IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals
-
Upload
ripe-ncc -
Category
Technology
-
view
434 -
download
0
description
Transcript of IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals
![Page 1: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals
Nathalie TrenamanRIPE NCC
Swiss IPv6 Council 28 April 2014
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 2: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
• RIPE Policies
• What ranges can I get, and where?
• Allocation Process
• How do I use this space?
• IPv6 Addressing Guidelines
• Recommendations
Agenda
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 3: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Ferenc Csorba - 13 March 2014
RIPE NCC
• Located in Amsterdam
• Not for profit organisation
• One of the 5 Regional Internet
Registries
RIPE NCC - who are we? 3
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 4: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
“On 14 September 2012, the RIPE NCC ran out of their regular pool of IPv4”
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 5: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Section 1
IPv6 Policies
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 6: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
IPv6 Address Basics
6IP Address Distribution
Allocation PA Assignment PI Assignment
IANA
End User
LIR
RIR
/3
/32
/12
/56/48 /48
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 7: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Ferenc Csorba - 13 March 2014
RIPE Policies
•IPv6 Address Allocation &
Assignment Policy
•RIPE-589
•Made by the RIPE Community
•Consensus is the key
7
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 8: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Getting it
8
• To qualify, an organisation must:
• Be an LIR
• Have a plan for making assignments within two years
• Minimum allocation size /32
• Up to a /29 without additional justification
• More if justified by customer numbers
Getting an IPv6 allocation
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 9: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Getting it
9
• Give your customers enough addresses
• up to a /48
• For more addresses send in request form
• alternatively, make a sub-allocation
• Every assignment must be registered in the
RIPE Database
Customer Assignments
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 10: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Getting it
10Comparison IPv4 and IPv6 status
IPv4 IPv6
ALLOCATED PA ALLOCATED-BY-RIR
ASSIGNED PA ASSIGNED
ASSIGNED PA AGGREGATED-BY-LIR
SUB-ALLOCATED PA ALLOCATED-BY-LIR
ASSIGNED PI ASSIGNED PI
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 11: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Getting it
11
• Status is ASSIGNED
• Minimum assignment size is a/64
• For more than a /48, send a request form
Using ASSIGNED
ALLOCATED-BY-RIR
ASSIGNED /44
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 12: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Getting it
12
• Can be used to group customers
• broadband, for example
• “assignment size” = assignment of each customer
Using AGGREGATED-BY-LIR
ALLOCATED-BY-RIR
AGGREGATED-BY-LIRassignment-size: 56
/34
/56 /56/56/56/56
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 13: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Getting it
13
inet6num: 2001:db8:1000::/36netname: Brightlifedescr: Broadband servicescountry: NLadmin-c: BN649-RIPEtech-c: BN649-RIPEstatus: AGGREGATED-BY-LIRassignment-size: 48mnt-by: BRIGHTLIFE-MNTnotify: [email protected]: [email protected] 20130218source: RIPE
AGGREGATED-BY-LIR in the RIPE DB
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 14: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Getting it
14
• Can be used for customers who expect large growth
• or for your own infrastructure
Using ALLOCATED-BY-LIR
ALLOCATED-BY-RIR
ALLOCATED-BY-LIR
AGGREGATED-BY-LIRassignment-size: 48 /40
/36
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 15: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Getting it
15Overview
ALLOCATED-BY-RIR
ALLOCATED-BY-LIR
/48 /48/48/48/48
AGGREGATED-BY-LIRassignment-size: 48 /40
ASSIGNED AGGREGATED-BY-LIRassignment-size: 56 /34/44/36
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 16: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Getting it
16
• To qualify, an organisation must:
• Meet the contractual requirements for provider
independent resources
• LIRs must demonstrate special routing requirements
• Minimum assignment size /48
• PI space can not be used for sub-assignments
• not even 1 IP address
Getting IPv6 PI address space
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 17: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Tips
17IPv6 RIPEness: 10238 LIRs
4 stars21%
3 stars14%
2 stars8%1 star
25%
No IPv632%
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 18: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Tips
18IPv6 RIPEness: Switzerland 350 LIRs
4 stars24%
3 stars19%
2 stars8%
1 star21%
No IPv628%
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 19: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
?19
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 20: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Section 2
IPv6 Addressing Plans
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 21: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Why Create an Addressing Plan?
Benefits of an IPv6 Addressing Plan:
•Mental health during implementation(!)
•Easier implementation of security policies
•Efficient addressing plans are scalable
•More efficient route aggregation
21
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 22: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
4 Bit BoundariesIPv6 offers flexibility with addressing plans
Network addressing can be done on 4 bit
boundaries
22
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 23: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
CustomersCustomers should get a large block of
addresses
•/48 - Business
•/48 or 56 - Residential
For more than a /48, send a request form
Every assignment must be registered
23
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 24: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Example SituationCustomer has 6 functions:
•Servers
•Office PCs
•Network Engineers PCs
•Guests
•VPN (remote workers)
• Infrastructure (point-to-point and
loopbacks)
24
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 25: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Example SituationCustomer has 3 locations:
•Main building floor 1
•Main building floor 2
•Secondary office
25
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 26: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Example Assignment from LIRThe customer gets 2001:0db8:1a2b::/48
Work on 4 bit boundary
• 6 functions, leaves room for 10 new functions
• 3 locations, leaves room for 13 new locations
• We still have 8 bits!
