Ireland-2 contrasting regions
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Transcript of Ireland-2 contrasting regions
Ireland-2 contrasting regions
BMW-IRELAND’S PERIPHERAL REGION
13 counties Quarter of Irelands population-1,132,090 48% of the land area Low population density(25/30 km) High dependency on the primary sector Underdeveloped transport infrastructure Low employment in the services-tertiary
sector
BMW-Borders, Midlands and the West pg.296
Few urban centres-largest is Galway Unemployment is above the national
average Industrial development is based on
multinational companies Area has good economic potential-little
congestion,unspoilt environment,areas of natural beauty
BMW cont.
Climate: Cool temperate oceanic,(maritime) Mild winters (6 degrees) Warm summers(15 degrees) Rainfall through the year(1,500mm) Southwesterly prevailing winds-relief rain. The influence of the sea-reducing summer
temperatures,increasing winter-(onshore,offshore breezes.)
Physical processes-climate,relief,soils and drainage.
North Atlantic Drift(warm ocean current)-keeping coasts ice free.
Frontal depressions-moving from west to east-frontal rain
Climate cont.
Relief along the coastline is mountainous-metmorphic rock-Bluestack,Nephin beg, Twelve pins,Mweelrea
Lowland areas around Roscommon,part of the drumlin belt(glaciation) boulder clay soils.
Laois, Offaly ,Westmeath-poorly drained boglands ,thin soils.
Main rivers-Shannon,Moy,Clare
Relief and drainage
Mostly poor quality and infertile.
Peat, gley and podzols.
Heavy rain means leaching and hardpans.
Soils are shallow due to glacial erosion.
Midlands have some fertile brown earth soils
Soils
Subsistence,unproductive,unprofitable Lack of mechanisation Farmers are old and conservative Farms are small and fragmented Wet climate,varied relief and poor soils are
an obstacle to commercial farming. Most farmers get EU grants,subsidies-68%
of farming incomes Part-time farmers-forestry,fishing,agri-
tourism,industry
Primary economic activities-agriculture
Pastoral-main activity-mountains,2m sheep in Galway,Mayo
Poultry,mushrooms in the border counties
Cattle on boulder clay soils
Arable limited due to poor soils,climate.
Grass the most widely grown crop-feedlivestock
Main types of farming practised:
Key source of employment in the B.M.W-directly and indirectly.
Advantages: Rich fishing grounds-North Atlantic.
N.A.D-warm water,variety of fish.
Shallow sea,continental shelf-rich in plankton-micro organism fish feed on.
Indented coastline-sheltered harbours
Primary cont.Fishing ,Aquaculture
Killybegs(donegal)-chief fishing port in Ireland.
Fishing and related activities worth €50m to the local economy.
Seafood processing sector-1,403 employees
Centre of Irish open ocean fleet-200 miles off coast.
Factory ships-herring,mackeral-1,000 people employed
Fishing cont.
Salmon,shellfish,mussels,oysters.
Clew Bay,killary harbour,worth €13m in2001.
2,000 employed in Galway,Mayo
60% of B.I.M(Bord iascaigh mhara) funding for training in aquaculture,processing and catching is spent in the B.M.W.
Aquaculture-fish farming
Certain areas suffer from rural deprivation-unemployment,low education skills etc.
Low pop,. Density-less than 20 per km² Scattered rural population Braindrain-high outward migration of young
people/rural depopulation Low birth,marriage rates. High age dependency ratio(pop aged
under15 and over 65)
Human processes:population
1. N.D.P-national development plan2. N.S.S-national spatial strategy-gateways
and hubs pg.306/3563. Transport 21-increase accessibility-atlantic
corridor-Donegal to Waterford,Dublin- Galway inter urban motorway
4. Decentralisation
Planning-to reduce the imbalance between the core and periphery.
G.D.A.-Greater Dublin Area
Core region in Ireland
G.D.A
Counties Dublin,Kildare,Meath and Wicklow Route focus /nodal point Administrative,financial capital Major service centre Natural resources High population density/in-migration Attractive to industry
GREATER DUBLIN AREA:GDA pg:307
Factors influencing industry:Transport-nodal point,route focus-
air,rail,port,road,port tunnel,M50
Market/labour force-population of 1.3 million high pop density,young pop.,high inward migration from Ireland and abroad,educated skilled workforce,cheap labour(foreign migrants)rich affluent market-luxury goods.
Secondary economic activity
Variety of traditional and modern industries. No single industry dominates Widely dispersed Due to transport industry has moved away
from traditional locations in the inner city/docklands to business parks/industrial estates near the M50 and the airport eg.city west,santry near airport
Industry:
Knowledge based multinational companies-Microsoft,Ibm Intel,Rank Zerox-European capital for IT.
