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IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management
Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)
1
IPMA ITALY Journal of
Applied Project
Management
Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)
ISSN
24
21-5
902
IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management
Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)
1
Direttore Scientifico
Antonio Calabrese
International Advisory
Board
Morten Fangel, Stacy
Goff, Erik Mansson, Jesus
Martinez Almela, Ding
Ronggui, Bill Young
Comitato Editoriale
Laura Agostini, Paolo
Boccardelli, Antonio
Calabrese, Franco
Concari, Antonio Fioretti,
Pierino Gauna, Aldo
Gebbia, Giancarlo
Montanari, Roberto Mori,
Maria Elena Nenni,
Giuseppe Pugliese,
Marco Sampietro,
Giancarlo Scotti, Sandro
Severoni, Luca Tonello
Segreteria di redazione
Irina Bolognesi
IPMA ITALY Journal of
Applied Project
Management è la rivista
on-line di IPMA Italy
c/o ANIMP
Via Tazzoli, 6
20154 Milano
Tel. +39 0267100740
Fax +39 0267071785
Email [email protected]
www.ipma.it
www.ipma.world
www.animp.it
2015 IPMA Italy
All rights reserved
ISSN 2421-5902
SOMMARIO
Editoriale 2
Notizie dal mondo IPMA 4
Perspective, practice and People Expectations
in projects Closures (Panama Canal Third Set of
locks Construction Project)
José E. Reyes 10
Project Risk and Quality Management: Siamese
twins processes
Stefano Caponi, Paolo Cecchini, Piero Mancino 16
“Make or Buy” non è solo una scelta nel fabbricare
ma anche nell’organizzare un progetto.
Giancarlo Montanari 22
Few moments of unnatural silence
Roberto Mori 27
APM: Enhancing the industry through the sharing
of good practice and effective dissemination of
knowledge
Nick Johns 32
IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management
Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)
2
Brexit e Project Management
La decisione del Regno Unito di uscire
dall’Unione Europea è di indubbia
rilevanza storica e dal punto di vista
politico, economico e sociale sono
state proposte numerose discussioni e
analisi. Dal punto di vista del project
management, però, fino a oggi Brexit
è stata affrontata sottolineandone la
complessità derivante dalle numerose
attività e decisioni che dovranno
essere prese in un orizzonte temporale
abbastanza ristretto. Senza volersi
schierare pro o contro Brexit, riteniamo
interessante analizzare alcuni aspetti
inerenti il “progetto” Brexit. Facendo
un paragone con il mondo delle
aziende, Brexit può essere paragonata
a una commessa dove un prodotto o
un servizio deve essere realizzato ad-
hoc per un cliente. Vi è quindi una
fase di vendita dove il progetto viene
presentato al cliente al fine di
convincerlo circa la sua bontà. In
caso di vendita con esito positivo, si
giunge alla firma del contratto. Molto
spesso, chi sarà incaricato della
realizzazione del progetto è un’unità
organizzativa differente rispetto a chi
l’ha venduto. Naturalmente, una
buona prassi sarebbe vendere
progetti effettivamente realizzabili.
Non è un caso che in progetti
complessi, la fase di vendita viene
accompagnata anche da studi di
fattibilità, piani, simulazioni. Un’altra
buona prassi è che, nonostante il
cambio di responsabilità operativa, lo
sponsor di progetto rimanga lo stesso
o comunque vi siano figure che
garantiscano la coerenza tra le fasi di
vendita e quelle realizzative.
Analizziamo quindi la fase di vendita
del progetto Brexit. Su questo fronte,
uno dei messaggi forti a supporto del
Leave è stato che UK invierebbe all’EU
circa 350 milioni di sterline a settimana
e, in caso di uscita dall’UE, questi fondi
saranno destinati al sistema sanitario
pubblico (NHS). Ciò ha portato allo
slogan “We send the EU £350 million a
week. Let’s fund our NHS instead”.
Dal punto di vista del project
management quello appena
enunciato è un requisito che poi dovrà
essere implementato nel progetto. Dai
sondaggi è anche emerso come
questo messaggio avesse molto
colpito l’opinione pubblica in quanto
l’NHS, a causa delle recenti spendig
review, non riesce a raggiungere i
livelli di assistenza sanitaria attesi dai
cittadini. Sempre in logica di project
management, potremmo tradurre il
messaggio pro leave come un
requisito di tipo “Must have”, un
requisito quindi essenziale. Il requisito si
è però mostrato non corretto (i 350
milioni di sterline non tengono in
considerazione di quanto incassato
dall’EU e alcune analisi riportano un
dato approssimato reale di circa 120
milioni di sterline). In aggiunta, il
requisito è stato tolto dalla stessa lista
dei requisiti in quanto gli stessi
proponenti hanno successivamente
commentato che in realtà si trattava
di uno slogan che serviva solo per
sensibilizzare sul fatto che molti soldi
destinati all’EU potevano essere
utilizzati in modo differente, da non
intendersi quindi come vincolante.
Sul fronte studi di fattibilità, piani,
simulazioni etc. (lungi da noi valutare
la fattibilità del progetto Brexit), quello
Editoriale
IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management
Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)
3
che ha stupido molte persone è che
alla domanda “Where’s the plan?
Can we see the Brexit plan now?” un
supporter politico dei Leave abbia
risposto “There is no plan. The Leave
campaign does not have a post-Brexit
plan…Number 10 (David Cameron,
ndr) should have had a plan”.
Infine, molti si sono stupiti del fatto che
alcuni importanti esponenti pro-leave
abbiano rassegnato le dimissioni subito
dopo la vincita del referendum. Come
detto precedentemente, questo fatto
potrebbe essere semplicemente letto
come passaggio di consegne, e
quindi non per forza in modo
negativo, a patto però che la
sponsorship del progetto e
l’integrazione tra il pre e il post Brexit
non vengano meno.
Caro lettore, tu come interpreti Brexit
dal punto di vista del Project
Management? Hai altri spunti da
proporre? Se sì scrivimi pure a
Marco Sampietro
Membro del Comitato Direttivo
IPMA Italy
IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management
Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)
4
Call for Application to the IPMA Social
Projects Achievement Awards 2016.
Achievements in social project
management are recognized in two
categories:
Internationally Funded
Humanitarian Projects and
Community Service/Development
Projects.
These non-profit projects
may be of any size or
value, from either the
public or private
sector. A winning project
will be one that
demonstrates,
through narratives and documentary
evidence, excellence and/or
innovation in the application of
project management.
Apply to get:
international recognition of your
achievements;
the possibility to learn more and
execute better projects in the
future;
the opportunity for sharing
experiences and to networking.
Which steps do you need to take:
submit your application free of
charge;
present your achievements to the
international panel of judges
prepare yourself to participate in
the IPMA Conference in Warsaw on
17-18 November 2016, where the
winners will be announced;
participate in the Award Gala
in Warsaw on 17 November
2016
Application deadline: 15 August 2016
For more information www.ipma.world
Reykjavik, 15-16 September 2016
Project Management and
Sustainability
The theme of the 4th IPMA research
conference, held in Reykjavik in
September 2016
We are a generation with great
responsibility. No previous generation
has had a greater environmental
impact and you, dear reader, leave a
far greater carbon footprint on this
earth than your parents or
grandparents did. We are standing on
crossroads and there is a general
understanding that something needs
to be done right
now. According
to the Paris
convention in
2015 we need to
change our
habits, reduce our negative impact,
become much more conscious about
the consequences of our actions and
life style and do whatever it takes to
make sure that the coming
generations will be able to live and
prosper in this world.
Project management is the vehicle for
change and will thus be an important
instrument in the changes that must
take place in the coming years.
Notizie dal mondo IPMA
IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management
Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)
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Even more importantly, there is a
huge potential to integrate
sustainable thinking in project
management, by understanding the
way projects and their management
interact with the environment and
figuring out how negative impact can
be minimized.
The 4th IPMA research conference will
evolve around the theme “Project
management and sustainability.” The
conference will be held in Reykjavik,
Iceland in September 14-16 2016 and
we have just launched a web page
for the conference where our
objectives and conference structure
are presented, with all necessary
practical information.
We are hopeful that a group of
enthusiastic international practitioners
and scholars will summon in Reykjavik
for the conference for intensive
discussions about these important
questions, and hopefully produce
some interesting outcomes that will be
useful for project management as a
discipline in the coming years.
