121 I 22 1 -13 -142 -261 -157 -143 1Jl ====


Mean_

25__




Ii 714bull6

1620

GO Oplusmn I 85

1648

ti4 8plusmnI 37

1417

3S 9plusmn2 52

I -2

+3

6 +1 2

+43

+66

+60 - +39

+1 1

+a8

+2 1

l d




610plusmn278 1 47 9plusmn3 02 1+1041 +1461 +281 +1011 +95 o

---- ~ ~


fIe1 ~ t ~ bullW





Mean-----_----------------------t------------------------------------------- 697 672 891 537 I +341 +921 +3091 +1591 +16 2





~ C

C 0 1-3

~ 0 Z til

t-)

~




SUGAn ImETS



1

I

fJ ~ ) ~ i-J ~




(u[csCortho4

periods1024-29 193()-341912-17 I 1018-23 I I 1~11018-231~1~






lIfean - =-= ~ = = 8




Menn____ 102 176 154 142 +14 +34 +9 +18 +10====

~

-----------------------




(sturted 1920)





Ci ----------------1----------- t

1621 93 11941 64 1 16 il 40 14 011 is 162154 136155

Menn____________________________I_______________________________-------------1---------- 1 15 1 11i s 1 12

14_R 159 1130

I =58 1631 59

90 1391162 =45 17212 18

----I 6 15S

+231+1

1--------1 +121

-i +6 -6 +3

+10

+4 4 1 +43+12 +12

+2sl +2SI

+4 -5 -7 +4

+31 +19

-7 +6 +9I=I=I~I +61

~ +37 3+S

Z +23 Qt

t1

-1 -2 Ci

+20 2 tj+6 trJ ~ 0 Irj


-~t ~ l ~ ~ ~I t ~ ~

bullbull

25

-





POTATOES


--------------

--------------

1-3

1iy ~-~ ~ _c-v ~
















~

-lt A ~ o 1 ~1

~~~~~- ~lf~

-- r ~ - q~


(started 1920) _______________________________________ 2-tl91 S39 38341 768 303311583 ________ +710 +971 +912 +884





e

~ tl

g o C

~

~ ~

bl ~

~- -~






lt

-

-- --








30 15 7


WHEAT



----------

---- --------------------









1912-17 1018-23 1924-29 1930-34



254 174 1141 I 94




1912-1i I 1918-23 I 1924-29 I 1930-34

------------ ~

-16 -49 -12 +2 -9 -30 -12-31 1 -21 1 -2 9 -29 -42 ~--==-=-~ I

-30 -25 -24 -24 - - _ -

+32 +4 -S -8 -35 -12

+12 -16 -10

+59 +66 +94 +92

01 tgt)

+13 -20

~ -4 --- til

+78 t1 ~ o IJ

gt-

I ~

~ f~f J ~ ~ ~

31



CORN





ltH ~~--~~t~-~r






+88 +206 +25 6 +229 +195 IJl

lj tltI

~ o l

n cI S ~


1012-17 1U8-23 1924-29 1930-14



(or the 4 perods ~

1912-17 1918-23 1924--29 193fH14

-----1----1--------- lf






bull












SUMMARY







































(

r






447J7deg-nU-3





~

19

~

~





OATS


--------------

---- ---------------

-middoti~-O-~-~ ~_





Igtturescor

I t --- tbe4





lean (50 454 121 I 22 1 -13 -142 -261 -157 -143 1Jl ====


Mean_

25__




Ii 714bull6

1620

GO Oplusmn I 85

1648

ti4 8plusmnI 37

1417

3S 9plusmn2 52

I -2

+3

6 +1 2

+43

+66

+60 - +39

+1 1

+a8

+2 1

l d




610plusmn278 1 47 9plusmn3 02 1+1041 +1461 +281 +1011 +95 o

---- ~ ~


fIe1 ~ t ~ bullW





Mean-----_----------------------t------------------------------------------- 697 672 891 537 I +341 +921 +3091 +1591 +16 2





~ C

C 0 1-3

~ 0 Z til

t-)

~




SUGAn ImETS



1

I

fJ ~ ) ~ i-J ~




(u[csCortho4

periods1024-29 193()-341912-17 I 1018-23 I I 1~11018-231~1~






lIfean - =-= ~ = = 8




Menn____ 102 176 154 142 +14 +34 +9 +18 +10====

~

-----------------------




(sturted 1920)





Ci ----------------1----------- t

1621 93 11941 64 1 16 il 40 14 011 is 162154 136155

Menn____________________________I_______________________________-------------1---------- 1 15 1 11i s 1 12

14_R 159 1130

I =58 1631 59

90 1391162 =45 17212 18

----I 6 15S

+231+1

1--------1 +121

-i +6 -6 +3

+10

+4 4 1 +43+12 +12

+2sl +2SI

+4 -5 -7 +4

+31 +19

-7 +6 +9I=I=I~I +61

~ +37 3+S

Z +23 Qt

t1

-1 -2 Ci

+20 2 tj+6 trJ ~ 0 Irj


-~t ~ l ~ ~ ~I t ~ ~

bullbull

25

-





POTATOES


--------------

--------------

1-3

1iy ~-~ ~ _c-v ~
















~

-lt A ~ o 1 ~1

