Ippc defence acquisition_researchorg_2014_v.0.1

Defense management

research capacities and topics:

Blind spot defense acquisition management?

Christian von Deimling, Andreas H. Glas and Michael Essig

Bundeswehr University Munich

International Public Procurement Conference 2014

Track 3: Defense Procurement

August, 14th 2014

We would like to present and discuss the following topics with you…

2

Agenda.

(1) RQs & Framework.

(2) Methodology.

(3) Sample.

(4) Findings.

(5) Limitations & Further research.

This research is based on two research questions addressing the

research landscape in Europe.

3

Research Questions.

Research Questions

Research initiated as literature on defense

management and defense acquisition

management seems to be scarce in peer-

reviewed academic journals.

(1) What is the institutional status quo of

defense management research?

(1) Which defense acquisition topics are

addressed by that research?

Expected contribution

Uncovers research organizations in the

field of defense science.

Provides list of identified research

organizations and hence can be seen as a

„market overview“ of applied science

research.

Maps research organizations identified

against topics covered.

Reveals topics which are handled less

frequently.

Consideres limitations and further

requirements to enhance and saveguard

(preliminary) findings.

Helps researchers to quickly gain overview

on existing applied science research.

Basis for the analysis of defense management and procurement

research is the reduced-form model provided by Lynn et al. 2000.

4

Analytical Framework.

Framework

Expected value of framework

Model provides insights into how public

sector regimes, agencies, programs, etc.

can be organized and managed to achieve

public purposes.

Fairly simple and broad entry point into

topic as underlying logic is included a priori in

any particular model of governance and

public management.

Provides a ‚toolbox‘, which can be

transferred to defense context and which

helps to categorize findings.

Additional categories and more detail can

be indroduced gradually before or during

research process.

Through observations from literature an expanded framework for

defense acquisition management has been developed.

5

Analytical Framework (expanded).

Analytical Framework (expanded, intermediate steps not presented here)

Contextual factors

Exogenous

International Agreements &

defence policies.

National political structures

& monitoring authorities.

Performance of economy &

budget constraints.

Market structure & degree

of competition.

Available technology &

technology dynamism.

Threat scenarios.

Endogenous

Own resource situation.

Internal relations.

Corporate culture.

Stakeholders

Government officials.

Political parties.

Lobby groups.

Structure

Formal

Organization.

Standards.

Contracts.

Informal

Norms.

Values.

Behaviour.

Info. Sharing.

Managerial roles and actions

Leadership capacities.

Sanctions.

Incentives.

Processes (gen.)

Planning and

Programming.

Organizational

mobilization

and staffing.

Directing and

Leading.

Monitoring and

Controling.

Output

Effective and efficient

procurement of military goods

and services (provision of

high quality military and

operational capabilities in a

timely manner against set

objectives and against the

needs of the end user

according to economic

principles).

Perspective of the Defense Acquisition Agency

Functional process & improvement of

acquisition: design, engineering, test and

evaluation, production, inspection,

operation, support, disposal of the military

system or termination of service contract.


6

Agenda.


(2) Methodology.

(3) Sample.

(4) Findings.


The study has been conducted in five phases: searching, screening,

extraction, synthesis and reporting.

7

Applied Methodology.

Resu

lts

List of applied

science

research

institutes (xlsx).

Summative list

of research

topics and

themes per

institute.

Findings

categorized

according to

analytical

framework.

Report on

findings.

Related terms

and synonyms

for „research

organizations“,

„defense“,

„acquisition/proc

urement“.

Web-based

search to identify

research

institutes.

Defense

procurement

agencies

excluded.

Collecting &

Assessing

research

institutes

descriptions.

Collecting &

Assessing

research topics

and themes.

Cluster and

categorize

summative

findings

according to

analytical

framework.

Reporting results

and findings.

Searching Screening Extraction Synthesis Reporting

Structured list of

keywords and

combination of

keywords.

To

ols

1 2 3 4 5


8

Agenda.


(2) Methodology.

(3) Sample.

(4) Findings.


Out of the 56 initially identified research institutes 29 covered defense

management and out of those 13 covered defense acqui. themes.

9

Sample.

Sample Scope / Constrains

(1) Search with keywords focused on title and

relevance of search results returned by

search enginge (first 5 pages examined).