Please visit our conference web
page http://ipmaresearch2016.com/
The number of participants in the
Research Conference will be limited
to 60 participants.
Certificazione IPMA
Vi ricordiamo di consultare sempre il
nostro sito per conoscere le date
aggiornate dei workshop della
Certificazione IPMA, il calendario
delle sessioni d’esame e per scaricare
la Guida 2016 con tutte le
informazioni sulla procedura di
certificazione. Qui il link alla pagina
dove sono disponibili per il download i
moduli di iscrizione e i calendari.
I workshop sono incontri volti a fornire
informazioni sulla procedura degli
esami, sull’accertamento dei requisiti
di accesso ai vari livelli e, sul valore
che la Certificazione IPMA ricopre in
contesto nazionale e internazionale.
La partecipazione ai Workshop è
gratuita e consigliata a tutti coloro
che sono interessati a conseguire la
Certificazione IPMA o a ottenere
informazioni sul valore di credenziali
professionali, internazionalmente
riconosciute.
IPMA Italy Introductory
Certificate in Project
Management
Diverse Università hanno ormai
avviato corsi in project management
volti al conseguimento della
certificazione IPMA Italy Introductory
Level. Presso il Politecnico di Milano, il
14 giugno 2016 si è tenuta la
cerimonia di distribuzione degli
attestati della certificazione, a
conclusione del corso e della sessione
d’esame. Nell’occasione, è stato
organizzato da Young Crew Italy
l’incontro “Meet the PM” con ospite
Riccardo Fabbri, Project Manager di
Prysmian, per offrire agli studenti
l’opportunità di ascoltare il percorso
professionale di un giovane Project
Manager, le sue esperienze e le scelte
che lo hanno guidato nella sua
crescita.
Si è tenuta, inoltre, la Cerimonia di
Consegna degli Attestati della
Certificazione Introductory Level,
venerdì 15 luglio 2016 a Dalmine, in
collaborazione con la Scuola di
IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management
Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)
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Ingegneria dell’Università degli Studi
di Bergamo. Un momento di incontro
sul tema del project management a
cui hanno partecipato numerosi
studenti del Dipartimento di
Ingegneria Meccanica e Gestionale
che hanno ottenuto l’IPMA Italy
Introductory Certificate.
Si è conclusa con successo la 1°
edizione nazionale di PM
Championship
Nell’ambito dello
sviluppo di iniziative
rivolte ai giovani
studenti universitari, Young Crew Italy
ha organizzato quest’anno la prima
edizione della competition Project
Management Championship. Gli
studenti che hanno aderito
all’iniziativa, raggruppati in squadre,
provenivano da diversi atenei, tra cui:
Politecnico di Milano, Università di
Bergamo, Università di Brescia.
PM Championship è una
competizione strutturata
essenzialmente in due fasi:
1) Qualification Test: un test online
composto da 100 domande a
risposta multipla;
2) Finale “case study”: le prime sei
squadre classificate al
Qualification Test sono state
invitate a partecipare alla
finale, tenutasi presso il
Politecnico di Milano sabato 21
maggio. La finale prevedeva lo
svolgimento di un “case study”
e la successiva presentazione
dei risultati da parte di ciascuna
squadra in presenza di una
giuria.
Il case study scelto, “EXPO
Challenge”, ideato da Young Crew
Italy in collaborazione con Risorsa
Uomo, si presenta come un business
game che, per la sua natura
interattiva, ha permesso la
partecipazione attiva con un forte
coinvolgimento di tutti gli studenti
presenti.
Ogni squadra è stata chiamata
davanti alla giuria per spiegare come
ha svolto il proprio gioco e come ha
interagito con le altre squadre. A
termine delle presentazioni è stata
proclamata vincitrice la squadra di
Davide Maffi, Simon Masnada e
Manuel Mazzoleni dell’Università degli
Studi di Bergamo. A loro rivolgiamo i
nostri complimenti per aver
conseguito il primo titolo in Italia di PM
Champions.
Torino 16 giugno 2016
2° Forum Nazionale dei Giovani
Project Manager. “Le Sfide di un
giovane PM: come trasformare le
barriere in opportunità”.
La 2° Edizione del Forum Nazionale
dei Giovani Project
Manager si è tenuta
quest’anno a Torino e ha
affrontato il dibattito sul
tema “Le Sfide di un Giovane PM:
Come trasformare le barriere in
opportunità”.
Nell’ambito di una collaborazione in
essere da anni, l’evento è stato
ospitato dall’azienda Thales Alenia
Space Italia, a cui è rivolto un
particolare ringraziamento per
l’ospitalità e il supporto nel corso
dell’iniziativa.
IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management
Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)
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L’incontro si è aperto con i saluti e il
benvenuto da parte di Walter Cugno,
Direttore “Domain Exploration and
Science Italy di Thales Alenia Space
Italia, di Giuseppe Pugliese, Direttore
della Certificazione IPMA Italy e, a
seguire, di Ivan Calimani, Past
President di IPMA Young Crew Italy.
Walter Cugno ha proseguito con il suo
intervento dando inizio al dibattito.
Sono successivamente intervenuti, in
ordine: Riccardo Fabbri e Giacomo
Solbiati, rispettivamente Project
Manager e PMO di Prysmian;
Giancarlo Pairetti, Area Program
Manager ITT Friction; Angela Tessa,
Senior Program Manager, Military
Non-UE Initiatives per GE Avio Aero.
Si è cercato di condividere attraverso
le esperienze dei relatori e delle
persone presenti in sala quali sfide
può incontrare un giovane Project
Manager, soprattutto oggi che deve
scontrarsi con tempi di produzione
accelerati, un mercato in costante
evoluzione, una disponibilità di risorse
ridotte, trovando quindi sempre più
complicazioni.
È intervenuto inoltre, per il mondo
accademico, il Prof. Carlo Rafele,
Direttore Scuola Master e Formazione
Permanente del Politecnico di Torino,
che ha proclamato i vincitori del
concorso PM Championship 2016
Davide Maffi, Simon Masnada e
Manuel Mazzoleni consegnando loro
l’attestato di premiazione.
Il Forum è stato sostenuto da diverse
Università e Business School italiane,
tra cui: LUISS, MIP, MIBE (Master in
International Business and Economics
dell’Università degli Studi di Pavia)
Politecnico di Milano, Politecnico di
Torino, Università LIUC Carlo
Cattaneo, Università degli Studi di
Brescia, che ringraziamo per la
collaborazione.
L’evento è terminato con una tavola
rotonda, durante la quale sono
intervenuti, in ordine alfabetico: Paola
Giacomello, Lee Hecth Harrison,
Talent Development Solutions
Director; Fabrizio Marocco, Area
Proposal Comau; Francesco Trovò,
New Plant Construction Project
Manager per Magneti Marelli.
Non sono mancate le domande da
parte del pubblico che ha mostrato il
proprio interesse interagendo con i
relatori.
Alcuni degli atti dell’evento sono
disponibili sul sito ipma.it al seguente
link.
Teramo, 22 luglio 2016
Il Project Management negli Appalti
Pubblici
Segnaliamo che lo
scorso 22 luglio si è
tenuto presso
l'Università di Teramo
un seminario
dedicato al "Project
Management negli appalti pubblici",
organizzato dalla Commissione
Project Management dell'Ordine
degli Ingegneri della Provincia di
Teramo e da Antonio Ortenzi, titolare
della Cost Control di Teramo,
specializzata nella consulenza sul
controllo dei costi e sul controllo di
gestione nel settore Edile.
Hanno assistito circa cento persone,
molte delle quali nei ruoli di tecnici e
dirigenti delle pubbliche
amministrazioni della provincia di
Teramo, molto interessate all'evento
che ha presentato un focus sul Project
Management e sulla figura del RUP
IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management
Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)
8
(Responsabile Unico del
Procedimento), partendo dalla nuova
legge sui lavori pubblici (L. 50/2016) e
dalle determine ANAC.
L'evento è iniziato con l'introduzione
del Presidente dell'Ordine degli
Ingegneri di Teramo, Ing. Alfonso
Marcozzi, con alcune riflessioni sulla
figura dell'ingegnere e su come il suo
background culturale lo renda
naturalmente predisposto al Project
Management, e con l'intervento
dell'Ing. Annalisa Amadio,
coordinatrice della Commissione
organizzatrice dell'evento, che ha
dichiarato che "il livello di maturità
delle organizzazioni, soprattutto
pubbliche, non può dirsi ancora alto,
(e quindi) il cambiamento oggi
richiesto dalla normativa sugli appalti
nell'approccio alla gestione dei
progetti non potrà che essere
graduale". L'Ing. Amadio ha
proseguito dichiarando che "la
Commissione vuole porsi in questo
senso come organismo attivo nella
divulgazione e della diffusione del
Project Management".
