IPSTAR Broadband Satellitedocshare01.docshare.tips/files/768/7683722.pdf · sized businesses and...

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www.ipstar.com IPSTAR EMPOWERING ASIA-PACIFIC IPSTAR Broadband Satellite

Transcript of IPSTAR Broadband Satellitedocshare01.docshare.tips/files/768/7683722.pdf · sized businesses and...

Page 1: IPSTAR Broadband Satellitedocshare01.docshare.tips/files/768/7683722.pdf · sized businesses and homes, IPSTAR Broadband Satellite can play a key role in empowering universal access

www.ipstar.comIPSTAR EMPOWERING ASIA-PACIFIC

IPSTAR Broadband Satellite

Page 2: IPSTAR Broadband Satellitedocshare01.docshare.tips/files/768/7683722.pdf · sized businesses and homes, IPSTAR Broadband Satellite can play a key role in empowering universal access

Digital technologies and

broadband are opening new

opportunities for administrations,

businesses and communities in

Asia-Pacific.

In addition to being vital to

productivity and development,

the demand for broadband is

constantly growing in everyday

life, in schools and in public

administrations as well as in

every business sector thinkable.

Public agencies and organisations

need to answer the challenge of

safeguarding homeland security

and providing disaster

recovery—anywhere and

any time.

>> Removing distance barriers with the world’s most advanced

broadband satellite communications system

IPSTAR is the world’s largest commercial

satellite and the only satellite designed for

high speed communications over an Internet

Protocol platform, facilitating two-way

broadband connectivity and cost-effective

solutions for any community or business lacking

access to terrestrial line infrastructure.

IPSTAR has established a new era in Internet

Protocol based satellite communications,

determined to provide universal access to

broadband Internet across Asia-Pacific.

The breadth of IPSTAR’s geographical reach

covering an area inhabited by 3.2 billion

people, or roughly 45 percent of the world’s

population—positions IPSTAR as a preferred

gateway into 14 countries in the Asia-Pacific,

resulting in strategic advantages over other

broadband satellites and setting the pace for

innovation in the industry.

> Bridging the digital divide

With more than 100,000 User Terminals sold,

IPSTAR has achieved a critical milestone in its

pursuit to bridge the digital divide in the

region, where the demand for broadband is

constantly growing in everyday life, in schools,

in public administrations, as well as in every

business sector thinkable.

Whether it is distance learning for rural

communities and schools, retail network

communication systems, or delivery of “always

on” high speed Internet to small and medium-

sized businesses and homes, IPSTAR Broadband

Satellite can play a key role in empowering

universal access to broadband Internet.

The key benefits of the IPSTAR system are its

ability to provide an immediately available,

high-capacity ground network with affordable

bandwidth and satellite end user terminals.

The system allows for rapid deployment and

flexible service locations anywhere, any time

under its extensive footprint.

Since the launch of the satellite in August

2005, IPSTAR Broadband Satellite has become

synonymous with cost-effective broadband

services and solutions, aimed at helping the

community at large, especially where there is

a lack of landlines and telecom infrastructure

able to support broadband technology.

The satellite’s massive 45 Gbps of aggregate

bandwidth capacity—far higher than

conventional satellites—satisfies the enormous

demand for broadband Internet for millions of

users: consumers, corporate customers,

service providers and telecom operators alike.

> Enter the world of IPSTAR Broadband

Solutions

THAICOM has steadily extended and diversified

the resources it allocates for broadband

applications to capture growth opportunities in

the region’s emerging broadband markets,

including Australia, New Zealand, China, India,

Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and

Thailand.

2

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“IPSTAR’s rationale is at

the heart of broadband access for

everyone, meeting the challenge

of removing distance barriers and

assisting underserved areas in the

Asia-Pacific region with cost-

effective broadband satellite

services—with quality of service

that is second to none.”

www.ipstar.com

Dr. Dumrong Kasemset

THAICOM Chairman and CEO

IPSTAR EMPOWERING ASIA-PACIFIC

Whether it is distance learning for rural

communities and schools, retail network

communication systems, or delivery of “always

on” high speed Internet to small and medium-

sized businesses, IPSTAR Broadband Satellite

can play a key role in empowering universal

access to broadband Internet.

