IRELAND - Part 5 : ANGLO-NORMAN in IRELAND
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Transcript of IRELAND - Part 5 : ANGLO-NORMAN in IRELAND
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ANGLO-NORMAN conquest of IRELAND
Part 5
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ENGLISH come to IRELAND
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A thousand years ago, Ireland had many kings
and they often fought each
other.
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In 1152 one Irish king, DERMOT Mac MURROUGH attacked another Irish king,
TIERNAN O’ROURKE, and took his wife.
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TIERNAN O’ROURKE, was the friend of a third king,
RORY O’CONNOR..
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In 1166
RORY
O’CONNOR
was made
king of
all Ireland.
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At this time, TIERNAN and RORY attacked DERMOT MAC MURROUGH,
but DERMOT escaped to England.
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DERMOT then asked the king of England, HENRY the SECOND, to help
him to fight RORY and TIERNAN.
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So in 1169 HENRY’s men came to Ireland and fought RORY
and TIERNAN, but HENRY’s men did not go home again.
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King HENRY’s men took more and more of the land
for themselves.
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They built cities by the sea, and big castles.
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HENRY
the SECOND
called
himself
King of England
and Ireland.
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But many Irish did not acceptthis situation.
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For the next four hundred years, English kings tried to rule Ireland from
Dublin. But it was very difficult.
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Many Irish didn’t accept to be ruled by a king and many
of them were killed.
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In 1536 the English Church changed
from Catholic to Protestant under
HENRY the VIII.
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So England became a Protestant country, but Ireland was still Catholic.
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For the Protestant English,
their King was the most important man in the Church,
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but for the Catholic Irish, the most
important man was the Pope –the leader of the Catholic Church- in Rome.
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Pope Clement VII refused to annul the first marriage of Henry VIII.
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Inspite of the refusal Henry VIII married Anne Boleyn.
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The Pope responded
to the marriage by
excommunicating Henry VIII
from the Catholic Church.
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Henry VIII led the English Parliament to pass the Act of Supremacy (1534)
that established the independent Church of England and broke the relations with the Catholic Church.
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England became protestant.
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There was a lot of fighting in Ireland about this, and usually the English won.
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The kings of England took more land from the Catholic Irish, and gave it to Protestants Englishmen and Scotsmen.
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This plan was calledthe PLANTATION of ULSTER (1609),
because much of the land was in Ulster, in the north of Ireland.
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Englishmen from London built a new town in a place called DERRY,
and called it LONDONDERRY.
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The Catholic Irish were angry about this and wanted their land back.
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In 1641 the Catholics attacked the Protestants in Ulster. They took their
houses and belongings and killed thousands of people.
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Eight years later, in 1649, OLIVER CROMWELL
took an English army to Ireland.
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OLIVER CROMWELL
was the leader of the English
after the death of
King CHARLES the FIRST.
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The English soldiers killed thousands of Catholics in a town called DROGHEDA.
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In 1685
the people
of England
and Scotland
got a new king:
JAMES the
SECOND
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JAMES the
SECOND was a
Catholic, and he was not very popular.
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Many people wanted a
different king, and in 1688 WILLIAM
of ORANGE, a Dutch
Protestant, came to England.
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WILLIAM of ORANGE was married to JAMES’s daughter MARY.
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WILLIAM
of ORANGE
wanted
to be king
of England,
Scotland
and Ireland.
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In those three countries people who wanted JAMES to be king fought
against people who wanted WILLIAM to be king.
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Most of JAMES’s friends were Catholics in Ireland. With his help,
they tried to get their land back again.
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They got most of it, but they could not get LONDONDERRY.
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When they attacked it , the Protestants ran inside the city walls
and closed the gates.
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For 105 days, the Catholic soldiers tried to get inside and kill them.
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The Protestants were cold and afraid and hungry. They ate cats and dogs and horses, but they did not open the gates.
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15,000 people died during this time, which was called
the SIEGE of DERRY.
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At last , Protestant ships came to LONDONDERRY with food and soldiers,
and the siege was over.
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After that the new Protestant English King,
WILLIAM of ORANGE, won two very important battles against the Catholics:
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The Battle of the BOYNE in 1690,and the Battle of AUGHRIM in 1691.
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The Catholic Irish didn’t fight a big battle again for 100 years.
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So for the next hundred years life was very difficult for the Catholic Irish.
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Keeping their land or going to Catholic schools or Catholic churches
was very difficult and they could not speak or vote in Parliament.
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All the important people in Ireland were Protestants, and all the big,
beautiful houses and the best farms belonged to Protestants.
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In most countries , people read about history in books;
in Ireland, history is alive today.
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Every year, Protestants in Londonderry march to remember 1688.
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In Belfast, on 12 July, Protestant Orangemen march with music and songs
about King WILLIAM of ORANGE – often called “King Billy”-
and the Battle of the BOYNE.
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Every year, Catholics are angry about these marches.
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There are many wounds. Peace is difficult to conquer.
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This striking bronze sculpture of two men reaching out to each other symbolises the spirit of reconciliation
and hope for the future
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ANGLO-NORMAN conquest of IRELAND
End of part 5