~~~~~- ~lf~

-- r ~ - q~


(started 1920) _______________________________________ 2-tl91 S39 38341 768 303311583 ________ +710 +971 +912 +884





e

~ tl

g o C

~

~ ~

bl ~

~- -~






lt

-

-- --








30 15 7


WHEAT



----------

---- --------------------









1912-17 1018-23 1924-29 1930-34



254 174 1141 I 94




1912-1i I 1918-23 I 1924-29 I 1930-34

------------ ~

-16 -49 -12 +2 -9 -30 -12-31 1 -21 1 -2 9 -29 -42 ~--==-=-~ I

-30 -25 -24 -24 - - _ -

+32 +4 -S -8 -35 -12

+12 -16 -10

+59 +66 +94 +92

01 tgt)

+13 -20

~ -4 --- til

+78 t1 ~ o IJ

gt-

I ~

~ f~f J ~ ~ ~

31



CORN





ltH ~~--~~t~-~r






+88 +206 +25 6 +229 +195 IJl

lj tltI

~ o l

n cI S ~


1012-17 1U8-23 1924-29 1930-14



(or the 4 perods ~

1912-17 1918-23 1924--29 193fH14

-----1----1--------- lf






bull












SUMMARY







































(





~

19

~

~





OATS


--------------

---- ---------------

-middoti~-O-~-~ ~_





Igtturescor

I t --- tbe4





lean (50 454 121 I 22 1 -13 -142 -261 -157 -143 1Jl ====


Mean_

25__




Ii 714bull6

1620

GO Oplusmn I 85

1648

ti4 8plusmnI 37

1417

3S 9plusmn2 52

I -2

+3

6 +1 2

+43

+66

+60 - +39

+1 1

+a8

+2 1

l d




610plusmn278 1 47 9plusmn3 02 1+1041 +1461 +281 +1011 +95 o

---- ~ ~


fIe1 ~ t ~ bullW





Mean-----_----------------------t------------------------------------------- 697 672 891 537 I +341 +921 +3091 +1591 +16 2





~ C

C 0 1-3

~ 0 Z til

t-)

~




SUGAn ImETS



1

I

fJ ~ ) ~ i-J ~




(u[csCortho4

periods1024-29 193()-341912-17 I 1018-23 I I 1~11018-231~1~






lIfean - =-= ~ = = 8




Menn____ 102 176 154 142 +14 +34 +9 +18 +10====

~

-----------------------




(sturted 1920)





Ci ----------------1----------- t

1621 93 11941 64 1 16 il 40 14 011 is 162154 136155

Menn____________________________I_______________________________-------------1---------- 1 15 1 11i s 1 12