• Room for 256 networks per function per location
26
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 27: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Example Plan 1Putting this in the address:
2001:0db8:1a2b:FLXX::/64
•F = function (0=infrastructure, 1=servers,
2=office, 3 =engineers, e=vpn, f=guest)
•L = location (0=main building 1, 1=main
building 2, 2=secondary office
•XX = Number for network of type +location
27
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 28: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Example Plan Usage
28
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 29: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Example Plan Usage2001:0db8:1a2b:1000::/64
28
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 30: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Example Plan Usage2001:0db8:1a2b:1000::/64
•Servers in Main building, floor 1, network 0
28
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 31: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Example Plan Usage2001:0db8:1a2b:1000::/64
•Servers in Main building, floor 1, network 0
2001:0db8:1a2b:1200::/64
28
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 32: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Example Plan Usage2001:0db8:1a2b:1000::/64
•Servers in Main building, floor 1, network 0
2001:0db8:1a2b:1200::/64
•Servers in Secondary office, network 0
28
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 33: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Example Plan Usage2001:0db8:1a2b:1000::/64
•Servers in Main building, floor 1, network 0
2001:0db8:1a2b:1200::/64
•Servers in Secondary office, network 0
2001:0db8:1a2b:f009::/64
28
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 34: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Example Plan Usage2001:0db8:1a2b:1000::/64
•Servers in Main building, floor 1, network 0
2001:0db8:1a2b:1200::/64
•Servers in Secondary office, network 0
2001:0db8:1a2b:f009::/64
•Guest in Main Building, floor 1, network 9
28
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 35: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Example Plan Usage2001:0db8:1a2b:1000::/64
•Servers in Main building, floor 1, network 0
2001:0db8:1a2b:1200::/64
•Servers in Secondary office, network 0
2001:0db8:1a2b:f009::/64
•Guest in Main Building, floor 1, network 9
28
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 36: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Example Plan Usage
29
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 37: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Example Plan Usage2001:0db8:1a2b:0000::1/128
29
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 38: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Example Plan Usage2001:0db8:1a2b:0000::1/128
•loopback address (location doesn’t apply!)
29
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 39: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Example Plan Usage2001:0db8:1a2b:0000::1/128
•loopback address (location doesn’t apply!)
2001:0db8:1a2b:0102::/64
29
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 40: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Example Plan Usage2001:0db8:1a2b:0000::1/128
•loopback address (location doesn’t apply!)
2001:0db8:1a2b:0102::/64
•point-to-point link (0 for infrastructure)
29
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 41: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Example Plan Usage2001:0db8:1a2b:0000::1/128
•loopback address (location doesn’t apply!)
2001:0db8:1a2b:0102::/64
•point-to-point link (0 for infrastructure)
2001:0db8:1a2b:e1ab::/64
29
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 42: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Example Plan Usage2001:0db8:1a2b:0000::1/128
•loopback address (location doesn’t apply!)
2001:0db8:1a2b:0102::/64
•point-to-point link (0 for infrastructure)
2001:0db8:1a2b:e1ab::/64
•VPN in main office, floor 1, user 171
29
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 43: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Example Plan Usage2001:0db8:1a2b:0000::1/128
•loopback address (location doesn’t apply!)
2001:0db8:1a2b:0102::/64
•point-to-point link (0 for infrastructure)
2001:0db8:1a2b:e1ab::/64
•VPN in main office, floor 1, user 171
29
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 44: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Example Plan Usage2001:0db8:1a2b:0000::1/128
•loopback address (location doesn’t apply!)
2001:0db8:1a2b:0102::/64
•point-to-point link (0 for infrastructure)
2001:0db8:1a2b:e1ab::/64
•VPN in main office, floor 1, user 171
29
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 45: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
AlternativesThe previous example is just an idea
•Adapt as necessary
2001:0db8:1a2b:FFLX::/64
•256 functions
•16 locations
•16 networks per function per location
30
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 46: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
End User SummaryTips:
•Work on 4-bit boundary
•Group subnets by function
•Group subnets by location
•Make a scalable addressing plan
31
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 47: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
ISP Addressing PlanWhat should an ISP Addressing Plan contain?