In parallel to supplying service providers with

bandwidth and reach, IPSTAR has developed

proprietary on-ground infrastructure and

expertise to provide one-stop shop broadband

solutions in close collaboration with our

partner network of System Integrators and

Service Providers. This enables government

agencies, local communities and businesses to

benefit from the same level of broadband

connectivity as users connected to terrestrial

networks in urban areas.

IPSTAR combines dynamic bandwidth

allocation technology, highly secure network

connectivity, and the highest bit rates in the

industry into a preferred data connectivity

platform for civilian and military land- and

offshore-based communications.

3

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The breadth of IPSTAR’s

geographical reach, with up to ten

million subscribers, positions

IPSTAR as a preferred gateway into

14 countries across the Asia-Pacific

region, resulting in strategic

advantages over other broadband

satellites and setting the pace for

innovation in the industry.

IPSTAR’s ground-breaking in-orbit system

design involves high performance two-way

shaped and spot beams in combination with

multi-band frequency reuse and air interface,

including the first commercial deployment of

advanced Adaptive Coding and Modulation

(ACM) on outbound and inbound links.

>> IPSTAR Coverage

4

> Positioned to

satisfy Asia-Pacific's

broadband needs

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119.50 East

orbital slot

84spot beams

45Gbps of aggregate bandwidth capacity

2-wayshaped and spot beams

7regional broadcast beams

3shaped beams

18gateways in

14countries www.ipstar.com

IPSTAR EMPOWERING ASIA-PACIFIC

Spot Beams

Shaped Beams

Broadcast Beams

5

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We are in business to make your

business work—anywhere and any

time under IPSTAR’s extensive

footprint in Asia-Pacific to meet

your business communications

needs and to deliver your

competitive edge. IPSTAR

Enterprise Solutions support all

broadband communication needs

and our portfolio goes hand-in-

hand with today’s real-time

information flows, which is crucial

for any business.

> Fueling global enterprise broadband

growth

Whether you are an oil and gas producer

with operations on land and at sea, a large

retailer, an Internet Service Provider, or a

corporation with multiple locations spread

across Asia, IPSTAR answers all your

communication needs.

IPSTAR Enterprise Solutions provide highly

reliable, end-to-end communications with

guaranteed quality of service regardless of

the number of sites or geographic locations.

IPSTAR can be used for a variety of

applications such as intranet and Internet

access, voice services, connectivity to

suppliers, customers and franchisees, credit

card authorization and transactions,

inventory management, content delivery,

and video distribution.

> Why choose IPSTAR Enterprise Solutions?

Coverage

IPSTAR provides broadband service to virtually any location across Asia-Pacific and under the satellite’s extensive footprint.

Uniform Quality of Service (QoS)

IPSTAR guarantees consistent Quality of Service (QoS), regardless of location.

Fast

IPSTAR provides high speed connections of up to 4 Mbps Receive and 2 Mbps Transmit for business-critical applications.

Cost-effective

IPSTAR enables delivery of broadband Internet services at lower cost than conventional satellites.

Reliable

IPSTAR promises one of the industry’s highest link availability rates and cutting-edge network reliability.

Secure

The IPSTAR System’s inherent security advantage is based on small spot beam technology and proprietary coding which combine to guarantee high levels of network security with Cisco? IPSEC?.

Scalability

IPSTAR Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM) technology allows seamless increase of users and locations on a single reliable platform, with shared and customized bandwidth, and minimal bandwidth consumption.

Flexible

IPSTAR supports GRE Tunneling Protocol and multiple IP appl icat ions for data, vo ice and v ideo communications.

>> IPSTAR Enterprise Solutions

6

Digital Signage

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> IPSTAR Hybrid Solutions for effective

network backhaul and trunking

Whether it is backhaul and trunking services

for cellular phone operators, cutting-edge

CDMA for wireless last mile telephony, or

seamless enterprise-class Wi-Fi and WiMAX

wireless broadband access for remote

communities, IPSTAR Hybrid Solutions

provide for last mile broadband connectivity

in remote and rural communities.

For example, WiMAX/Wi-Fi and CDMA for

wireless last mile telephony are cost-

effective, powerful solutions for any

community lacking access to terrestrial line

infrastructure, while IPSTAR GSM 2G/3G

facilitates effective cellular phone and

cellular network trunking for instant

coverage in blind spot areas and wherever

connectivity is required.