14_R 159 1130

I =58 1631 59

90 1391162 =45 17212 18

----I 6 15S

+231+1

1--------1 +121

-i +6 -6 +3

+10

+4 4 1 +43+12 +12

+2sl +2SI

+4 -5 -7 +4

+31 +19

-7 +6 +9I=I=I~I +61

~ +37 3+S

Z +23 Qt

t1

-1 -2 Ci

+20 2 tj+6 trJ ~ 0 Irj


-~t ~ l ~ ~ ~I t ~ ~

bullbull

25

-





POTATOES


--------------

--------------

1-3

1iy ~-~ ~ _c-v ~
















~

-lt A ~ o 1 ~1

~~~~~- ~lf~

-- r ~ - q~


(started 1920) _______________________________________ 2-tl91 S39 38341 768 303311583 ________ +710 +971 +912 +884





e

~ tl

g o C

~

~ ~

bl ~

~- -~






lt

-

-- --








30 15 7


WHEAT



----------

---- --------------------









1912-17 1018-23 1924-29 1930-34



254 174 1141 I 94




1912-1i I 1918-23 I 1924-29 I 1930-34

------------ ~

-16 -49 -12 +2 -9 -30 -12-31 1 -21 1 -2 9 -29 -42 ~--==-=-~ I

-30 -25 -24 -24 - - _ -

+32 +4 -S -8 -35 -12

+12 -16 -10

+59 +66 +94 +92

01 tgt)

+13 -20

~ -4 --- til

+78 t1 ~ o IJ

gt-

I ~

~ f~f J ~ ~ ~

31



CORN





ltH ~~--~~t~-~r






+88 +206 +25 6 +229 +195 IJl

lj tltI

~ o l

n cI S ~


1012-17 1U8-23 1924-29 1930-14



(or the 4 perods ~

1912-17 1918-23 1924--29 193fH14

-----1----1--------- lf






bull












SUMMARY







































(

19

~

~





OATS


--------------

---- ---------------

-middoti~-O-~-~ ~_





Igtturescor

I t --- tbe4





lean (50 454 121 I 22 1 -13 -142 -261 -157 -143 1Jl ====


Mean_

25__




Ii 714bull6

1620

GO Oplusmn I 85

1648

ti4 8plusmnI 37

1417

3S 9plusmn2 52

I -2

+3

6 +1 2

+43

+66

+60 - +39

+1 1

+a8

+2 1

l d




610plusmn278 1 47 9plusmn3 02 1+1041 +1461 +281 +1011 +95 o

---- ~ ~


fIe1 ~ t ~ bullW





Mean-----_----------------------t------------------------------------------- 697 672 891 537 I +341 +921 +3091 +1591 +16 2





~ C

C 0 1-3

~ 0 Z til

t-)

~




SUGAn ImETS



1

I

fJ ~ ) ~ i-J ~




(u[csCortho4

periods1024-29 193()-341912-17 I 1018-23 I I 1~11018-231~1~






lIfean - =-= ~ = = 8




Menn____ 102 176 154 142 +14 +34 +9 +18 +10====

~

-----------------------




(sturted 1920)





Ci ----------------1----------- t

1621 93 11941 64 1 16 il 40 14 011 is 162154 136155

Menn____________________________I_______________________________-------------1---------- 1 15 1 11i s 1 12

14_R 159 1130

I =58 1631 59

90 1391162 =45 17212 18

----I 6 15S

+231+1

1--------1 +121

-i +6 -6 +3

+10

+4 4 1 +43+12 +12

+2sl +2SI

+4 -5 -7 +4

+31 +19

-7 +6 +9I=I=I~I +61

~ +37 3+S

Z +23 Qt

t1

-1 -2 Ci

+20 2 tj+6 trJ ~ 0 Irj


-~t ~ l ~ ~ ~I t ~ ~

bullbull

25

-





POTATOES


--------------

--------------

1-3

1iy ~-~ ~ _c-v ~
















~

-lt A ~ o 1 ~1

~~~~~- ~lf~

-- r ~ - q~


(started 1920) _______________________________________ 2-tl91 S39 38341 768 303311583 ________ +710 +971 +912 +884





e

~ tl

g o C

~

~ ~

bl ~

~- -~






lt

-

-- --








30 15 7


WHEAT



----------

---- --------------------









1912-17 1018-23 1924-29 1930-34



254 174 1141 I 94




1912-1i I 1918-23 I 1924-29 I 1930-34

------------ ~

-16 -49 -12 +2 -9 -30 -12-31 1 -21 1 -2 9 -29 -42 ~--==-=-~ I

-30 -25 -24 -24 - - _ -

+32 +4 -S -8 -35 -12

+12 -16 -10

+59 +66 +94 +92

01 tgt)