Il seminario è proseguito con
l'intervento del rappresentante
dell'Osservatorio Regionale dei
contratti pubblici della Regione
Abruzzo (Daniele Pollice) che ha
esposto le procedure e il rapporto tra
Osservatorio e ANAC, gli obblighi
informativi che derivano, e le
peculiarità della Stazione Unica
Appaltante regionale.
Prima degli interventi dei tre relatori
"specialisti" della metodologia (IPMA,
PMI, UNI), l'intervento di Antonio
Ortenzi ha rivolto particolare
attenzione alla determina ANAC che
parla di Project Management,
evidenziando come sia possibile
controllare tempi, costi e rischi, non
tralasciando gli articoli della nuova
legge che rappresentano una vera
rivoluzione nel comparto dei lavori
pubblici, come il BIM (Building
Information Modeling) e la
qualificazione delle stazioni
appaltanti, volta a creare un
ambiente nel quale i RUP possano
operare.
L'aspetto metodologico del Project
Management, le competenze
necessarie e come queste possono
essere certificate, sono stati trattati
dagli specialisti intervenuti, delegati
dalle maggiori associazioni che
rappresentano in Italia il Project
Management: IPMA (Giovanni Pisano,
Assessor IPMA Italy - IPMA Level A
certified), PMI (Leonardo
Bonamoneta, PMP - Responsabile
della Commissione Edilizia e
Infrastrutture del PMI Rome Chapter)
e UNI (Pier Luigi Guida, coordinatore
tavolo tecnico UNI sulla norma del
Project Management).
L'evento si è concluso dopo
l'intervento dell'Ing. Mauro Pinna,
membro della Commissione
organizzatrice, che ha illustrato i
vantaggi concreti che possono
derivare per il RUP con l'utilizzo della
metodologia, e dopo numerose
domande da parte dei presenti a
conferma dell'interesse che hanno
stimolato i lavori del seminario.
Prima dei saluti e dei ringraziamenti
finali, la Commissione organizzatrice
ha annunciato di rendersi disponibile
ad instaurare una collaborazione per
un progetto pilota con una stazione
appaltante che vorrà avvicinarsi alla
metodologia in maniera virtuosa
seguendo le direttive ANAC.
IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management
Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)
9
Cinisello Balsamo, 28 Settembre 2016 presso UCIMU, Viale Fulvio testi 128
Il Ruolo del Project Manager nella
filiera dei “Sistemi per Produrre”
Programma e scheda di iscrizione
sono disponibili sul sito ipma.it.
Milano, 28 settembre 2016 @ Pacino Cafè, Piazza Bacone 2
YC Cocktail “Mission To Mars: Le sfide
dello spazio viste da un Project
Manager”
Per iscriversi e per maggiori
informazioni cliccare QUI
Milano, 7 Ottobre 2016 @ Hotel Crowne Plaza, Via K. Adenauer 3
San Donato Milanese (MI)
7° Convegno Nazionale IPMA Italy “La
Resilienza nella Gestione dei Progetti”
La locandina con il programma
preliminare, la scheda di iscrizione e
maggiori informazioni sono disponibili
al seguente link.
IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management
Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)
10
José. E.
Reyes
IPMA-B
Program Manager,
Third Set of Locks-
Atlantic
Panama Canal
Authority
Seven Years ago, we have before us a program that
affects the entire world. It was our responsibility to help
the Panama Canal Authority and the Republic of
Panama to deliver The Panama Canal Expansion
Program so that it meets the expectation of the Canal
stakeholders. We worked schedules and budget
constraints while at the same time enforce quality and
meeting our collective environmental and safety
requirements. But the most important challenge was the
opportunity to further upgrade our Project Management
skills and competence for personal satisfaction.
During these years, we have validated most of the
International Project Management Association (IPMA) as
key competence elements of success of any Project or
Program manager. I am sure the ICB3 46 competences
were tested during all project cycles and those in ICB4
can easily be identified in our project documentation.
This program had many setbacks and challenges, as
expected in a Mega Project, but our commitment to our
country and the understanding of good project
management practices, including those soft skills to
manage people and the awareness of contextual
impact, gave us the way to deliver the works on June 26,
2016.
The works were delivered, but the project is still running,
project closure is now underway and the challenges are
not less easy. As always, the project manager needs to
recognize that the project phase need to be managed
with the same effort that was done during construction
but with more collaborative approach since this final
effort will need the integration of the main user.
This document will describe those key activities that
should be taken into consideration when planning the
project closure in projects that includes commissioning
and takeover of the works before actually closing all
project work activities.
Perspective, Practice and
People Expectations in
Projects Closures (Panama Canal Third Set of Project
Construction Program)
IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management
Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)
11
Stakeholder’s Perspective of the
Project Closure Effort
A project closure causes necessarily
auditing of billings and the evaluation
of documentation by interested
parties; which will examine what has
been the course phase of the project,
what it is the margin benefits obtained;
how were the delegations of authority
and power managed; who took
decisions and their outcomes and
finally, conclusions will be drawn about
it.
Because of this final auditing process,
the project manager should, in order
to avoid ambiguity that can
propagate until the final acceptance
of the work, must properly identify
each individual project requirement
very clear before project starts and, if
possible, embodied in the project
contract or quality document
structure.
For the owner organization and its
stakeholders, the closure includes to
evaluate the results of the work and
summarize what happened in the
project that may be of importance for
future projects of the organization; It
should contain information on whether
the project delivered the expected
results, if not, also it includes an
analysis of the reasons for this.
Traditional reports on project closure
detect systematic errors in project
budgets and offers, analyze the
historical trend of the projects
managed by each responsible, and
any other specific requirement.
Nevertheless, the single most
important contextual expectation is
the Delivery of the work and the
evidence of initial operations that will
make the expected benefits identify
during the project conceptual phase,
become a reality. That is why, the
project manager need to be focus in
the organization´s business
requirements and provide the most
suitable method to promptly deliver
the works to the final user so the
project value can be validated and
the organization operations can take
advantage of these.
IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management
Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)
12
Our experience in the Panama Canal
Third Set of Locks project, proved that
project success cannot be only
measure by the traditional trilogy of
scope, time and budget but by
fulfilling the organizational strategic
objectives and the expectation of
interested parties.
On June 26, 2016, the TSL Project team
ensure that the Panama Canal
maintains its position as a centerpiece
of global commerce, and that is
Project Success.
Project Closure Good Practices
are always needed
The project closure phase are in the
need of tools and methodologies that
can allow the process to handover the
works to final users, perform minor
outstanding works and continue to
evaluate the performance of the
works delivered. This effort can
include:
Implementing all commissioning,
testing and startup activities with
respect to the project functional
requirements
Arranging for and managing the
performance tests, and
coordination with contractors
with respect to performance
test runs.
Coordinate for the production
of all design books, operating
manuals, catalogs of vendor
information, and as-built
records.
Endorsement of the operational
training program for the
deliverable works.
Supervise and manage the
handover of the works (Take
over certificate).
Verify the proper production of
the snagging list of remediating
defects by the construction
contractors and its proper follow
up.
Analyze and evaluate the
Performance Test Reports to
determine actual performance
against the contract
requirements.
Our experience in the Third Set of
Locks project’s approach to
commissioning the new locks was
focused on effectively integrating
existing locks operations with the new
locks, and is based on the valuable
lessons learned and final users’
feedback gained by integrating key
players at the early stages of the
commissioning process.
Good practices include the need of
the project director to work closely
with final user to incorporate the
necessary criteria for all parties
involved in the works to accomplish
functional requirements by:
Define integrated system
operation in a secure
environment
Provide interim system
checkouts during installations
IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management
Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)
13
Provide a checklist of
operational procedures during
functional testing, startup, and
turnover.
Define operation and
maintenance (O&M), key
vendor information, as-built
records, testing reports, and
system turnover deliverables to
final user
The project team should make an
early identification and prioritization of
system completion and turnover and
operating activities. The contractors
performing the works should perform
their work in accordance with a
Performance and Testing Handover
Plan. This Plan should be included in
contract documents as part of the
deliverable requirements for the
contractor and its identification
carried through the design documents
and the construction planning cycle,
and included in their schedules.
