Iris Recognition Iris Recognition

Sathya Swathi MabbuSathya Swathi Mabbu

Long N VuongLong N Vuong

TopicsTopics

Technique of iris recognitionTechnique of iris recognitionAttacks Attacks ImplementationImplementationAdvantages & DisadvantagesAdvantages & Disadvantages

Why Iris Recognition?Why Iris Recognition?

Iris patterns are unique.Iris patterns are unique. Iris patterns do not change with age. Iris patterns do not change with age. Non Contact approach.Non Contact approach.Simplicity and ease of Simplicity and ease of

implementation.implementation.Speed – the process of matching the Speed – the process of matching the

iris patterns is very fast. iris patterns is very fast.

TechniqueTechnique

Step 1: Capturing the image of the eye using a Step 1: Capturing the image of the eye using a camera. camera.

Step 2: Differentiating the outline of the iris and the Step 2: Differentiating the outline of the iris and the sclera, and the pupil from the iris.sclera, and the pupil from the iris.

Step 3: Encoding the image using demodulation (also Step 3: Encoding the image using demodulation (also removes reflections, intrusion of eye lid lashes, removes reflections, intrusion of eye lid lashes, contact lens outline etc.,). Code is 256 bytes. contact lens outline etc.,). Code is 256 bytes.

pupil

iris

sclera

Iris pattern - ComparisonIris pattern - Comparison

Test of Statistical IndependenceTest of Statistical Independence Compare the iris codes (256*8=2048 Compare the iris codes (256*8=2048

bits) of the eyes using the following bits) of the eyes using the following formulaformula

[Code A (XOR) Code B] AND Mask A AND Mask B[Code A (XOR) Code B] AND Mask A AND Mask B

H.D = H.D =

Mask A AND Mask BMask A AND Mask B

This is called Hamming Distance (H.D). This is called Hamming Distance (H.D).

Speed PerformanceSpeed Performance On a 300 MHz workstation, the execution On a 300 MHz workstation, the execution

times for the steps in iris recognition are times for the steps in iris recognition are listed below,listed below,

Operation Time Image focus 15 millisec Scrub specular reflections 56 millisec Localize eye and iris 90 millisec Fit pupillary boundary 12 millisec Detect both eyelids 93 millisec Remove lashes and contact lens edges 78 millisec Demodulation and IrisCode creation 102 millisec XOR comparison of two IrisCodes 10 micro sec

100,000 comparisons can be performed in a second.

IrisCode is a registered trademark of Iridian Technologies

Attacks Attacks

1. Iris patterns 1. Iris patterns printed on contact printed on contact lenslens

Countermeasure:Countermeasure: 2D Fourier 2D Fourier TransformTransform

Attacks cont…Attacks cont…

Digital Replay attack Digital Replay attack

Countermeasure:Countermeasure: Encryption of iris code, Encryption of iris code, database security. database security.

Example: Iridian Technologies has Example: Iridian Technologies has established established

3DES Encryption as the standard. 3DES Encryption as the standard.

Attacks cont…Attacks cont…

Picture of an iris Picture of an iris

Countermeasure:Countermeasure: Liveness test ( on Liveness test ( on command eye movement, pupillary light command eye movement, pupillary light reflex , red eye effect, light absorption reflex , red eye effect, light absorption properties of living tissue, hippus etc.,)properties of living tissue, hippus etc.,)

RED EYE EFFECT

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE IRIS RECOGNITION SYSTEM

The Process and Analysis The Process and Analysis UnitUnit

Each image is given to the P&A Unit for recognition:Each image is given to the P&A Unit for recognition:1.1. Splits the colored image and tests the morphologySplits the colored image and tests the morphology2.2. Transforms the image in a 3D imageTransforms the image in a 3D image3.3. Transforms the image in the frequencies domain Transforms the image in the frequencies domain 4.4. Transforms the image in a multidimensional Transforms the image in a multidimensional

objects, then the algorithm executes the last objects, then the algorithm executes the last analysis to recognize a personanalysis to recognize a person

The Largest National The Largest National DeploymentDeployment

Iris recognition border-crossing system in Iris recognition border-crossing system in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)the United Arab Emirates (UAE)

Advantages of the Iris for Advantages of the Iris for IdentificationIdentification

Highly protected, internal organ of the Highly protected, internal organ of the eyeeye

Externally visible, patterns imaged from a Externally visible, patterns imaged from a distancedistance

Iris patterns possess a high degree of Iris patterns possess a high degree of randomnessrandomness

Patterns apparently stable throughout lifePatterns apparently stable throughout life Encoding and decision-making are Encoding and decision-making are

tractabletractable

Disadvantages of the Iris for Disadvantages of the Iris for IdentificationIdentification

Small target to acquire from a distanceSmall target to acquire from a distance Moving target…within another…on yet Moving target…within another…on yet

anotheranother Located behind a curved, wet, reflecting Located behind a curved, wet, reflecting

surfacesurface Obscured by eyelashes, lenses, reflectionsObscured by eyelashes, lenses, reflections Illumination should not be visible or brightIllumination should not be visible or bright

Why iris recognition is not so famous?Why iris recognition is not so famous?

ConvenienceConvenienceAcceptanceAcceptanceCost Cost

Q & AQ & A