+13 -20

~ -4 --- til

+78 t1 ~ o IJ

gt-

I ~

~ f~f J ~ ~ ~

31



CORN





ltH ~~--~~t~-~r






+88 +206 +25 6 +229 +195 IJl

lj tltI

~ o l

n cI S ~


1012-17 1U8-23 1924-29 1930-14



(or the 4 perods ~

1912-17 1918-23 1924--29 193fH14

-----1----1--------- lf






bull












SUMMARY







































(

--------------

---- ---------------

-middoti~-O-~-~ ~_





Igtturescor

I t --- tbe4





lean (50 454 121 I 22 1 -13 -142 -261 -157 -143 1Jl ====


Mean_

25__




Ii 714bull6

1620

GO Oplusmn I 85

1648

ti4 8plusmnI 37

1417

3S 9plusmn2 52

I -2

+3

6 +1 2

+43

+66

+60 - +39

+1 1

+a8

+2 1

l d




610plusmn278 1 47 9plusmn3 02 1+1041 +1461 +281 +1011 +95 o

---- ~ ~


fIe1 ~ t ~ bullW





Mean-----_----------------------t------------------------------------------- 697 672 891 537 I +341 +921 +3091 +1591 +16 2





~ C

C 0 1-3

~ 0 Z til

t-)

~




SUGAn ImETS



1

I

fJ ~ ) ~ i-J ~




(u[csCortho4

periods1024-29 193()-341912-17 I 1018-23 I I 1~11018-231~1~






lIfean - =-= ~ = = 8




Menn____ 102 176 154 142 +14 +34 +9 +18 +10====

~

-----------------------




(sturted 1920)





Ci ----------------1----------- t

1621 93 11941 64 1 16 il 40 14 011 is 162154 136155

Menn____________________________I_______________________________-------------1---------- 1 15 1 11i s 1 12

14_R 159 1130

I =58 1631 59

90 1391162 =45 17212 18

----I 6 15S

+231+1

1--------1 +121

-i +6 -6 +3

+10

+4 4 1 +43+12 +12

+2sl +2SI

+4 -5 -7 +4

+31 +19

-7 +6 +9I=I=I~I +61

~ +37 3+S

Z +23 Qt

t1

-1 -2 Ci

+20 2 tj+6 trJ ~ 0 Irj


-~t ~ l ~ ~ ~I t ~ ~

bullbull

25

-





POTATOES


--------------

--------------

1-3

1iy ~-~ ~ _c-v ~
















~

-lt A ~ o 1 ~1

~~~~~- ~lf~

-- r ~ - q~


(started 1920) _______________________________________ 2-tl91 S39 38341 768 303311583 ________ +710 +971 +912 +884





e

~ tl

g o C

~

~ ~

bl ~

~- -~






lt

-

-- --








30 15 7


WHEAT



----------

---- --------------------









1912-17 1018-23 1924-29 1930-34



254 174 1141 I 94




1912-1i I 1918-23 I 1924-29 I 1930-34

------------ ~

-16 -49 -12 +2 -9 -30 -12-31 1 -21 1 -2 9 -29 -42 ~--==-=-~ I

-30 -25 -24 -24 - - _ -

+32 +4 -S -8 -35 -12

+12 -16 -10

+59 +66 +94 +92

01 tgt)

+13 -20

~ -4 --- til

+78 t1 ~ o IJ

gt-

I ~

~ f~f J ~ ~ ~

31



CORN





ltH ~~--~~t~-~r






+88 +206 +25 6 +229 +195 IJl

lj tltI

~ o l

n cI S ~


1012-17 1U8-23 1924-29 1930-14



(or the 4 perods ~

1912-17 1918-23 1924--29 193fH14

-----1----1--------- lf






bull












SUMMARY







































(

fIe1 ~ t ~ bullW





Mean-----_----------------------t------------------------------------------- 697 672 891 537 I +341 +921 +3091 +1591 +16 2





~ C

C 0 1-3

~ 0 Z til

t-)

~




SUGAn ImETS



1

I

fJ ~ ) ~ i-J ~




(u[csCortho4

periods1024-29 193()-341912-17 I 1018-23 I I 1~11018-231~1~






lIfean - =-= ~ = = 8




Menn____ 102 176 154 142 +14 +34 +9 +18 +10====

~

-----------------------




(sturted 1920)





Ci ----------------1----------- t

1621 93 11941 64 1 16 il 40 14 011 is 162154 136155

Menn____________________________I_______________________________-------------1---------- 1 15 1 11i s 1 12

14_R 159 1130

I =58 1631 59

90 1391162 =45 17212 18

----I 6 15S

+231+1

1--------1 +121

-i +6 -6 +3

+10

+4 4 1 +43+12 +12

+2sl +2SI

+4 -5 -7 +4

+31 +19

-7 +6 +9I=I=I~I +61

~ +37 3+S

Z +23 Qt

t1

-1 -2 Ci

+20 2 tj+6 trJ ~ 0 Irj


-~t ~ l ~ ~ ~I t ~ ~

bullbull

25

-





POTATOES


--------------

--------------

1-3

1iy ~-~ ~ _c-v ~
















~

-lt A ~ o 1 ~1