•Address space for internal use
• loopback interfaces
• point-to-point connections
• servers, routers and other infrastructure at PoPs
•Use a /48 per POP
•Address space for customers
32
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 48: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Loopback InterfacesOne /128 per device
• One /64 contains enough space for
18.446.744.073.709.551.616 devices
Take an easy to remember block for
loopbacks
• 2001:0db8:1a2b:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000
33
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 49: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Point-to-Point InterfacesOne /64 per point-to-point connection
•Reserve 1 /64 for the link, but configure a /
127 (RFC6164)
34
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 50: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
ISP GuidelinesIn common cases:
•One /48 per PoP
•Calculate growth
•Make it scalable
35
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 51: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
IPv6 Address Basics
36
• Every subnet should be a /64
• Customer assignments (sites) between:
• /64 (1 subnet)
• /48 (65,536 subnets)
• Minimum allocation size /32
• 65,536 /48s
• 16,777,216 /56s
IPv6 Address Basics
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 52: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
IPv6 Address Basics
37IPv6 Subnetting
0000:00002001:0DB8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000
IPv6 Subnetting
/32 = 65536 /48/48 = 65536 /64
/52 = 4096 /64/56 = 256 /64
64 bits interface ID
/60 = 16 /64/64
Contact Training Services: [email protected] us on Twitter: www.twitter.com/TrainingRIPENCC
www.ripe.net
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 53: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Tips
38
• Customers have no idea how to handle 65536
subnets!
• Provide them with information
• https://www.ripe.net/lir-services/training/material/
IPv6-for-LIRs-Training-Course/IPv6_addr_plan4.pdf
Customers And Their /48
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 54: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
?39
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 55: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Section 4
Transition Mechanisms
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 56: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Transition Mechanisms
41
• Maintaining connectivity to IPv4 hosts by
sharing IPv4 addresses between clients
• Extending the address space with NAT/CGN/LSN
• Translating between IPv6 and IPv4
• Provide a mechanism to connect to the
emerging IPv6-only networks
• Tunneling IPv6 packets over IPv4-only networks
Transitioning: Solving Two Problems
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 57: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Transition Mechanisms
42
• Manually configured tunnels towards a fixed
tunnel broker like SixXS, Hurricane Electric
or your own system
• Stable and predictable but not easily
deployed to the huge residential markets
• MTU might cause issues
6in4
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 58: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Transition Mechanisms
436in4
PROVIDERCUSTOMER INTERNET
Home UserIPv4 Infrastructure
IPv4
Tunnel Broker IPv6 Internet
Tunnel Server
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 59: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Transition Mechanisms
44
• 6to4
• “Automatic” tunnel, system can configure itself
• IPv4 address is part of the IPv6 address
• Requires a public IPv4 address
• Uses anycast to reach a nearby server
• Return traffic might choose another server
• Teredo
• Uses UDP to encapsulate packets
• Works across (most) NAT implementations
6to4 and Teredo
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 60: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Transition Mechanisms
456to4 and Teredo
PROVIDERCUSTOMER INTERNET
Home UserIPv4 IPv6 Internet
Anycast
6to4 Tunnel Servers
InfrastructureIPv4
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 61: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Transition Mechanisms
46
• Quite similar to 6to4
• Encodes the IPv4 address in the IPv6 prefix
• Uses address space assigned to the operator
• The operator has full control over the relay
• Traffic is symmetric across a relay
• Or at least stays in your domain
• Can work with both public and private space
• Needs additional software for signaling
6RD
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 62: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Transition Mechanisms
476RD
PROVIDERCUSTOMER INTERNET
IPv6 Internet
6RD Tunnel Server
IPv4 Internet
Home UserIPv4 Infrastructure
IPv4
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 63: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Transition Mechanisms
48
• Single-stack clients will only have IPv6
• Translator box will strip all headers and
replace them with IPv4
• Requires some DNS “magic”
• Capture responses and replace A with AAAA
• Response is crafted based on target IPv4 address
• Usually implies address sharing on IPv4
NAT64/DNS64
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 64: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Transition Mechanisms
49NAT64/DNS64
PROVIDERCUSTOMER INTERNET
Home Userpublic IPv6
IPv6 Internet
NAT64 Box
IPv4 Internet
DNS64
Infrastructurepublic IPv6
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 65: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Transition Mechanisms
50
• Tunneling IPv4 over IPv6
• Allows clients to use RFC1918 addresses
without doing NAT themselves
• NAT is centrally located at the provider
• Client’s IPv6 address is used to maintain
state and to keep clients apart
• Allows for duplicate IPv4 ranges
DS-lite
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 66: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Transition Mechanisms
51DS-lite
PROVIDERCUSTOMER INTERNET
IPv6 Internet
NAT44 Box
IPv4 Internet
Home Userpublic IPv6private IPv4
InfrastructureIPv6
InfrastructureIPv4
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
![Page 67: IPv6 Addressing Fundamentals](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051012/5464699cb4af9fda3f8b457f/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Tips
52
• Websites
• http://www.getipv6.info
• http://www.getipv6.info
• http://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/v6ops/
• http://www.ripe.net/ripe/docs/ripe-554.html
• Mailing lists
• http://lists.cluenet.de/mailman/listinfo/ipv6-ops
• http://www.ripe.net/mailman/listinfo/ipv6-wg
Also useful
Tuesday, April 29, 2014