(2) Collection and examination of themes

covered. Clear focus on defense

management and defense acquisition /

procurement required.

(3) Search limited to research institutes with a

clear content-based focus on the European

Union.

(4) Examination of research institutes covering

defense acquisition topics.

Research organizations not providing english

language content are excluded.

56 research

institutes

41research

institutes

29 research

institutes

13 research

institutes

Analysis

1

2

3

4

5

Filter

Filter

Filter

Reporting

Most of the 29 research institutes covering defense management and

defense acquisition topics are located in GER, UK, and the US.

10

Sample (by geography).

Sample (by geography)

3% 3% 3%

3% 3%

3%

3%

2 (7%)

3 (10%)

4 (14%)

5 (17%)

8 (28%)

Netherlands

Austria

Italy

Norway

Belgium

Spain

Switzerland

Sweden

France

United States of America

United Kingdom

Germany

Observations

High number of German and UK-based

institutes observed (reflects prioritization of

defense matters across EU, but is also

biased by use of german and english

keywords)

Institutes from France, Spain and Italy could

(partly) not be assessed to limited language

offerings. Hence they are not included in

sample.

US-based institutes also included as they

closely examine European defense matters

and as they have dedicated research

branches for Europe (e.g. RAND).

Out of the 29 research institutions 13 are dealing with defense

acquisition or defense procurement topics.

11

Sample (by number of topics covered).

Sample (by number of topics covered) Observations

Among top 4 resarch institutions (according

to number of topics covered) only one is

located in Europe (Center for Defense

Acquisition based in UK).

Center of gravity for research on defense

acquisition is located in the US.

Institutes are often examining European

defense acquisition challenges and also bring

in a transatlantic defense acquisition point of

view.

15%

8%

8%

85%

92%

8%

8%

0%

ISPK

CDS 92%

AIES

RUSI 23% 77%

NOTRE EU. 23% 77%

SWP 31% 69%

FRIDE 31% 69%

CSS 31% 69%

ISS 38% 62%

CSIS 69% 31%

CfDA 92%

CCMR 92%

RAND 100%

Number of topics not covered

Number of topics covered

The 13 research institutions dealing with defense acquisition or

defense procurement topics covered a broad spectrum of themes.

12

Sample (by topics covered).

Sample (by topics covered, double entries

possible)

Observations

The 13 different research institutions covered

a broad spectrum of defense acquisition

topics.

Frequently adressed topics are centering

around defense & security policy issues

concerning defense acquisiton (Political

requirements to ease or facilitate

procurement) or on Armaments Cooperation

or on developments in Defense Spending.

Less frequently adressed topics are

considerations on management strategy

implications , organization and processes in

defense acquisition management.

5

3

7

1

3

4

4

4

6

7

8

Armaments Acquisition Coop. 10

Defense &Security Policy (Proc.) 10

Defense Acquisition Mgmt.

Process

Strategy

Organization

Procurement Rules / Directives

Private Sector Participation

Defense Spending / Investment

Defense Contrating

Defense Equipment Programs

Defense Equipment Market

Defense Capabilities

Number of research institutions covering the theme

The 13 research institutions dealing with defense acquisition or

defense procurement topics covered a broad spectrum of themes.

13

Sample (in full detail). N

um

ber

Inst

itu

te

Focu

s on

defe

nse

procu

rem

en

t

(EU

)

Defe

nse

an

d s

ecu

rit

y p

oli

cy

(p

roc.)

Defe

nse

ca

pa

bil

itie

s

Defe

nse

eq

uip

men

t m

ark

et

Defe

nse

eq

uip

men

t p

rog

ra

ms

Arm

am

en

ts a

cq

uis

itio

n c

oop

.

Defe

nse

sp

en

din

g/i

nv

est

men

t

Defe

nse

acq

uis

itio

n m

an

ag

em

en

t

Defe

nse

con

tra

cti

ng

Procu

rem

en

t ru

les/

dir

ecti

ves

Priv

ate

secto

r p

arti

cip

ati

on

Org

an

iza

tio

n

Process

Str

ate

gy

Sum 10 7 7 6 10 8 4 5 4 1 3 3 4

01 AIES 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

02 CCMR 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1

03 CDS 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

04 CfDA 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1

05 CSIS 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0

06 CSS 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

07 FRIDE 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

08 ISPK 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

09 ISS 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

10 NOTRE EU. 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

11 RAND 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

12 RUSI 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

13 SWP 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


14

Agenda.