~~~~~- ~lf~

-- r ~ - q~


(started 1920) _______________________________________ 2-tl91 S39 38341 768 303311583 ________ +710 +971 +912 +884





e

~ tl

g o C

~

~ ~

bl ~

~- -~






lt

-

-- --








30 15 7


WHEAT



----------

---- --------------------









1912-17 1018-23 1924-29 1930-34



254 174 1141 I 94




1912-1i I 1918-23 I 1924-29 I 1930-34

------------ ~

-16 -49 -12 +2 -9 -30 -12-31 1 -21 1 -2 9 -29 -42 ~--==-=-~ I

-30 -25 -24 -24 - - _ -

+32 +4 -S -8 -35 -12

+12 -16 -10

+59 +66 +94 +92

01 tgt)

+13 -20

~ -4 --- til

+78 t1 ~ o IJ

gt-

I ~

~ f~f J ~ ~ ~

31



CORN





ltH ~~--~~t~-~r






+88 +206 +25 6 +229 +195 IJl

lj tltI

~ o l

n cI S ~


1012-17 1U8-23 1924-29 1930-14



(or the 4 perods ~

1912-17 1918-23 1924--29 193fH14

-----1----1--------- lf






bull












SUMMARY







































(




SUGAn ImETS



1

I

fJ ~ ) ~ i-J ~




(u[csCortho4

periods1024-29 193()-341912-17 I 1018-23 I I 1~11018-231~1~






lIfean - =-= ~ = = 8




Menn____ 102 176 154 142 +14 +34 +9 +18 +10====

~

-----------------------




(sturted 1920)





Ci ----------------1----------- t

1621 93 11941 64 1 16 il 40 14 011 is 162154 136155

Menn____________________________I_______________________________-------------1---------- 1 15 1 11i s 1 12