The project closure in this turnover
strategy, should include contractors
and key vendors in the construction-
to-operations transition strategy.
Contractors should to assign personnel
to bench mark startup risks, ramp-up
curves, and workload projections
associated with systems or facilities
turnover, and coordinate these
activities with the owner.
Project Closeout will need a new
project team configuration in other to
have this new role of liaison between
the final user that has taken possession
of the work and has initiated
operations and the contractor
performing the minor outstanding
works to closeout projects in a timely
fashion. To expedite the closure of
projects, we will begin planning for the
closure of contracts at the pre-
construction meeting. This will ensure
that the final user is aware of the
contractor is working in the facilities
without disrupting the plan operations.
Special attention should be made to
those works that will require shooting
down components though a lock out
tag out process or works in the need of
a confine space work permits. It is
recommended to have preparatory
meeting every day or as identify with
the participation of the facility
manager, the project manager and
the contractor to validate de scope of
the works planned on a daily basis.
The project team should follow up the
contractor work plans in order to
update the snagging list define in the
takeover of the works and considered
the minor outstanding work for project
closure. This follow up should be
evidenced in documentation as:
Documentation that will reflect
that final tune up or works
performed and supplied
equipment
Status of snagging lists to ensure
its completion and to make a
leverage/ liability exposure
analysis
Assurances that spare parts and
O&M manuals are in place or
their status
Submittal of
subcontractor/supplier/contract
or waiver of liens
Finalization of pending change
orders prior to requesting final
release of retainage
Release of all Nonconformance
documentation of the works
IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management
Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)
14
By implementing best practices, the
project team will ensure a virtually
seamless transition from installation to
acceptance and operation without
delay to the Project closing schedule.
His day-to-day knowledge of the
project closure’s status will enable the
project manager and his team to
successfully direct their effort to
complete the project.
Our Team will look ahead and direct
submissions for maintenance of each
Canal operations item, secure all
contractor sequencing plans and
connection details, and coordinate
frequent meetings with operations and
the contractors. These actions will
ensure that all materials are on hand,
power is available, the timing for work
is acceptable to operations to
complete each with minimal
interruptions, and the new locks system
is fully integrated into the ACP’s
existing system.
If there are some performance testing
pending which have been identify as
not affecting functional requirements,
the project closure team will follow up
the testing schedules in advance to
assist in the timely completion and
acceptance of equipment, and to
ensure continuity of operations and
acceptable schedules for
interconnections with existing facilities.
These procedures were critical in the
third set of locks project which needed
tight coordination with Canal
operations during commissioning and
performance that had the project
team to be engage with operations
staff in daily acceptance work plan
meetings to ensure the staff
understands critical operations
sequences and methods. Our
objective of this change in mind of the
team was to ensure they are
knowledgeable of operational
procedures established in the Canal.
When achieved, the project
management practice was aligned to
the contextual requirement’s,
organization culture and practices.
Expectations of People in Project
Closure
Satisfaction is greater when you have
more difficulties to reach the goal. The
fact is that, to finish what we started
has direct impact on our self-esteem.
Of course, external recognitions are
important and when you deliver a
project as a new lock for the Panama
Canal are of many types (public
approval, awards, popularity, money,
etc.). However, the jackpot is when as
a Project Director, it gets us stronger,
and increase in ourselves the value of
our efforts.
IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management
Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)
15
I know of what it
means, because
throughout my
life I have begun
many projects of
different sizes
and complexities
and some, for a
reason, were left
half done. Nothing gives you more
satisfaction than to accomplish
something you had planned and
which you were working tirelessly to
achieve it, and that satisfaction is
what raises your self-esteem every time
you reach a desired goal.
There are many people who are very
good in planning and implementing
things, but then end up with difficulties
to complete the project because of
the effort use for scope verification
rather than functional requirements. If I
have to give a golden rule for project
closing, it will be to focus more on end
user satisfaction. There will always be
deviations to scope, time and budget,
that is part of the lessons learned.
Self-esteem in a project director is a
key competence for successful project
closure. The project director need to
include in the project closure phase
those processes that will allow him to
deliver project requirements to end
users and continue the minor
outstanding works to complete the
scope of the works. Otherwise, we can
fall in inefficacies and waste of energy
due to the fact that there is still no
deliverable in its mind.
David Allen, the father of GTD once
said: "Most people that suffer from
stress is not due to the amount of
things they have to do. It comes from
those that have started, but not
finished.
IPMA ICB4 identifies in people
competences, self-esteem and result
orientation as a key competence
indicators and elements for the
modern project program and portfolio
managers. A good part of our
personal productivity is affected due
to the amount of energy and time we
take to start the project rather than to
finish it. It takes courage to star any
project but perseverance and focus in
end results is what really makes you
finish and deliver.
I have performed my duties as Project
Director of the Third Set of Locks
Project of the Panama Canal by
delivering the works to our country
and the world. I am sure, this
experience has improve by project
and program management skills, but
most important, I feel excellency is
around the corner, because I have
already built a legacy.
IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management
Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)
16
Stefano
Caponi
Quality Manager,
LUISS Business
School Lecturer
Paolo
Cecchini Risk Manager,
LUISS Business
School Lecturer
Piero
Mancino
Coach and Trainer,
LUISS Business
School Lecturer
The aim of this paper is to describe the main
characteristics of two separated disciplines, project
Quality Management and project Risk Management,
that indeed have more than one point in common and
are definitely more correlated and joint as it can
appear at first sight. The paper will describe briefly the
main concepts of both disciplines and then collapsing
aspects will be analyzed.
Project Risk and
Quality Management:
Siamese twins
processes
IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management
Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)
17
Project Quality Management
Robert M. Pirsig (American writer and
philosopher) argued that to define
quality in objective terms was not easy
while it is easy to detect its absence.
When you lack quality, in fact, we
realize it right away.
Quality concept is quite relative: an
objective part (the technical aspects
that must meet the specifications of
the customer) and subjective part
(aspects that need to meet the
expectations and desires of the
customer)
For that, Quality finally expresses the
level of correspondence between the
expectations of the customer and the
product / service offered. The more
expectations and the product / service
overlap, the more they will be judged
products / services of quality.
Quality is definitively "customer driven",
the levels of performance and
compliance are set by the clients and
the clients are the only ones to assess
the level of quality.
Planning Quality is so important to
determine the quality requirements
and standards that will be applicable
to the project (ISO 21500) and how
project will satisfy the needs for which it
was undertaken (PMBOK) because
once requirements are stated the
Quality of the project is the degree to
which a set of inherent characteristics
fulfils the project requirements (IPMA).
Simply the purpose of the Quality
theme is to define and implement the
means by which the project will create
and verify products that are fit for
purpose (PRINCE2)
Then quality can be understood as
characteristic (compliance with
technical specifications), or as a value
(suitability).
Besides the above definitions we need
to take care of the definition of Grade:
“it is a category assigned to
deliverables having the same
functional use but different technical
characteristics”. The project manager
and the team are responsible for
managing different tradeoffs in the
project. Among those there is the
tradeoff associated with delivering the
required levels of both quality and
grade. For example if the main
deliverable of the project is a web-
portal, it may not be a problem if it will
be implemented with a limited number
of features (low-grade) but with high
quality (fulfilment of requirements with
no defects). While it may be a problem
if the web-portal implements numerous
features (high-grade) but with low
quality (partial fulfilment of
requirements with many defects).
The Project Quality Management refers
to processes and activities performed
by the project manager and the
project team that will satisfy the
collected requirements to get
effectiveness (the quality of the
product / service) and efficiency (Cost
containment and times).
The goal is to minimize variation and to
deliver results that meet defined
requirements. Therefore the following
aspects are all important: customer
satisfaction, prevention over
inspection, continuous improvement
(PDCA cycle), management
responsibility, cost of quality (money
spent during the project to avoid
failures and money spent during and
after the project because of failures).
According to all standards the
processes to manage quality are:
- Plan Quality Management
- Perform Quality Assurance
- Perform Quality Control
IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management
Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)
18
The Plan Quality Management is a
critical step in Quality Management.
Basically the quality requirements and
standards for the project are identified.