IPSTAR has pioneered satellite link up

service in combination with WiMAX and Wi-

Fi networks for both voice and data. Intel’s

recent rural connectivity project in Tavan,

Vietnam, marks the first time in Southeast

Asia for link up service in combination with

www.ipstar.com

Australia’s URSYS Uses IPSTAR for Oil Rig Communications

In conjunction with specialist contractors

and Marine Navaid Systems,the SeaTel

distributor based out of Sydney, URSYS won

the contract to supply and install a 1.2M

SeaTel stabilized VSAT platform onto an oil

exploration rig currently exploring for oil

and gas off the east coast of New Zealand.

URSYS chose to use a space segment

provided by IPSTAR to directly link the

IPSTAR Auckland teleport to the rig and the

oil exploration company’s production office

on the mainland.

IPSTAR enables URSYS to provide four

extension phone lines back to the client’s

head office PBX and facilitates high speed

Internet data access for management

personnel on the rig.

“The spot beam coverage from IPSTAR is

excellent, allowing us to maintain 24/7

VoIP telephony support and unlimited

Internet data service to floating oil

platforms up to 250 kilometers off shore,”

said Grahame Cover, CEO, URSYS Pty. Ltd.

IPSTAR Broadband Satellite Solutions

a WiMAX network for both voice and data.

IPSTAR provided seamless and cost-effective

WiMAX wireless broadband access for the

village’s school, homes, medical center, and

small businesses.

IPSTAR Enterprise Solutions

for Large Enterprise Office & Banking

High Speed Internet / Corporate Intranet /

Video Conferencing / Voice over IP (VoIP)

for Telco/Mobile Phone Operators

GSM 2G/3G Trunking / Wi-Fi/WiMAX Hybrid

/ CDMA

for the Broadcast Industry

Satellite News Gathering (SNG)

for Retail Business

Credit Card Transaction / Digital Signage

7

Credit Card Transaction

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Our product and solution portfolio

is designed to meet the precise

needs of governments and

administrations across Asia-Pacific.

IPSTAR can play a key role in

modern communication

infrastructure, providing inroads

into cost-effective and flexible

government and public sector

communications.

>> IPSTAR Remote Community & Government Solutions

> Rural community broadband access

IPSTAR promotes the notion of sustainable

development through a multitude of powerful

broadband applications and services for rural

communities.

IPSTAR community broadband facilitates

indiv idual mult imedia access through

i n t e g r a t i o n o f I P S TA R w i t h o t h e r

communication technologies. For example,

Rural Telephony Backhaul, Voice over IP (VoIP)

and WiMAX are cost-effective, powerful

solutions for any community lacking terrestrial

infrastructure access.

Thailand’s Ministry of Education selected

IPSTAR broadband to provide Internet access

for more than 10,000 schools in the country. As

of September 2007, 11,915 IPSTAR terminals

had been deployed, providing high-speed

Internet access and Voice over IP (VoIP). In

addition, currently 7,000 communities in

Thailand use IPSTAR broadband services.

Cambodia Education Project

Sat-Ed is overcoming the digital divide in rural Thailand

With a passion for bringing better

education to remote areas in Thailand,

Sat-Ed Systems is delivering learning

cente r s i n ru ra l Tha i l and ca l l ed

'Classroom for Life', using the cutting

edge technology of the IPSTAR broadband

satellite. Aimed at providing life-long

learning for rural Thailand, this initiative

is providing access to educational content

in remote rural areas beyond the reach of

terrestrial telephone networks. The

'Classroom for Life' provides email, e-

commerce, video conferencing, and video

on demand.

"Without IPSTAR, Sat-Ed could not provide

the essential business model for rural

areas. While traditional VSAT solutions

are too expensive, IPSTAR allows us to

provide our services at prices affordable

to rural communities and our business

model of self-sustaining ICT Centers",

according to John Hawker, CEO, Sat-Ed

Systems Co., Ltd.

Information and education are crucial

cornerstones for higher standards of living and

competitiveness. At the same time, a

widespread secure broadband infrastructure is

essential for the development and delivery of

services and applications to governments and

the public sector, such as e-Medicine, e-

Government, and Distance Learning—making

broadband indispensable for sustained

economic growth and improved quality of life.