14_R 159 1130

I =58 1631 59

90 1391162 =45 17212 18

----I 6 15S

+231+1

1--------1 +121

-i +6 -6 +3

+10

+4 4 1 +43+12 +12

+2sl +2SI

+4 -5 -7 +4

+31 +19

-7 +6 +9I=I=I~I +61

~ +37 3+S

Z +23 Qt

t1

-1 -2 Ci

+20 2 tj+6 trJ ~ 0 Irj


-~t ~ l ~ ~ ~I t ~ ~

bullbull

25

-





POTATOES


--------------

--------------

1-3

1iy ~-~ ~ _c-v ~
















~

-lt A ~ o 1 ~1

~~~~~- ~lf~

-- r ~ - q~


(started 1920) _______________________________________ 2-tl91 S39 38341 768 303311583 ________ +710 +971 +912 +884





e

~ tl

g o C

~

~ ~

bl ~

~- -~






lt

-

-- --








30 15 7


WHEAT



----------

---- --------------------









1912-17 1018-23 1924-29 1930-34



254 174 1141 I 94




1912-1i I 1918-23 I 1924-29 I 1930-34

------------ ~

-16 -49 -12 +2 -9 -30 -12-31 1 -21 1 -2 9 -29 -42 ~--==-=-~ I

-30 -25 -24 -24 - - _ -

+32 +4 -S -8 -35 -12

+12 -16 -10

+59 +66 +94 +92

01 tgt)

+13 -20

~ -4 --- til

+78 t1 ~ o IJ

gt-

I ~

~ f~f J ~ ~ ~

31



CORN





ltH ~~--~~t~-~r






+88 +206 +25 6 +229 +195 IJl

lj tltI

~ o l

n cI S ~


1012-17 1U8-23 1924-29 1930-14



(or the 4 perods ~

1912-17 1918-23 1924--29 193fH14

-----1----1--------- lf






bull












SUMMARY







































(

fJ ~ ) ~ i-J ~




(u[csCortho4

periods1024-29 193()-341912-17 I 1018-23 I I 1~11018-231~1~






lIfean - =-= ~ = = 8




Menn____ 102 176 154 142 +14 +34 +9 +18 +10====

~

-----------------------




(sturted 1920)





Ci ----------------1----------- t

1621 93 11941 64 1 16 il 40 14 011 is 162154 136155

Menn____________________________I_______________________________-------------1---------- 1 15 1 11i s 1 12

14_R 159 1130

I =58 1631 59

90 1391162 =45 17212 18

----I 6 15S

+231+1

1--------1 +121

-i +6 -6 +3

+10

+4 4 1 +43+12 +12

+2sl +2SI

+4 -5 -7 +4

+31 +19

-7 +6 +9I=I=I~I +61

~ +37 3+S

Z +23 Qt

t1

-1 -2 Ci

+20 2 tj+6 trJ ~ 0 Irj


-~t ~ l ~ ~ ~I t ~ ~

bullbull

25

-





POTATOES


--------------

--------------

1-3

1iy ~-~ ~ _c-v ~
















~

-lt A ~ o 1 ~1

~~~~~- ~lf~

-- r ~ - q~


(started 1920) _______________________________________ 2-tl91 S39 38341 768 303311583 ________ +710 +971 +912 +884





e

~ tl

g o C

~

~ ~

bl ~

~- -~






lt

-

-- --








30 15 7


WHEAT



----------

---- --------------------









1912-17 1018-23 1924-29 1930-34



254 174 1141 I 94




1912-1i I 1918-23 I 1924-29 I 1930-34

------------ ~

-16 -49 -12 +2 -9 -30 -12-31 1 -21 1 -2 9 -29 -42 ~--==-=-~ I

-30 -25 -24 -24 - - _ -

+32 +4 -S -8 -35 -12

+12 -16 -10

+59 +66 +94 +92

01 tgt)

+13 -20

~ -4 --- til

+78 t1 ~ o IJ

gt-

I ~

~ f~f J ~ ~ ~

31



CORN





ltH ~~--~~t~-~r






+88 +206 +25 6 +229 +195 IJl

lj tltI

~ o l

n cI S ~


1012-17 1U8-23 1924-29 1930-14



(or the 4 perods ~

1912-17 1918-23 1924--29 193fH14

-----1----1--------- lf






bull












SUMMARY







































(

-----------------------




(sturted 1920)





Ci ----------------1----------- t

1621 93 11941 64 1 16 il 40 14 011 is 162154 136155

Menn____________________________I_______________________________-------------1---------- 1 15 1 11i s 1 12