Food processing-Cadburys,Jacobs(closed),Guinness,Tayto
Printing and publishing-independent newspapers at citywest.
Types of industry:
Discuss the factors that have influenced the development of a secondary economic activity in an Irish region you have studied.
BUSINESS PARKS AND INDUSTRIAL ESTATES IN DUBLIN
84% of workforce involved.
Dublin city dominates tertiary activities-primate city.millionaire city,focal /nodal point-1.6m in region creating demand
Transport ,tourism,service sector-finance etc.
Tertiary activities:
Dublin region attracts 27% of visitors to Ireland
Tourism earns 1billion for region 2009 5.5m tourists visited Dublin Year round business Dublin main point of entry-90% all visitors
land at Dublin airport 2003 Europes third most popular city break
destination
Tourism
GDA tourist attractions are many and varied-culture,shopping,night life ,sporting,historical
8 of the states top ten attractions are in Dublin:Guinness storehouse,dublin zoo,book of kells,Dublin castle,National museum
Outside Dublin:Newgrange,Curragh,National stud,Glendalough Wicklow
Where do they go?
Dublin is a route focus/nodal point
Gateway to Europe
Dublin has the most efficient transport system in the country
Well developed public transport system
Tertiary-Transport-pg265
Luas - Welcome to Luas, Dublin's Light Rail Tram System.
Dublin Tunnel : Home
M50.ie | M50 Motorway | M50 Toll Charges | M50 Information
Dublin - Dublinbikes
Road:Dublin is a route focus the centre of Ireland’s road network-N4,N6,N7,M1,M50-port tunnel,removal of toll.
Rail:centre of Ireland’s rail network –Heuston,Connolly,Pearse station.Dart and Luas lines,proposed metro and extending luas(transport 21).
Water:Dublin is Ireland’s largest port-processes 50% of Irish trade
Air:Dublin airport is Ireland’s largest airport.terminal 2 in 2010
Transport-variety of methods
1997 city speed was 14km an hour Port tunnel between M1 and docklands M50 upgraded in 2007 Extension of luas and metro lines Underground luas line Expanding QBC,cycle paths,and pedestrian
facilities Some on hold depending on funding
Transport 21-alleviate congestion
Population in 2006 of G.D.A =1.6m More females than males. G.D.A will account for 41% of total population in
2021. Melting pot,multicultural city-7.2% of Dublin’s
pop=foreign nationals. High in migration from west of Ireland,Europe
and the third world. Last census translated into 13 languages. Variety of religions-Hindu,Muslim,Jews,Buddists
Human processes:
Chapter 24: The Dynamics of Irish Regions II: The Dublin Region
THE GROWTH OF DUBLIN CITY Expanded rapidly since the 1950s Zone of influence is now a large proportion of
the Eastern half of the country
Dominant primate city Founded by the Vikings in the ninth century Low-lying land at the mouth of Dublin Bay Bridging point Centre of trade and administration Focus of road and rail networks
Chapter 24: The Dynamics of Irish Regions II: The Dublin Region
THE GROWTH OF DUBLIN CITY (continued)
City has expanded due to influx of foreign migrants and rural to urban migration
Wide variety of educational and healthcare services
Excellent communications systems Modern telecommunication services 1970s uncontrolled expansion of the
city Planners designed and created new
towns on Dublin’s rural-urbanfringe, e.g. Blanchardstown
Chapter 24: The Dynamics of Irish Regions II: The Dublin Region
THE GROWTH OF DUBLIN CITY (continued)
People continually leaving the city to live within commutable distance as house prices in the city are still up to €100,000 more expensive than in the rest of the country
2007 a new town to the west developed – Adamstown
People move to Kildare, Meath and Wicklow and commute to the city for work
Massive traffic congestion Workers live as far away as
Carlow (90 km) from the city centre
Chapter 24: The Dynamics of Irish Regions II: The Dublin Region
THE GROWTH OF DUBLIN CITY (continued)
Newly dispersed Dublin City: three new county councils – Dun Laoghaire, Fingal and South Dublin county councils – were created
Dublin Corporation is responsible for issues such as water, sewage and other public services
Irish government – National Spatial Strategy (NSS) to combat the growth of Dublin by establishing gateways, e.g. Galway and hubs, e.g. Kilkenny
Encourage development in the gateway and hub locations in the Dublin region
Core region points History Urban problems Future
The growth of an urban area in an Irish region you studied.