(2) Methodology.

(3) Sample.

(4) Findings.


Through observations from literature an expanded framework for

defense acquisition management has been developed.

15

Analytical Framework (expanded).

Analytical Framework (expanded, intermediate steps not presented here)

Structure

Formal

Organization.

Standards.

Contracts.

Informal

Norms.

Values.

Behaviour.

Info. Sharing.

Managerial roles and actions

Leadership capacities.

Sanctions.

Incentives.

Processes (gen.)

Planning and

Programming.

Organizational

mobilization

and staffing.

Directing and

Leading.

Monitoring and

Controling.

Output

Effective and efficient

procurement of military goods

and services (provision of high

quality military and

operational capabilities in a

timely manner against set

objectives and against the

needs of the end user

according to economic

principles).

Perspective of the Defense Acquisition Agency

Functional process & improvements of

acquisition: design, engineering, test and evaluation,

production, inspection, operation, support, disposal of

the military system or termination of service contract.

n Topic identified in search process 0 Topic not identified in search process and not covered by research organizations.

0

Contextual factors

Exogenous

International Agreements &

defence policies.

National political structures

& monitoring authorities.

Performance of economy &

budget constraints.

Market structure & degree

of competition.

Available technology &

technology dynamism.

Threat scenarios.

Endogenous

Own resource situation.

Internal relations.

Corporate culture.

Stakeholders

Government officials.

Political parties.

Lobby groups.

10

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

10

8

7

0

3

1

5

0

0

0

4

10

0

7

22

9

0

0

0

0

0

1

22

8

10

12

DA=Topic identified in Defense Acquisition research DM=Topic identified in Defense Management research (if shared)

n=number of research organizations exploring the topic

DA DM

9

DA DM

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

DA DM DA DM

DA DM

DA DM


16

Agenda.


(2) Methodology.

(3) Sample.

(4) Findings.


Elaborations on the paper‘s limitations can be structured into four

primary topics: Framework, Methodology, Sample and Findings.

17

Limitations & Further Research.

Limitations

(1) Framework: Utilization of the reduced model

proposed by Lynn, Heinrich and Hill (2000).

Fairly simple, conceptual point of view.

(2) Methodology: Structured Literature Review

conducted. Room for subjective bias in

examining topics and defense research

areas.

(3) Sample: Web-Based Analysis is subject to

change and repeatability cannot be

guranteed. Scope is limited to research

institutes in Europe.

(4) Findings: In depth-analysis of publications

provided by research institutes not

conducted.

Further Research & Improvements

(1) Framework: Enhance validity, reliablity and

generalizeablity by employing multi-theory

point of view proposed by Cornelissen and

Durand (2014). Insights: DC, TCE, SCT.

(2) Methodology: Reduce subjective bias

through coding through other authors and

employ a structured questionnaire to

reasearch institutes.

(3) Sample: Evidence-based research as

proposed by Rousseach and Manning

(2008), Extend Scope to other geographic

areas, Employ reference on research think

tanks as provided by Mcgann (2014).

(4) Findings: Conduct in depth-analysis.

Compare results with research in academic

journals,

Let‘s open the floor for questions or comments…

18

Discussion.

Prof. Dr. Michael Essig Fakultät für Wirtschafts- und

Organisationswissenschaften

Lehrstuhl für Materialwirtschaft und Distribution

Lehrstuhlinhaber

Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39

85577 Neubiberg

Telefon +49 89 6004 4220

Telefax +49 89 6004 4222

Mobil +49 178 377 4483

[email protected]

Dipl.- Kfm. Andreas Glas Fakultät für Wirtschafts- und



Projektkoordinator


85577 Neubiberg

Telefon +49 89 6004 3790

Telefax +49 89 6004 4222

Mobil +49 151 25274290

[email protected]

Dipl.- Kfm. Christian von Deimling Fakultät für Wirtschafts- und



Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter


85577 Neubiberg

Telefon +49 89 6004 4246

Telefax +49 89 6004 4222

Mobil +49 176 24894400

[email protected]

Corresponding authors.

In case of any further questions or comments, please do not hesitate

to contact us by phone or email.

Ippc defence acquisition_researchorg_2014_v.0.1

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