A great number of administrations in Asia-

Pacific utilize IPSTAR for various purposes:

To connect remote sites to a central site or

to interconnect several sites

To back up critical terrestrial connections,

e.g. in Disaster Management

To reach remote sites on borders, on coasts,

in forests, or in deserts

8

John Hawker, CEO, Sat-Ed Systems

Co., Ltd.,Thailand

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www.ipstar.com

> Broadband solutions for a world without digital divide

Government / Administration / Public Sector

Interactive Distance Learning

E-Government

E-Medicine

Embassy Networks

Emergency Communications & Disaster Recovery

Homeland Security & Public Safety

WiMAX with IPSTAR Backhaul Links Remote

Community in Vietnam to the World

Intel and several of its partners teamed up on a

last mile initiative that combines WiMAX and

satellite to provide a remote community in

northern Vietnam with cost-effective broadband

connectivity.

Located in the highland area of Ta Van village, the

WiMAX via IPSTAR satellite enabled network has

been deployed in cooperation and support with

service provider Vietnam Data Communication

Company (VDC), the United States Agency for

International Development (USAID), and IPSTAR.

The Intel/IPSTAR WiMAX Solution provides robust

broadband Internet and cost effective VoIP,

delivering service to the village’s medical clinic,

school, guesthouses as well as residential homes.

“The IPSTAR platform is very effective for

backhaul of WiMAX networks and can provide

broadband connectivity anywhere at reasonable

cost, thus bringing Internet access and VoIP to

rural communities with educational and economic

benefits. The scalability and adaptability of the

solution was critical, as it would mean that it

could be adopted in other regions of Vietnam as

well as in neighboring countries”, said project

coordinator Dr. Bernd Nordhausen, Solutions

Architect, Intel Corporation.

IPSTAR Broadband Satellite Solutions

9

Dr. Bernd Nordhausen Senior Solutions Architect,

Intel

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Whether your customers operate

from a small home office and want

to connect to the global

marketplace, or want to enjoy

state-of-the-art High Definition TV,

“always on” two-way broadband

via the IPSTAR Satellite is for

everyone across Asia-Pacific,

especially where terrestrial

infrastructure is unavailable or

limited.

For consumers the Internet is evolving beyond

e-mails, and broadband connectivity is

becoming an implicit “way of life” for

downloading music and videos, or reaping the

benefits of distance learning. This ever-

growing volume of rich media brings with it

the need to deliver higher bit rates and

universal broadband Internet access in even

the remotest areas of the region.

Previously isolated communities can now enjoy

the same levels of Internet access (at typical

ADSL and ISDN speeds) that is standard in

metropolitan areas—all that is required is an

IPSTAR User Terminal (antenna system and

satellite terminal), which directly connects to

the computer.

>> IPSTAR Consumer Solutions

> Why choose IPSTAR Consumer Solutions?

Reach

IPSTAR enables anywhere, any time high speed

Internet access.

Affordable

The most affordable broadband solution via

satellite. The IPSTAR System ensures relatively

low cost, high speed Internet using Ku-band

spot and shaped beam technology.

Convenient

IPSTAR can be quickly installed, is easy to use,

and offers the convenience of one bill for

broadband data, video, and voice services.

Fast

IPSTAR p rov ides two-way h i gh speed

performance comparable to ADSL with up to 4

Mbps Transmit and 2 Mbps Receive data rates.*

Reliable

IPSTAR Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM)

technology is the world’s most advanced,

preventing outages even under most severe

weather conditions.

of consumer broadband experience > 3600

* Subject to service plan and satellite terminal used.

10

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www.ipstar.com

Home / Multi Dwelling Units (MDU) / SME / SOHO

Broadband Internet

High Definition TV

Video-on-Demand (VoD)

Voice over IP (VoIP)

Activ8me consumer broadband for Australia

Activ8me is brought to regional Australia

by Australian Private Networks Pty Ltd

(APN), a fully licensed telecommunica-

tions carrier and registered satellite

broadband provider under the Australian

government's Australian Broadband

Guarantee Program. The Company

provides broadband service via IPSTAR to

the country's rural communities and ADSL

blind spot areas, with service prices

comparable to metropol i tan ADSL

services.