Moreover rules and procedure are
defined to demonstrate compliance
with quality requirements of the
deliverables and documentation. This
process is used to provide guidance
and direction throughout the project
on how quality will be managed and
validated.
Perform Quality Assurance has its focus
on the quality standards and policies.
The main goal is auditing the quality
requirements and the results from the
process Quality Control to make sure
that appropriate standards and
policies are used. Moreover it is used to
improve the quality processes.
Control Quality has its focus on the
quality of the results/deliverables of the
project. Causes of poor process or
product quality are identified and
actions are recommended to eliminate
them. To do that, the process takes
care to monitor and record the results.
It goes without saying that tailoring
decisions should be specified by the
Project Management Team with
relation to the selected Project
Management processes, level of
implementation for each process, tools
and techniques to be used.
Project Risk Management
There are so many definitions of project
Risk and project Risk Management:
- according to PMI a risk is "an
uncertain event or condition
that, if it occurs, has a positive or
negative effect on one or more
project objectives such as
scope, schedule, cost, or quality"
and Project Risk Management
"includes the processes
concerned with conducting Risk
Management planning,
identification, analysis, responses
and monitoring and control on a
project"
- according to COSO (Committee
of Sponsoring Organizations) Risk
Management is "a process
affected by an entity’s board of
directors, management, and
other personnel, applied in
strategy setting and across the
enterprise, designed to identify
potential events that may affect
the entity, and manage risks to
be within its risk appetite, to
provide reasonable assurance
regarding the achievement of
entity objectives"
- according to ISO31000:2009 risk is
the "effect of uncertainty on
objectives" and Risk
Management is defined as
something that "aids decision
making by taking account of
uncertainty and its effect on
achieving objectives and
assessing the need for any
actions"
Therefore we can definitely say that
"risk is uncertainty" and Risk
Management is "dealing with
uncertainty".
Risk can be negative (a threat
negatively affecting project objective)
or positive (an opportunity positively
enhancing project objective) therefore
the main goal of project Risk
Management is to minimize the effects
of threats and maximize the effects of
opportunities.
Real effectiveness of project Risk
Management is achieved only when
IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management
Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)
19
actions are put in place proactively
(i.e. before risks happen); reactions to
cope with risks whenever they happen
are of course needed but their
effectiveness is reduced.
Proper Risk Management activity is
usually structured within six different
processes (PMI view):
- Plan Risk Management
- Identify Risks
- Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis
- Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis
- Plan Risk Responses
- Monitor and Control Risks
The Plan Risk Management process
includes all the activities needed to
define how Risk Management will be
performed throughout the project life
cycle, therefore defining needed
resources for project Risk
Management, standard probability
and impact scales to be used, tools
and methodologies, revised risk
thresholds, probability-impact matrix,
etc.
The Identify Risks process includes all
the activities needed to identify project
risks to the maximum extent, leading to
the first draft of the risk register (the
main document for project Risk
Management, including all relevant
data for each risk).
The Perform Qualitative Risk analysis
process includes all the activities
needed to analyze the identified risks in
order to prioritize them; at this level the
analysis is performed with a qualitative
approach, assigning a symbolic value
to probability and impact like low,
medium, high. The result is a prioritized
list of risks according to a risk ranking
calculated as a function of probability
and impact. It is then up to the
stakeholders to decide which of the
high priority risks (top 5, top 10, etc.)
have to be directed towards the
quantitative risk analysis. Usually, as the
quantitative risk analysis is a costly
process in terms of resources and tools,
not all the identified risks go through
this process but only the highest priority
ones. It is important to underline that
the qualitative risk analysis is related to
the effect of individual risks on
individual project objectives, while the
quantitative risk analysis is related to
the overall project risk.
The Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis
process includes all the activities
needed to analyze in detail the highest
priority risks; this kind of analysis is
usually based on statistical and
probabilistic methods and requires
definitely greater effort than the
qualitative risk analysis. In order to have
a more realistic approach the
probability of an event is defined
through a probability distribution (beta,
beta-pert, normal, etc.). This process
usually leads to a complete
probabilistic analysis of the project,
identifying through simulation methods
(like Monte Carlo analysis) all the
possible outcomes for the project itself.
This kind of analysis allows
understanding the probability for the
project to finish on time and on
budget, and what additional resources
are needed to achieve the planned
results. There are also simpler methods
for quantitative analysis, like the
Expected Monetary Value (EMV)
analysis, that can be used to
understand the overall project risk
exposure.
The Plan Risk Responses process
includes all the activities needed to
identify and define the actions to be
put in place in order to proactively
respond to identified risks. Proactively
means that those actions are always
IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management
Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)
20
performed regardless of the fact that
the risk happens or not, with the aim to
decrease probability and impact of
negative risks (threats) and increase
probability and impact of positive risks
(opportunities). There are four response
strategies for threats (avoid, transfer,
mitigate, accept) and four response
strategies for opportunities (exploit,
share, enhance, accept), where the
accept strategy is the same both for
threats and opportunities. Risk exposure
evaluation after response actions leads
to contingency reserve calculation.
The Monitor and Control Risks process
includes the activities needed to
implement risk response plan, track
identified risks, monitor residual risks,
identify new risks and measure Risk
Management process effectiveness.
This last point is achieved using work
performance data as input for
variance and trend analysis.
Project Risk Management is an iterative
process the lasts for the entire project
lifecycle; actually the iterative nature is
one of its key success factors.
Project Risk Management is not an
optional activity and should be
integrated with all the other project
Management processes.
Two collapsing worlds
Risk Management and Quality
Management are distinct disciplines,
but trying to integrate one with the
other could bring unforeseen new
synergies: they can be seen as two
sides of the same coin.
Their focal points are anyway different:
- Quality Management
concentrates on adhering to
requirements
- Risk Management concentrates
on dealing with uncertainty
Both of them imply the definition of
preventive and corrective actions
based on cause-effect analysis in order
to put uncertainty under a certain
degree of control
It is important to understand that, living
in a competitive environment like the
one we face nowadays, Risk
Management has to be integrated
with the Quality Management system
on a daily basis. This integration can
definitely bring advantages over
medium and long term.
Risk Management is surely one of the
powerful key to prevent faults. For this
reason all costs due to Risk
Management can be considered part
of Cost of Quality.
Moreover, Risk Management and
Quality Management already show
some degree of integration using
common techniques like FMEA (Failure
Modes and Effects Analysis), Six Sigma
(reducing risks lowering deviations),
checklists, matrices, diagrams,
brainstorming, nominal group, Delphi
method, Root Cause Analysis, SWOT,
interviews, etc.
In many mature organizations you may
find Risk Managers within Quality
departments being needed a deep
knowledge of these methods,
sometime very peculiar, to build the
competence in people performing
both jobs.
Unfortunately, even having so many
common points, Risk Management and
Quality Management are still
perceived as independent and
separate processes by the majority of
companies. This is mainly a cultural
issue and the big challenge is to drive
the company through the mind shift
IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management
Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)
21
needed to harmonically blend Risk and
Quality Management with a creative
approach.
Being quality one of the main factors of
company competitiveness, it is critical
to strengthen it fine tuning the Quality
Management system with proper and
well balanced Risk Management
It is now clear that Risk and Quality
Management are heavily based on
the same common ground. Adopting
an integrated approach can bring
increased profitability lowering costs
and risk and increasing overall quality.
Finally, Quality and Risk Management
imply a cultural change. Both need a
change of approach, pro-activeness,
maturity.
IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management
Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)
22
Giancarlo
Montanari
Membro Comitato
Direttivo IPMA Italy
Essendomi stata data l’opportunità di scrivere un
articolo su questa prestigiosa pubblicazione mi sono
domandato come poterla sfruttare considerato il
mio stato attuale di pensionato dopo una vita spesa
a gestire contratti e portafogli commesse in differenti
aziende di dimensioni e missioni diverse.
Nel corso della mia vita lavorativa ho spaziato in
numerosi e vari campi della gestione progetti
iniziando in una società petrolifera di raffinazione
per conto terzi, quindi di servizi, per proseguire in
società EPC di impianti nucleari , ho continuato
nella gestione in ambito di Service spaziando da
interventi di repowering, riabilitazione di centrali
termiche per estensione della vita operativa,
manutenzione programmata , costruzione di
ospedali e opere ausiliarie in paesi in sviluppo in
Cooperazione con MAE fino alla fornitura di ricambi
di centrali termiche, ed infine ho fatto gestione di
contratti in una società EPC Contractor inclusiva di
manifattura sia per Centrali termiche che cicli
combinati e semplici.
