8/13/2019 [IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ_ IR History_ Early Days - 1

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/irfca-indian-railways-faq-ir-history-early-days-1 1/2

1/14/14 [IRFCA]IndianRailwaysFAQ:IRHistory:EarlyDays-1

www.irfca.org/faq/faq-hist.html 1/2

IR History: Early Days - I

Contents

The first trains in India  Chronology of railways in India, Part 1 (1832 - 1869)

The first trains in India

Q. When did the first train run in India?

The customary answer to this question is 3:35pm on April 16th, 1853, when a train with 14 railway carriages and 400 guests left Bombay's Bori Bunder

for Thane, with a 21-gun sa lute. It was hauled by three locomotives: Sindh, Sultan, and Sahib. The journey took an hour and fifteen minutes.

That, however, was just the first commercial passenger service in India. In fact, a few other railways are known to have operated in India prior to 1853,

for hauling materials.

In 1835, a short experimental line was laid near Chintadripet. This appears to have been a practice run of sorts for the Red Hill Railroad line.

Construction on this line began in 1836. This line was intended for the carriage of granite stone. It was opened in 1837, and while it had teething

troubles, it appears that it was definitely in operation in 1837, with a w ritten report of its running from January 1838. While primarily intended for rail

wagons hauled by animals, locomotives were also used on the line. One of them may even have been built in India. More here.

In 1845, a railway was built for carriage of stone and construction materials for irrigation works and a dam over the Godavari near Rajahmundry. More

here.

Perhaps best known of these early pre-1853 railways is the account of a steam locomotive, Thomason, which had been used for hauling construction

material in Roorkee for the Solani viaduct in 1851 (it is said to have begun working there on 22nd December 1851). The Solani viaduct construction was

a part of the Ganges Canal project, started in 1845. The viaduct had 15 arches and spanned the 4km-wide Solani valley (about 145km north-east of 

New Delhi). Earth for the approach embankments was transported along light rail lines about 5 to 10 km long from Piran Kaliyar to Roorkee. Standard

gauge wagons were used, built from parts brought over from England, and hauled by men and later horses. In late 1851, the locomotive Thomason

(named for the engineer on the project) was a ssembled on the spo t from parts transported from Calcutta. It hauled two wagons at a time, at a speed

of about 6km/h. It did not last very long, and after about 9 months India's first steam locomotive died a spectacular death with a boiler explosion,

reportedly to the delight of the construction workers who had viewed it more as a hindrance than help. Hughes' book state s that this was a six-wheeled

tank engine, probably a 2-2-2WT built by E. B. Wilson, and of standard gauge. Some details of the wagons and the use of the locomotive are in Sir Proby

8/13/2019 [IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ_ IR History_ Early Days - 1

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/irfca-indian-railways-faq-ir-history-early-days-1 2/2

1/14/14 [IRFCA]IndianRailwaysFAQ:IRHistory:EarlyDays-1

www.irfca.org/faq/faq-hist.html 2/2

"[The railway is] a triumph, to which, in

comparison, all our victories in the East 

seem tame and commonplace. The openingof the Great Indian Peninsular Railway will 

be remembered by the natives of India when

the battlefields of Plassey, Assaye, Meanee,

and Goojerat have become landmarks of 

history." (The Overland Telegraph and 

Courier, April 1853)

T Cautley's Report on the Ganges Canal Works (3 volumes, 1860). More here.

Read more about these early railways in this article by Simon Darvill: The First Railways in India.

It is entirely possible that there were other such railways used for the conveyance of materials and construction supplies in India around this time.

Moving past these construction railways, the next locomotive to arrive in India was the Falkland  (named

for a governor of Bombay), used by the contractors of the GIPR for shunting operations on the first line

out of Bombay that was being built. It began work on February 23, 1852. Hughes' book suggests that

this was also built by E. B. Wilson, and was probably a four-wheeled tank engine (0-4-0T?) with dummy

crankshaft. It later be came GIPR loco #9. A third locomotive, Vulcan, is said to have been used by the

GIPR for material hauling and shunting duties in 1852 as we ll.

There were also eight more locos from Vulcan Foundry imported by GIPR in 1852 and 1853.

On November 18, 1852, a locomotive hauled some coaches on a trial run from Bori Bunder to Thana.

This probably counts as the first "real" train to run in India.

Q. What was the Guarantee System? What were G uaranteed Railways?

In the 1840s, when the first proposals for railways in India were being debated in Great Britain, there was intense lobbying in support of these

proposals by banks, traders, shipping companies, and others w ho had a strong interest in seeing railways be formed in India. These supporters

prevailed upon the British Parliament to create the Guarantee System, whereby any company that constructed railways in India was guaranteed a

certain rate of interest on its capital investment. This guarantee was honoured by the East India Company which then controlled large parts of India.

The railways that were formed with such agreements governing them were called guaranteed railways. Typically, the guarantee was for a return of 5%

annually, and the right for the railway company to pull out of the venture and get compensation from the government at any time.