"Whether business owners lack ADSL

broadband connectivity or residential

users simply want to replace their slow

dial-up connections with high-speed

Internet at affordable prices, with its

first-rate high link availability, next

generation IPSTAR is a proven broadband

solution for us, providing reliable services

that regional Australians can depend on",

according to Ken Schubert, CEO, APN.

IPSTAR Broadband Satellite Solutions

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Join our success and enter a

whole new world of

broadband satellite

opportunities

We are proud to introduce our new Product

Partner Program: IPSTAR neXus

The development and provision of effective

broadband solutions positions us as an

effective Partner backed by the experience of

a multi-cultural workforce and expertise of

leading developers and system integrators for

exploring new applications.

IPSTAR is essentially a telecommunications

platform that can integrate virtually any IP-

based product from third-party providers

under the satellite's extensive footprint in

Asia-Pacific, thus providing inroads into

synergies that can be derived from effective

product integration.

The key scenario to making this possible is to

combine the natural advantages of the

satellite with a robust IP-based product,

resulting in a winning solution and empowering

Partner Program affiliates to deliver their

products through a satellite platform that has

been tried and tested.

A trusted name and innovative partner in the

satellite industry for more than 15 years,

THAICOM launched IPSTAR-1 in August 2005.

With the revolutionary broadband satellite

system come new opportunities for potential

technology partners and system integrators to

facilitate the development of a seamless

satellite-enabled product that is custom-

tailored to meet the requirements of local

IPSTAR markets.

14countries

10

million users

20

times more powerful than conventional

satellite

>> IPSTAR neXus Partner Program

12

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> IPSTAR neXus Partner Program benefits

Extensive portfolio of broadband satellite

solutions

New market and business opportunities for

3rd party products

Expand into untapped markets and/or

market segments

Networking opportunities within a pool of

partners

Joint trade show and sales event

opportunities

Exhibit at our customer events and interact

directly with our customers

Training opportunities

Full engineering, technical and marketing

support

> Become an IPSTAR neXus Partner

Request a copy of our partner program kit

and e-mail us at [email protected].

Complete the IPSTAR Partner Program

application on our website and review

IPSTAR neXus guidelines on our new

Partner extranet.

www.ipstar.com/partner

www.ipstar.com

Voice over IP (VoIP)

Broadcast/Multicast

Video Conferencing

Community Networks (WiFi / WiMax)

Broadband Internet Access

Corporate extranet

Retail broadband

Credit card transaction

High speed polling

Mobile trunking & backhaul

Rural Telephony

Triple-Play / Multi-Play

Satellite News Gathering (SNG)

Mobile Trunking

IPSTAR Partnering Business Solutions

13

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IPSTAR has built success not

only on the reliability and

flexibility of our in-orbit

resource, but with its ground

system technology and

products as well. The iCONTM

satellite terminal, for example,

is true testimony to our

ongoing efforts to decrease the

size and cost of IPSTAR user

terminals, thereby setting

industry benchmarks.

IPSTAR is driven by a quest for excellence and

an ongoing commitment to innovation to

broaden the scope of satellite applications,

allowing us to develop and deliver effective

broadband satellite solutions.

In parallel with fostering a culture of

technological innovation to extend the scope

of satellite applications, we continue to pursue

our commitment to investing in the IPSTAR on-

ground infrastructure and system. In this

respect, our new IPSTAR Gateway System

faci l i tates highly eff ic ient bandwidth

utilization, promising one of the industry's

highest link availabilities and first-rate

network reliability.

> Continuous Technology Improvement: the

IPSTAR User Terminal

The IPSTAR User Terminal is a low-cost, two-

way, high performance system that works in

conjunction with the IPSTAR in-orbit resource

and the on-ground system. The air interface-

employing advanced waveforms on forward

and return channels-is optimized for overall

system efficiency.

The waveform for the forward channel is based

on TDM-OFDM technology that uti l izes

bandwidth and power more efficiently. The

forward channel is optimized to accommodate

multiple data rates, a variable number of users

of different modulation formats, and forward

error correction coding. The return channel is

based on MF-TDMA technology for bursty

traffic and dedicated allocation for high

bandwidth applications.

The waveform is fixed to a more robust

modulation to ensure link availability at low

transmission power. For higher transmission bit

rates the return channel can be configured for

dedicated bandwidth allocation, behaving as

an SCPC-like (pre-assigned TDMA) channel that

can support higher transmit data rates of up to

2 Mbps.

> Proprietary On-Ground Technology: Dynamic

Link and Bandwidth Management

Because satellite links will always have less

theoretical bandwidth than optical fiber links,

efficient bandwidth management technology is

required to maintain the competitiveness of

broadband satellite systems.