“Make or Buy” non è
solo una scelta nel
fabbricare ma anche
nell’organizzare un
progetto.
IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management
Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)
23
“Make or Buy” una scelta per il
successo e una leva in mano al
PM
Mi sono chiesto cosa potessi portare
all’attenzione del lettore di questa
rivista che già altri non abbiano
scritto e quindi, riflettendo, ho
creduto utile riferirmi ad un caso in
cui la scelta del “make or buy” non
fu relativa solo alla mera costruzione
di un manufatto ma a impostare una
intera organizzazione che doveva
essere stabilita per sviluppare ed
eseguire un progetto comprendente
ingegneria, manifattura, costruzione
delocalizzazione etc. fino alla
consegna di vari impianti testati per
garantire le performance, quindi un
ciclo completo dal concettuale alla
consegna dell’Hardware.
È comune conoscenza che ogni
qualvolta un progetto è concepito e
richiesto da un cliente, in sede di
offerta si richiede al management di
identificare, oltre a fare l’analisi rischi
e il calcolo della redditività, la forma
organizzativa da adottare per la
realizzazione del business ed il rispetto
dei parametri supportanti la scelta fra
“ if or not” in ”bidding phase”.
E’ noto che non esiste una regola fissa
ma esistono dei criteri ormai
consolidati dalla pratica che
vengono utilizzati per individuare la
forma organizzativa tra task force e
matrice, utilizzando normalmente la
prima nei progetti molto brevi e con
l’impiego di pochi specialisti e la
seconda per progetti a durata
maggiore con impiego di molti tecnici
per periodi più o meno lunghi.
Di fatto, al di là dell’organizzazione
propria della società che deve
operare, che condiziona quindi molto
la scelta, si impiegano forme
intermedie o miste che tipicamente
sono matriciali per i dipartimenti di
ingegneria e a task force per i team
di gestione e di controllo in quanto,
questi ultimi, giornalmente impegnati
a misurare e governare i parametri
per il raggiungimento degli obiettivi
principali fissati alla firma del
contratto.
Si può sicuramente affermare che
nulla è immutabile nel corso dei
progetti e che la scelta organizzativa
del team di progetto fatta quale
ipotesi di offerta può sempre essere
modificata e adattata a nuove
considerazioni emerse in sede
negoziale con il cliente se
intervengono fattori significativi
modificanti le ipotesi iniziali, cioè i
tempi o i contenuti di scopo di
fornitura oltre ad un eventuale
sconto concesso a seguito dei quali
cambiamenti sono state individuate
criticità sulle quali si deve monitorare,
con particolare attenzione,
l’avanzamento temporale e i costi e il
valore della vita intera della
commessa per il mantenimento, o
meglio miglioramento come sempre
auspicato, del margine .
Ripercorrendo i vari casi affrontati nel
corso della mia attività professionale
di gestore di progetti ho trovato vari
casi di “make or buy” da me
adottati.
Nella società petrolifera, dove i
progetti erano su tempi molto brevi e
con “pay-out“ bassi, dove si operava
con la gestione e l’organizzazione su
base di mera task force, con indotti su
società di progettazione che
lavoravano a matrice e acquisti su
base matriciale .
Nella società EPC in campo nucleare
i tempi erano necessariamente molto
IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management
Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)
24
lunghi ed erano coinvolte molte
specializzazioni e numero di ore di
ingegneria elevate pertanto
l’organizzazione era meramente a
matrice.
Per il SERVICE per le sue particolari
caratteristiche richiedeva molto
spesso lavoro a task force e nello
specifico SERVICE nel quale ho
operato si trattava di uno spettro di
business che coinvolgeva i più svariati
campi tecnici e operazionali e si è
sempre operato a task force.
Per i progetti EPC di impianti
convenzionali sia all’estero e sia
domestici la struttura scelta rimaneva
normalmente quella matriciale per
ingegneria mentre per la gestione e
controllo si operava a task force.
In ogni situazione l’analisi iniziale della
struttura da impiegare è sempre stata
fatta mirando al rispetto del margine
da una parte e al mantenimento
della saturazione delle risorse interne
dall’altra utilizzando due leve:
esternalizzazione su indotti e
delocalizzazione.
Il Caso
Dopo questa breve vista storica mi
preme affermare che non esistono di
fatto regole precise di valutazione e
che solo il fattore umano e
l’esperienza possono concepire e
mantenere i presupposti, come una
nave mantenere la rotta in un mare in
tempesta, per dare il risultato atteso
di redditività sempre ricercata dagli
stakeholder.
Ma fra tutti i progetti ce ne è uno che
a mio avviso merita di essere
rianalizzato a posteriori e che è stato
per l’azienda in cui ho operato un
evento storico che ha portato più
dell’attesa redditività e che ha
richiesto un continuo adattamento in
corso d’opera del montaggio
industriale ipotizzato per adeguarsi sia
ai bisogni dell’azienda impegnata in
altri mercati e sia alle difficoltà di
reperire risorse adeguate a quanto il
contratto firmato imponeva.
Questa capacità è stato il fattore
vincente e ritengo essere nella storia
dell’azienda un riferimento di buon
management.
Il progetto, o meglio l’insieme dei
progetti, a cui mi riferisco ha
inizialmente coinvolto tutta l’azienda
per la sua concezione in quanto lo
scopo era costituito da:
progettazione, manifattura,
delocalizzazione spinta, logistica
globale su due territori domestico e
locale, assistenza al montaggio e
messa in servizio, training in Italia, on
the job e locale, con una durata di
svariati anni, con clienti differenti ma
sempre nello stesso paese nel quale
c’erano elevate difficoltà logistiche e
leggi sul lavoro molto severe.
Il primo elemento considerato fu
come avere risposte immediate ai
bisogni del primo contratto firmato e
affrontare le relative conoscenze del
paese che aveva subito profondi
mutamenti dall’esperienza
precedente nota nell’azienda.
C’era inoltre il fattore tempo che era
molto critico sia in sede sia
localmente: In sede per dover
fabbricare quanto richiesto dal
contratto e nei modi
dettagliatamente colà specificati le
cui sequenze erano vincolanti in
quanto legate alle attività locali che
dovevano iniziare alla firma del
contratto e attraverso un
trasferimento di tecnologia dosata
IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management
Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)
25
secondo l’accordo con il cliente il
quale doveva essere pronto a
ricevere le parti dall’Italia e assiemarle
sotto la nostra supervisione.
Il cliente doveva progettare il lay-out
degli impianti e il BOP (Balance of
Plant) e noi si doveva approvare la
loro documentazione ricordando che
la messa in servizio era di nostra
responsabilità e le performance
contrattualmente penalizzate.
La delocalizzazione non era solo per i
componenti di nostra progettazione
ma anche per le parti essenzialmente
legate al funzionamento dei nostri
componenti core business, da noi
acquistati normalmente presso
costruttori fidelizzati, e i nostri
subfornitori dovevano assistere
logisticamente e progettualmente le
società delocalizzate fino ad
autonoma costruzione localmente
dei componenti .
Infine c’era da procedere
localmente all’acquisto di
componenti da costruttori locali scelti
dal cliente ai quali doveva essere
assicurato il trasferimento tecnologico
e la fornitura dei materiali principali
per i componenti di cui avevano la
capacità costruttiva ma che doveva
essere eseguita su un prodotto
concepito da noi per i nostri impianti
e quindi da loro mai costruito.
Può risultare evidente a chi ha avuto
esperienze simili o che conosce il
mestiere che fare scelte che
soddisfacessero tutte queste esigenze
contrattuali ma ancor di più trovare le
risorse, dirette o indirette, che
riempissero le caselle fu realmente
sfidante ma tutt’altro che semplice.
Si arrivò quindi a una organizzazione
del progetto dotata di autonomia e
indipendenza dalla struttura della
società rispondente solo alla direzione
generale facendo scelte tra il make e
il buy su ogni task di ingegneria, di
manifattura, di attività ausiliarie al
management del progetto
ricercando sempre l’eccellenza da
coniugarsi con gli impegni economici
(margine e esposizione finanziaria nel
tempo, cash flow da garantire) agli
stakeholder che non erano pochi ivi
inclusa gli assicuratori italiani del
finanziamento (SACE) e il rispetto
delle leggi italiane all’esportazione
dei prodotti dual- use.
