IPv4 vs. IPv6 Anne-Marie Ethier Andrei Iotici "This report was prepared for Professor L. Orozco-...
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Transcript of IPv4 vs. IPv6 Anne-Marie Ethier Andrei Iotici "This report was prepared for Professor L. Orozco-...
IPv4 vs. IPv6
Anne-Marie EthierAndrei Iotici
"This report was prepared for Professor L. Orozco-Barbosa in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the course
ELG/CEG 4183“
March 12, 2002
Presentation Plan
Introduction
Major Advantages to IPv6
Addresses
Packet Headers
Autoconfiguration
Neighbor Discovery
Security
Difficult transition
Introduction
What is IP? The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or
protocol by which data is sent from one computer to another on the Internet.
History In 1978, the Office of the Secretary of Defense
(OSD) mandated the use of IPv4 for all “host-to-host” data exchange enabling IPv4 to become the mechanism for the military to create integrated versus stovepiped communications.
IP Address Shortage
Proliferation of Internet devices: 405M mobile phones sold in 20001B+ by 2005
New emerging populations: China, Korea, Japan, India, Russia
Solution = IPv6
Advantages to IPv6
Larger address space
Reduce end-to-end delay
Higher level of security
Mobility
No fragmentation
Network autoconfiguration
Address Formats
IPv4 32-bit
Ex: 192.156.136.22
IPv6 128 bits
Ex: 1080:0:0:0:8:800:200C:417A
Or in compressed format:
1080::8:800:200C:417A
IPv6 Address Types
UnicastGlobal aggregatableSite localLink local IPv4 compatible
AnycastMulticastNo more broadcast!
L in k - lo c a lS ite - lo c a lG lo b a l
Unicast Addresses
An address for a single interfaceGlobal:
3 13 32 16 64 001 TLA ID NLA ID SLA ID Interface ID TLA : Top-level aggregation NLA : Next-level aggregation SLA : Site-level aggregation The interface ID is based on the MAC address.
Anycast
An address for a set of interfaces that typically belong to different nodes.
96 bits 32 bits
0.0.0.0.0.0.192.168.30.1 = ::192.168.30.1 = ::C0AB:1E01 ---???
0 Ipv4 address
Multicast
An address for a set of interfaces (in a given scope) that typically belong to different nodes.
IPv4 Packet Header
The basic IPv4 packet header has 12 fields with a total size of 20 octets (160 bits).
IPv6 Packet Header
The basic IPv6 packet header has 8 fields with a total size of 40 octets (320 bits).
Neighbor Discovery
Replaces ARP, ICMP, etc.Used for Router discovery Parameter/Prefix discovery Address resolution Address auto-configuration
Can provide the means to renumber home subnets by forwarding solicitations to other subnets.
Autoconfiguration
Used by Neighbour Discovery
IPv6 no longer needs:ARPRARPDHCPBOOTP
Stateless vs. Stateful
Security
Authentication Header (AH) IPv6 datagrams not encrypted Keyed MD5 hashing algorithm proposed for standard
authentication algorithm Eliminates IP spoofing Eliminates Host Masquarading
Encapsulating Security Payload Header (ESP) Provides data integrity and confidentiality DES CBC encryption algorithm as standard (2 Modes)
Tunnel Mode: Whole IP packet encrypted (including header) Transport Mode: Only payload encrypted
Difficult Transition
Some have already begun experimenting with IPv6 on the internet
Dual IP layer
IPv6-over-IPv4 tunneling
For timeline information of the transition efforts, browse http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/ngtrans-charter.html
QuestionsQ1- What is the main reason for the switch from IPv4 to IPv6?
A1- IP address shortage
Q2 - Name 2 IPv6 address types and describe the reasons why they are used.
A2 – Unicast: An address for a single interface.
Anycast: An address for a set of interfaces that typically belong to different nodes. Assigning a unicast address to more than one interface makes a unicast address an anycast address
Multicast: An IPv6 multicast address is an identifier for a set of interfaces that typically belong to different nodes. A packet sent to a multicast address is delivered to all interfaces identified by the multicast address.
Questions(next)
Q3 - Identify 2 differences between the IPv4 and IPv6 packet headers.A3 – IPv6 IPv4
- 320 bits -160 bits - 8 fields - 12 fields - Flow Label - Checksum
Q4 - Explain the concept of "tunneling”A4 - IPv6-over-IPv4 tunneling offers the possibility to encapsulate IPv6 packets within IPv4 headers in order to carry them over IPv4 routing infrastructures.
Questions(next)
Q5 - Name the two main aspects in Internet security and explain how their uses in IPv6.
A5 - Authentication Header (AH): only provides authentication of the data packet and not encryption. This is useful as a standalone when confidentiality is not essential and only authentication is important.
Encapsulating Security Payload Header (ESP): provides data encryption.
BibliographyTechTarget, (2000), Internet Protocol, Retrieved February 24th, 2002 from http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,sid7_gci214031,00.html
Deering, Stephen (2001), Future-Proofing the Internet, Retrieved February 24th, 2002 from www.cisco.com/warp/public/756/industryanalysts/presentations/ipv6_presentations.pdf
Brig, Micheal (2002), A History of the Internet, Retrieved February 25th, 2002 from http://ngi.spawar.navy.mil/history_of_internet.html
Schmid, Stefan (1998), IPv6 benefits, Retrieved February 24th, 2002 from http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/computing/users/sschmid/Spie/node7.html
Osterman, Shawn (2002), Internet Addresses, Retrieved March 12th, 2002 from http://oucsace.cs.ohio.edu/~osterman/class/cs444.archive/notes/chap4.pdf