A network control center is used to allocate

bandwidth capacity to each connection

according to current traffic characteristics,

network congestion, link conditions and user

requirements. This technology adjusts

bandwidth dynamically (modulation and

coding) to accomodate changes in weather

conditions, thus maintaining very high link

availability.

IPSTAR's modulation and coding technology

guarantees efficient use of radio frequency

bandwidth, which allows for high and flexible

digital transmission rates, thus enabling the

use of small Ku-band antenna systems suitable

for home and corporate use. The modulation

and coding (link parameters) can be adjusted

dynamically to optimize the trade-off between

bit rate and sudden changes in weather

conditions.

>> IPSTAR On-Ground Product / Technology

Innovative product solutions for tomorrow's broadband applications

14

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www.ipstar.com

EnterpriseSeries

Antenna dish84 cm

maXX-1IPSTAR TCP-A Accelerator

IPSTAR Broadband Satellite Solutions

High-performance, two-way connectivity for

easy broadband Internet access that comes

in a unique form factor-ideal for small

businesses and home users.

iCON

15

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THAICOM Public Company Limited

Liaison Office

410, Mercantile House,

15 Kasturba Gandhi Marg,

New Delhi, 110 001 INDIA

Tel: +91 11 4151 0909

Fax: +91 11 4151 0099

Email: [email protected].

THAICOM Public Company Limited

Beijing Representative Office

Room 18C1, Building A, No. 2,

Golden Resources Business Center,

Landianchang East Road, Haidian district,

Beijing 100097 P.R.CHINA

Tel: 8610-6212-3271-2 Fax: 8610-6212-3270

Email: [email protected]

www.ipstarchina.com

IPSTAR Australia Pty.Ltd.

Building A, Level 3, Suite 3.1,

64 Talavera Road, North Ryde

NSW 2113 AUSTRALIA

Tel: +61 (0) 2 8875 4300,

Fax: +61 (0) 2 8875 4399

Email: [email protected]

www.ipstar.com.au

THAICOM Public Company Limited

Hanoi Office, Vietnam

Flr.5, HRS Building, 4A Lang Ha Str.

Ba Dinh Dist., Hanoi, Vietnam

Tel: (+84) 4 7 724 600 ext.105

Fax: (+84) 7 7 724 601 ext 108

www.thaicom.net, www.ipstar.com

THAICOM Public Company Limited / IPSTAR Company Limited

41/103 Rattanathibet Road, Nonthaburi 11000, THAILAND Tel: (66) 2591-0736 to 49 Fax: (66) 2591-0706, (66) 2591-0719

Email: [email protected] www.thaicom.net, www.ipstar.com

IPSTAR New Zealand Limited

Level 1, 706 Great South Road,

Penrose Auckland, NEW ZEALAND

PO Box 12776 Penrose,

Auckland 1135 NEW ZEALAND

Tel. +64 9 525 1706

Fax. +64 9 525 1702

Email: [email protected]

www.ipstar.co.nz

Whilst the above information has been prepared in good faith, and all reasonable efforts have been made to ensure its accuracy, THAICOM makes no warranty or representation as to the accuracy, completeness or fitness for purpose or use of

the information. THAICOM shall not be liable for any loss or damage of any kind, including indirect or consequential loss, arising from use of the information and all warranties and conditions, whether express or implied by statute, common law

or otherwise, are hereby excluded to the extent permitted by English law. IPSTAR is a trademark of THAICOM Public Company Limited. The trademark is licensed to THAICOM Public Company Limited. (C) THAICOM Public Company Limited 2008.

All rights reserved.

>> About THAICOM (Formely Shin Satellite)

THAICOM, Asia's leading commercial satellite operator, has been

developing, building and operating satellite networks since 1991.

Through our commitment to innovation, we continue to introduce

new technologies that redefine the standard for the industry. Our

customers include incumbent telcos, corporations and governments

across the world, and our name is synonymous with reliable, secure

satellite communications.

With the introduction of IPSTAR, THAICOM has established a new era

in IP-based satellite communications.