Bene per darvi una idea di questo
impegno il progetto alla fine aveva
un numero di risorse operative di
centinaia di persone suddivise tra
Italia e le differenti località del paese
nel quale si operò.
Gli indotti furono una decina e tutti
strettamente coordinati dalla task
force di gestione costituita da due
gruppi : gestione del contratto EPC e
gestione del contratto di manifattura,
con due responsabili distinti ma
facenti capo al capo progetto EPC,
ciascuna con strutture delocalizzate
nel paese del cliente.
Particolarmente nutriti i gruppi di
collaudo e expediting il cui volume
cresceva e diminuiva in maniera
sinusoidale in funzione del
programma lavori.
Esso era costituito da più indotti
(italiani e stranieri) per coprire i bisogni
e tutti coordinati dalla nostra unità
centrale.
Durante la fase di manifattura locale ,
poiché si parlava di componenti da
costruire di propria progettazione non
si poteva pensare a impiegare risorse
da mercato esterno e quindi le
risorse individuate furono per lo più ex
dipendenti in pensione che
IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management
Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)
26
possedevano il know-how per
governare le nuove fabbriche
costruite in loco mentre per la fase
montaggio ,eseguito dal cliente
stesso, si sono dovuti mettere gruppi
organizzati di supervisione con un
capo cantiere ciascuno aventi
esperienze nel montaggio di quel tipo
di impianto , coordinando anche i
vendors specialists, per il rispetto dei
tempi di esecuzione su cui la nostra
società era responsabile, infine
l’ultima scelta fu per i team di
avviamento, uno per ogni località
sede dell’impianto per un totale di 8
siti, per la messa in marcia e prova
delle garanzie.
Questo punto fu cruciale per i tempi
che si sovrapposero tra i diversi siti
contrariamente alla programmazione
inziale per fattori vari dipendenti sia
da nostri constraints sia quelli di
responsabilità del cliente.
Ovviamente per queste ultime
responsabilità fu claimizzata
estensione di tempo e extra-costi, ma
al momento dell’esecuzione si
dovevano rispettare gli impegni e
quindi furono trovati gruppi jolly di
avviamento che coprivano, nel
programma globale, le loro
specifiche tasks muovendosi da un
sito all’altro in un gioco a incastro che
fu il fattore di successo.
Le soluzioni adottate furono quelle
possibili con la disponibilità delle
risorse da trasferire all’estero per
periodi lunghi (24-36 mesi) senza
distoglierne dalla fabbrica e dalla
gestione degli altri progetti in corso, e
hanno dimostrato nei fatti essere
vincenti oltre che per l’aspetto
economico, anche per l’immagine
del nostro paese nel mondo dove la
competizione è ed è sempre stata
molto forte.
Ciò dimostra l’importanza di fare le
scelte giuste anche fuori da schemi
consolidati, con un management
capace di assumere rischi calcolati e
rispondere ai propri stakeholders
individuando i rischi e governandoli
con strumenti operativi adatti.
Conclusioni
Si può concludere che il “make or
buy” in questo progetto non è stato
applicato nel senso più ortodosso alla
sola costruzione ma è stato
necessario applicarne i criteri
all’organizzazione adeguandosi a
ragion veduta a quanto si trovava
disponibile in azienda “make” o nel
mercato “buy” sempre nel rispetto
dell’economicità e senza alimentare
rischi inutili come un buon gestore (il
Project Manager) deve fare.
Raccomando a tutti i Project nello
svolgimento del loro ruolo , oltre a
fare le analisi dei parametri
tradizionali a non trascurare una
overall dello scopo del progetto e
identificare il “Make or buy”
dell’intera organizzazione discutendo,
una volta convinti, con il Top
Management a fare anche interventi
strutturali per l’esecuzione se questi
comprovati danno riduzione di rischio
e garanzie maggiori sulla redditività.
Il Projet Manager mai deve abdicare
al suo ruolo di nocchiero della nave.
IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management
Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)
27
Roberto
Mori
IPMA Past President
Toni Ruttimann’s presentation remains indelible in the
minds of all the attendees at the opening ceremony of
the 22nd IPMA World Congress, Roma 2008.
Not unexpectedly, albeit astonishingly, Toni has been
continuing along his route devoted to increase the
quality and safety of the lives of disadvantaged
communities in disadvantaged regions of the Earth,
voluntarily, freely, independently.
His outstanding unbelievable achievements are in line
with the best industrial practices. Among them the
excellent PM competencies that he has developed and
applied deserve special mention, considering that each
of the 700 worldwide project teams has been involved
just once for their own project.
Toni has presented those achievements and
performance in the course of two recent events in Italy,
which have registered an audience of 1.300. The
comments by attendees bear unanimous witness to the
exceptional nature of both the achievements and the
related presentations, but mainly to the human stature of
Toni.
Few moments of
unnatural silence
IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management
Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)
28
Few moments of unnatural silence
before the almost 1,000 Delegates
granted the Speaker with an endless
standing ovation (more than 5
minutes!).
Those who had the privilege of being
there, vividly remember the key-note
presentation by Toni Ruttimann, the
Swiss bridge builder, at the opening
ceremony of the 22nd IPMA World
Congress in Roma (November 9th,
2008). Indeed Toni had delivered a
touching and impressive example of
the unbelievable achievements that
determination, creativity, initiative
along with deeply rooted human
values could lead to.
In the long time elapsed since, Toni
has continued helping people in
South America and South-East Asia to
build bridges that significantly
improve the quality and safety of their
lives. His record to date includes 730
bridges serving 2 Million persons,
which have been built together with
the interested populations in
Ecuador, Colombia, Honduras,
Nicaragua, Mexico, Costa Rica,
Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar,
Indonesia.
The Times of London has defined him
as one of the world’s more elusive
heroes.
On the occasion of a recent Toni’s
visit to Italy, both an association for
active citizenship of Arese – a center
of 25,000 inhabitants very close to
Milano, famous for its Alfa Romeo
Museum and former Alfa Romeo
premises – and a local newspaper
have organized two presentations of
his that have registered an overall
audience of 1,300.
Toni’s activity has been introduced by
the newspaper Director as a
dedication to a unique mission.
Indeed his dedication and motivation
are as astonishing as the related
achievements. Stand up and let’s
build it together: this way Toni has
motivated and led peasants, women,
kids until their own bridges have been
completely built.
IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management
Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)
29
The project management
professionals attending the
presentations enjoyed another reason
for admiration as they could
appreciate the competences applied
by Toni to achieve such unbelievable
feats.
In fact the related professional
approach is an example of excellent
project management and teamwork
through the following major steps:
- Identification and training of his
local colleague in each
country, to accompany him for
surveys, cementations and final
construction, and who after
years of experience at Toni's
side also becomes responsible
for future maintenance needs
in the country.
- Selection and continuous
training for a team of skilled
welders in each country.
- Participation and commitment
of local communities in all the
construction phases under Toni's
and his colleague's supervision.
- Worldwide retrieval and
transport of all needed used
and new steel pipes and used
wire ropes, nowadays donated
mainly by Tenaris pipe
company and the Swiss
mountain cable-cars,
respectively.
- Standardization of bridge
design, organization &
management of pre-fabrication
sites, and his own repetitive
tasks for remote control and
mobile management.
- Strict procedures for all people
involved, aiming at what Toni
calls 'triple zero system': zero
accidents, zero mistakes and
zero waste (of people, materials
and time involved). And
incredibly, so far there have
been no serious accidents on
any of the 730 bridges, even
though each village builds their
suspension bridge for the first
time. That is an outstanding
example of successful
application of the basic project
rule of doing things well the first
time.
- Teamwork under very precise
rules, especially on final
assembly day of the bridge,
clearly explained to all villagers
prior to work start and strictly
followed by all.
The above are project management
principles that sometime are lacking
even in big industrial projects.
The presentations have obviously
been characterized by highly
emotional content, also because Toni
has clarified which is the main driver
for all his purely altruistic and voluntary
activities: for him the privilege of
being a human being is best lived by
helping others who are in need.
IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management
Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)
30
Of particular satisfaction is the fact
that the presentations have been
attended by many young people,
even kids, as evidence that the main
recipients of Toni’s message should be
the young generations so that they
could verify how far motivation and
spirit can take us, how and where
talents may be found and
developed, how solid ethic-moral
values can provide a decisive edge
to achieve demanding goals, how
continuous search for innovation can
strongly facilitate such an
achievement.