14_R 159 1130

I =58 1631 59

90 1391162 =45 17212 18

----I 6 15S

+231+1

1--------1 +121

-i +6 -6 +3

+10

+4 4 1 +43+12 +12

+2sl +2SI

+4 -5 -7 +4

+31 +19

-7 +6 +9I=I=I~I +61

~ +37 3+S

Z +23 Qt

t1

-1 -2 Ci

+20 2 tj+6 trJ ~ 0 Irj


-~t ~ l ~ ~ ~I t ~ ~

bullbull

25

-





POTATOES


--------------

--------------

1-3

1iy ~-~ ~ _c-v ~
















~

-lt A ~ o 1 ~1

~~~~~- ~lf~

-- r ~ - q~


(started 1920) _______________________________________ 2-tl91 S39 38341 768 303311583 ________ +710 +971 +912 +884





e

~ tl

g o C

~

~ ~

bl ~

~- -~






lt

-

-- --








30 15 7


WHEAT



----------

---- --------------------









1912-17 1018-23 1924-29 1930-34



254 174 1141 I 94




1912-1i I 1918-23 I 1924-29 I 1930-34

------------ ~

-16 -49 -12 +2 -9 -30 -12-31 1 -21 1 -2 9 -29 -42 ~--==-=-~ I

-30 -25 -24 -24 - - _ -

+32 +4 -S -8 -35 -12

+12 -16 -10

+59 +66 +94 +92

01 tgt)

+13 -20

~ -4 --- til

+78 t1 ~ o IJ

gt-

I ~

~ f~f J ~ ~ ~

31



CORN





ltH ~~--~~t~-~r






+88 +206 +25 6 +229 +195 IJl

lj tltI

~ o l

n cI S ~


1012-17 1U8-23 1924-29 1930-14



(or the 4 perods ~

1912-17 1918-23 1924--29 193fH14

-----1----1--------- lf






bull












SUMMARY







































(

bullbull

25

-





POTATOES


--------------

--------------

1-3

1iy ~-~ ~ _c-v ~
















~

-lt A ~ o 1 ~1

~~~~~- ~lf~

-- r ~ - q~


(started 1920) _______________________________________ 2-tl91 S39 38341 768 303311583 ________ +710 +971 +912 +884





e

~ tl

g o C

~

~ ~

bl ~

~- -~






lt

-

-- --








30 15 7


WHEAT



----------

---- --------------------









1912-17 1018-23 1924-29 1930-34



254 174 1141 I 94




1912-1i I 1918-23 I 1924-29 I 1930-34

------------ ~

-16 -49 -12 +2 -9 -30 -12-31 1 -21 1 -2 9 -29 -42 ~--==-=-~ I

-30 -25 -24 -24 - - _ -

+32 +4 -S -8 -35 -12

+12 -16 -10

+59 +66 +94 +92

01 tgt)

+13 -20

~ -4 --- til

+78 t1 ~ o IJ

gt-

I ~

~ f~f J ~ ~ ~

31



CORN





ltH ~~--~~t~-~r






+88 +206 +25 6 +229 +195 IJl

lj tltI

~ o l

n cI S ~


1012-17 1U8-23 1924-29 1930-14



(or the 4 perods ~

1912-17 1918-23 1924--29 193fH14

-----1----1--------- lf






bull












SUMMARY







































(

--------------

--------------

1-3

1iy ~-~ ~ _c-v ~
















~

-lt A ~ o 1 ~1

~~~~~- ~lf~

-- r ~ - q~


(started 1920) _______________________________________ 2-tl91 S39 38341 768 303311583 ________ +710 +971 +912 +884





e

~ tl

g o C

~

~ ~

bl ~

~- -~






lt

-

-- --








30 15 7


WHEAT



----------

---- --------------------









1912-17 1018-23 1924-29 1930-34



254 174 1141 I 94




1912-1i I 1918-23 I 1924-29 I 1930-34

------------ ~

-16 -49 -12 +2 -9 -30 -12-31 1 -21 1 -2 9 -29 -42 ~--==-=-~ I

-30 -25 -24 -24 - - _ -

+32 +4 -S -8 -35 -12

+12 -16 -10

+59 +66 +94 +92

01 tgt)

+13 -20

~ -4 --- til

+78 t1 ~ o IJ

gt-

I ~

~ f~f J ~ ~ ~

31



CORN





ltH ~~--~~t~-~r






+88 +206 +25 6 +229 +195 IJl

lj tltI

~ o l

n cI S ~


1012-17 1U8-23 1924-29 1930-14



(or the 4 perods ~

1912-17 1918-23 1924--29 193fH14

-----1----1--------- lf






bull












SUMMARY







































(

~~~~~- ~lf~

-- r ~ - q~


(started 1920) _______________________________________ 2-tl91 S39 38341 768 303311583 ________ +710 +971 +912 +884





e

~ tl

g o C

~

~ ~

bl ~

~- -~






lt

-

-- --








30 15 7


WHEAT



----------

---- --------------------









1912-17 1018-23 1924-29 1930-34



254 174 1141 I 94




1912-1i I 1918-23 I 1924-29 I 1930-34

------------ ~

-16 -49 -12 +2 -9 -30 -12-31 1 -21 1 -2 9 -29 -42 ~--==-=-~ I

-30 -25 -24 -24 - - _ -

+32 +4 -S -8 -35 -12

+12 -16 -10

+59 +66 +94 +92

01 tgt)

