IR THEORY IR 5001. Iconic images of world politics battlefields, soldiers, guns, F-16s Veiled women,...
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Transcript of IR THEORY IR 5001. Iconic images of world politics battlefields, soldiers, guns, F-16s Veiled women,...
IR THEORYIR 5001
• Iconic images of world politics
• battlefields, soldiers, guns, F-16s
• Veiled women, ‘burqa’
• War on Terror
• Taliban’s oppression of women
• War on Terror, in part, a war on behalf of women and children
• Social Imaginary• Rescue of women and children ‘other’• Masculine national state (US) pastoral, paternal • Against, Islamic ‘terrorist,’ feminized other• War imagery of enemy • Masculine self/feminized other• Foreign Policy, War, Security, Power, • Nation/State
GENDER / IR
• Gendering theory
• What is gender?biology?
social construct masculinity/femininity
performativity language/discourse
Inequality
Hierarchy
Power
• What is theory?
• Ontology (in)visibility) what we see
• Epistemology – claims to know – how we know
• Methodology
• Axiology? (secularization of knowledge claims)
• Gender and IR theory and practice• Objectivity• Rationality • Power – territorial, sovereign• War/conflict • Accumulation• Citizen/humanity• Male knowledge = human knowledge, universal
Distinctions
• Warrior/Beautiful Soul
• Public/Private
• State/Household
• Citizens/Men
• Classical theory (Rousseau, Hegel, Marx)
• Paid work/unpaid labour
• Everyday
• Patriarchy (rule of father)• Feminist theory• Ungendering theory • Feminist empiricism (including excluded groups)• Standpoint feminism (difference, experience,
values)• Postmodern feminism • Postcolonial feminism
• Feminism • First Wave 19th and early 20the centuries
(suffragist movements, representation)• Second Wave in the 1960s and 70s
‘personal as political’, economic and cultural inequalities
• Third Wave 1990s post-structural critique of enlightenment thought, autonomy, rationality, subjectivity
• Liberal Feminists
• Assumption men and women are equal
• Women under-represented
• Participation in global politics
• Diplomats, military, business,
• Access to power
• Equal representation
• Standpoint Feminism
• Essentialism
• Male – conflict, war, power
• Female – peace, cooperation, fairness
• Values
• Post-Positivist Feminism– Discourse, performance, unstable not
fixed (no single cause of subordination)
• Cynthia Enloe: Where are the women– Diplomats wives workers, army bases, sex workers
• Ann Tickner : Realism biased to male lived experience (Hans Morgenthau)– Objectivity (culturally defined)– National interest (many sided)– Power as domination?– Politics and morality not distinct– Moral elements– Political realm is not autonomous
• Postmodern feminism
• Anti essentialist, discourse, language, web of meanings
• Freud, Lacan, Foucault, Irigaray
• Role of other (hospitality, accountability, empathy, cooperation, affinity)
• Gender one node of subjectification, capillary form of power
Postcolonial Feminist IR
• Postcolonial feminist IR• Spivak, Mohanty, Bhaba, Said, • ‘The subaltern cannot speak’• Normalization of white, western, middle class
woman as site of feminist struggles• Universalization of feminist theory from western
location• Ethnocentric• Internal racism, classism, homophobia
• Autonomy, subjectivity, modernity implicit starting point of liberal and radical feminism
• Colonial modernity – governmentality
• Disciplining of women central to stabilization of colonial conduct of conduct
• Women-nation-anti-colonial struggle
• Double marginalization (state/nation/labor)
Gender and Power
• Territorial/sovereign
• Micro-politics
• Capillary forms – subjectification
• Normalization
• Not autonomous but constituted in web of meanings (knowledge)
• Resistance
Gender and State
• Historical formation of the state• Women in state formation• Revolutionary struggles• Reproductive work of making citizens• Welfare/family• RBJ Walker’s critique – state sovereignty
subsumes all difference (race, class, gender) real work of gender/IR to undo principle of state sovereignty
• RBJ Walker :Women’s time and women’s place• Modernity/home• Fusion of gender into unitary political identity
(state)• Difficulty of location a place from which to speak
– all such places socially and historically constructed
• Politics of forgetting• Modernity – valorizes the “merely domestic,
reproductive nurturing, passive voice of women”
Women and ‘Development’
• Women and ‘Development’
• Modernization theory/difference
• Backwardness/lack/absence
• Third World Women
• Capitalism and Gender
• Productive/Unproductive labor
• Women as container of backwardness
Globalization and Gender
• Global Commodity Chain (IPE- Gary Gerrefi)
• Global Care Chain ( Arlie Hochschild maids, nannies, nurses in global division of labor)
• Women and flexible accumulation
• Structures of Neo-colonial global capitalism
• Gendered global division of labor
• Service
• Peripheral and flexible work force
• Feminization of global work force
• Security-Human Security-Insecurity Studies
• ‘Globalization of mothering’