Some of the many comments
received after the presentations
clearly reflect the mood inspired by
Toni:
I have had the great pleasure
to know a real hero, strictly
invisible, who in two hours only
has enriched our hearts.
Ruttimann travels to the most
humble places in the world to
realize what nobody else would
do: bridges leading to hospitals,
schools and fields to cultivate.
Yesterday evening I have learnt
that everyone has a bridge to
build and bring together what
was before far and separated,
and that we all must take
conscience of the privilege of
being human beings.
Thanks for the coordinates
Love/Light, thanks for the
bridge you have built last
evening between you and us.
Would like that all my students
could attend this testimony.
He has dedicated his life to
others, building bridges,
breaking down barriers,
bringing people closer, to have
Love winning against Fear.
Here he is, not as you would
imagine an outstanding
international personality: simple,
not at all filling the scene.
His voice volume is low, we feel
a bit uncomfortable for the
effort that is required to listen ...
but slowly you realize that just
such an effort is bringing you
towards him. He does not want
to throw his knowledge and
experience upon you; he, calm
and reserved, gives it to you as
a gift, only if you so wish.
(…)
He realizes that sometime the
simplest things are the most
important ones, that an even
small river can prevent people
from joining. It would be
enough to build a bridge… and
he becomes a bridge builder.
(...)
And now the Toni of the
beginning of the evening, the
measured one who seemed a
bit in the shadow, the one
IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management
Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)
31
without homeland, without
salary, who lives on the
hospitality of those communities
with whom he builds their
bridge, invisibly, is gone,
transformed into a giant full of
light, a great light, the one that
for him is the objective to
reach, moving ever farther
away from darkness and ever
pointing to the high. And we,
used to loud voices and loudly
trumpeted non-thoughts, to
chaos and confusion in place
of strong projects, find ourselves
in love with whom has chosen
the silence, the essential, the
lack of personal interest, the
doing, the acting, the building
of bridges, both real and
metaphorical ones.
We cannot but stand up and
offer him, through the sound of
clapping hands and beating
hearts, a thank you for what he
has whispered and transmitted
to us.
This period of the world is
characterized by more and more
walls, physical and metaphorical, that
in Toni’s view fall in the Dark and Fear
area of his personal coordinates: but
just one of his bridges is enough to
jump to the Love and Light quadrant.
Thank you, Toni, from all the persons in
the world who, without hidden
agendas, would just aim at a more
equal and just global society!
Short Biography
Toni Ruttimann is a
bridge-builder: since
1987 when he left his
home country,
Switzerland, to help the
populations in Ecuador
hit by a devastating
earthquake, he has devoted his life to
building bridges in disadvantaged
regions of the Earth, voluntarily, freely,
independently.
First in Latin America, then in South-
East Asia Toni has designed a
“system” that reduces a complex
sequence of activities to their
essential: the population needing the
bridge contributes the necessary
manpower and materials for the
foundations, such as cement, sand
and gravel, whereas Toni takes care
of the supply of pipes and ropes from
his friends around the world, plus
giving his technical expertise on site.
During the first 18 years in Latin
America the used pipes and ropes
were sourced from the oil industry, but
since 2005 the Italian-Argentinian
Group Tenaris is donating the pipes,
either new or used, for all the bridges
anywhere, while the Swiss cableways
provide their used wire ropes, when
replaced due to very high safety
standards, but still in excellent
conditions for bridge building.
In each country Toni sets up and trains
a minimal team of 4 local welders
and one bridge-builder colleague to
work with him, and who eventually
becomes responsible of future bridge
maintenance.
Together with his colleagues and the
interested populations, Toni has built
730 bridges, serving 2 million people
(data as of 31 March 2016).
IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management
Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)
32
Nick
Johns
Association for
Project
Management
(APM)
Volentieri pubblichiamo un articolo pervenutoci
dall’Association for Project Management (APM), come
contributo a seguito del Memorandum of Understanding
recentemente siglato con ANIMP, quale Member
Association di IPMA. Questo accordo è finalizzato alla
ricerca di opportunità di collaborazione nell’ambito delle
attività istituzionali che le due associazioni svolgono in
rapporto al project management e arriva a seguito di
una serie di incontri e contatti avuti negli scorsi mesi.
I campi di collaborazione sono piuttosto estesi, spaziando
dallo scambio di idee e best practice nella gestione dei
progetti in vari settori (anche al di fuori di quelli più
tradizionalmente coperti da Animp e IPMA Italy) allo
sviluppo di contatti con multinazionali operanti dei due
Paesi, dall’istituzione di Special Interest Group (SIG) alla
collaborazione con università ed enti di formazione, dallo
scambio di esperienze per lo sviluppo associativo alla
diffusione della cultura di gestione dei progetti.
L’accordo con APM, certamente una delle associazioni
più sviluppate a livello di singolo Paese nel panorama
internazionale, potrebbe essere di grande beneficio per
IPMA Italy. Tuttavia per dimostrarsi tale è necessario che si
manifesti tra gli aderenti (e non solo) alle due associazioni
un reale interesse attraverso la proposta di idee che
possano essere poi tradotte in progetti concreti. É questo
dunque l’invito che IPMA Italy rivolge a tutti i Soci e ai
lettori del Journal, con l’auspicio di raccogliere quei
benefici reciproci che sono nello spirito dell’accordo. Non
possiamo essere timidi in questo o, peggio ancora, tirarci
indietro!
APM: Enhancing the
industry through the
sharing of good
practice and
effective
dissemination of
knowledge
IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management
Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)
33
APM is delighted to be in discussions
with the Associazione Nazionale di
Impiantistica Industriale with a view to
exploring how together we can assist
multinational companies operating
across both the UK and Italy.
Together, both organisations hope to
enhance the development of project
managers and project management
activities which are taking place in
both countries.
APM has existed as Europe’s largest
professional body for the project
community for over 40 years.
At the core of APM’s existence sits a
dedication to supporting project
professionals at all levels and apply a
joined up approach to the
dissemination of knowledge, ensuring
every sector and industry has access
to the latest skills techniques and ways
of working.
Comprising of 22,000 members and
150,000 followers, APM’s reach and
influence lends itself to being at the
heart of the UK’s project profession
and is well versed in supporting and
developing projects and
organisations, both past and present.
Through a variety of channels
including Learning Legacies
partnerships, Special Interest Groups
and industry leading research, APM
strives to set a world class bench mark
for the profession to aspire to and as
an industry move closer to reaching
APM’s ambitious 2020 vision of a
“world where all projects succeed”.
By working with other professional
bodies and organisations including
Crossrail and the Olympic Delivery
Authority, the dissemination of
knowledge allows organisations to
learn from one another and benefit
from lessons learnt, challenges
overcome and also how success was
achieved in the most recent projects
taking place.
For those new to the profession, this
approach gives an instant insight into
the project world and a chance to
bolster their learning alongside formal
qualifications including the APM
Project Fundamental Qualification
(PFQ), APM Project Management
Qualification (APMP) and Project
Professional Qualification (PPQ).
For larger organisations and
corporate members being part of
APM and engaging with the various
programmes on offer allows them to
ensure their project managers are
continually evolving and applying the
latest ways of operating when they
approach their ongoing and future
projects.
Investment in initiatives such as these
has proven to deliver excellent return
on investment (ROI). Money spent on
their project team can be more than
recouped throughout the delivery of
the project and greater certainty of
project success first time.
The benefit of investing in people and
submerging your organisation in a
world class environment has a lasting
effect too. Experience of senior
project professionals is trickled back
down through to junior project
professionals thanks to mentoring and
effective leadership, all key skills
needed to become a Registered
Project Professional, creating a
pipeline of well-trained project
professionals within an organisation.
It is evident through results from APM’s
2016 Salary Survey and Market Trends
survey that our project managers are
continuing to reach out and work
across the globe thanks to new
benefits and opportunities on offer.
IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management
Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)
34
Over a quarter of respondents have
or will be working overseas in the near
future making partnerships such as
these vital in creating a world where
the standard and ways of working are
closely aligned.
It also allows us to meet growing
demands placed on our profession as
organisations continue expand across
a myriad of countries, demanding
world class project professionals to
follow with them and to sit at the helm
of their often vast investments.
Partnerships like this are the first step in
laying the foundation of a network to
supporting project professionals in
their quest to flourish across any
nation they operate in.