+13 -20

~ -4 --- til

+78 t1 ~ o IJ

gt-

I ~

~ f~f J ~ ~ ~

31



CORN





ltH ~~--~~t~-~r






+88 +206 +25 6 +229 +195 IJl

lj tltI

~ o l

n cI S ~


1012-17 1U8-23 1924-29 1930-14



(or the 4 perods ~

1912-17 1918-23 1924--29 193fH14

-----1----1--------- lf






bull












SUMMARY







































(






lt

-

-- --








30 15 7


WHEAT



----------

---- --------------------









1912-17 1018-23 1924-29 1930-34



254 174 1141 I 94




1912-1i I 1918-23 I 1924-29 I 1930-34

------------ ~

-16 -49 -12 +2 -9 -30 -12-31 1 -21 1 -2 9 -29 -42 ~--==-=-~ I

-30 -25 -24 -24 - - _ -

+32 +4 -S -8 -35 -12

+12 -16 -10

+59 +66 +94 +92

01 tgt)

+13 -20

~ -4 --- til

+78 t1 ~ o IJ

gt-

I ~

~ f~f J ~ ~ ~

31



CORN





ltH ~~--~~t~-~r






+88 +206 +25 6 +229 +195 IJl

lj tltI

~ o l

n cI S ~


1012-17 1U8-23 1924-29 1930-14



(or the 4 perods ~

1912-17 1918-23 1924--29 193fH14

-----1----1--------- lf






bull












SUMMARY







































(

-- --








30 15 7


WHEAT



----------

---- --------------------









1912-17 1018-23 1924-29 1930-34



254 174 1141 I 94




1912-1i I 1918-23 I 1924-29 I 1930-34

------------ ~

-16 -49 -12 +2 -9 -30 -12-31 1 -21 1 -2 9 -29 -42 ~--==-=-~ I

-30 -25 -24 -24 - - _ -

+32 +4 -S -8 -35 -12

+12 -16 -10

+59 +66 +94 +92

01 tgt)

+13 -20

~ -4 --- til

+78 t1 ~ o IJ

gt-

I ~

~ f~f J ~ ~ ~

31



CORN





ltH ~~--~~t~-~r






+88 +206 +25 6 +229 +195 IJl

lj tltI

~ o l

n cI S ~


1012-17 1U8-23 1924-29 1930-14



(or the 4 perods ~

1912-17 1918-23 1924--29 193fH14

-----1----1--------- lf






bull












SUMMARY







































(

----------

---- --------------------









1912-17 1018-23 1924-29 1930-34



254 174 1141 I 94




1912-1i I 1918-23 I 1924-29 I 1930-34

------------ ~

-16 -49 -12 +2 -9 -30 -12-31 1 -21 1 -2 9 -29 -42 ~--==-=-~ I

-30 -25 -24 -24 - - _ -

+32 +4 -S -8 -35 -12

+12 -16 -10

+59 +66 +94 +92

01 tgt)

+13 -20

~ -4 --- til

+78 t1 ~ o IJ

gt-

I ~

~ f~f J ~ ~ ~

31



CORN





ltH ~~--~~t~-~r






+88 +206 +25 6 +229 +195 IJl

lj tltI

~ o l

n cI S ~


1012-17 1U8-23 1924-29 1930-14



(or the 4 perods ~

1912-17 1918-23 1924--29 193fH14

-----1----1--------- lf






bull












SUMMARY







































(

31



CORN





ltH ~~--~~t~-~r






+88 +206 +25 6 +229 +195 IJl

lj tltI

~ o l

n cI S ~


1012-17 1U8-23 1924-29 1930-14



(or the 4 perods ~

1912-17 1918-23 1924--29 193fH14

-----1----1--------- lf






bull












SUMMARY







































(

ltH ~~--~~t~-~r






+88 +206 +25 6 +229 +195 IJl

lj tltI

~ o l

n cI S ~


1012-17 1U8-23 1924-29 1930-14



(or the 4 perods ~

1912-17 1918-23 1924--29 193fH14

-----1----1--------- lf






bull












SUMMARY







































(





bull












SUMMARY







































(












SUMMARY







































(






































(

IRRIGATED CROP ROTATIONS IN - AgEcon...

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Transcript of IRRIGATED CROP ROTATIONS IN - AgEcon...