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IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016) 1 IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016) ISSN 2421-5902

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IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management

Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)

1

IPMA ITALY Journal of

Applied Project

Management

Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)

ISSN

24

21-5

902

IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management

Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)

1

Direttore Scientifico

Antonio Calabrese

International Advisory

Board

Morten Fangel, Stacy

Goff, Erik Mansson, Jesus

Martinez Almela, Ding

Ronggui, Bill Young

Comitato Editoriale

Laura Agostini, Paolo

Boccardelli, Antonio

Calabrese, Franco

Concari, Antonio Fioretti,

Pierino Gauna, Aldo

Gebbia, Giancarlo

Montanari, Roberto Mori,

Maria Elena Nenni,

Giuseppe Pugliese,

Marco Sampietro,

Giancarlo Scotti, Sandro

Severoni, Luca Tonello

Segreteria di redazione

Irina Bolognesi

IPMA ITALY Journal of

Applied Project

Management è la rivista

on-line di IPMA Italy

c/o ANIMP

Via Tazzoli, 6

20154 Milano

Tel. +39 0267100740

Fax +39 0267071785

Email [email protected]

www.ipma.it

www.ipma.world

www.animp.it

2015 IPMA Italy

All rights reserved

ISSN 2421-5902

SOMMARIO

Editoriale 2

Notizie dal mondo IPMA 4

Perspective, practice and People Expectations

in projects Closures (Panama Canal Third Set of

locks Construction Project)

José E. Reyes 10

Project Risk and Quality Management: Siamese

twins processes

Stefano Caponi, Paolo Cecchini, Piero Mancino 16

“Make or Buy” non è solo una scelta nel fabbricare

ma anche nell’organizzare un progetto.

Giancarlo Montanari 22

Few moments of unnatural silence

Roberto Mori 27

APM: Enhancing the industry through the sharing

of good practice and effective dissemination of

knowledge

Nick Johns 32

IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management

Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)

2

Brexit e Project Management

La decisione del Regno Unito di uscire

dall’Unione Europea è di indubbia

rilevanza storica e dal punto di vista

politico, economico e sociale sono

state proposte numerose discussioni e

analisi. Dal punto di vista del project

management, però, fino a oggi Brexit

è stata affrontata sottolineandone la

complessità derivante dalle numerose

attività e decisioni che dovranno

essere prese in un orizzonte temporale

abbastanza ristretto. Senza volersi

schierare pro o contro Brexit, riteniamo

interessante analizzare alcuni aspetti

inerenti il “progetto” Brexit. Facendo

un paragone con il mondo delle

aziende, Brexit può essere paragonata

a una commessa dove un prodotto o

un servizio deve essere realizzato ad-

hoc per un cliente. Vi è quindi una

fase di vendita dove il progetto viene

presentato al cliente al fine di

convincerlo circa la sua bontà. In

caso di vendita con esito positivo, si

giunge alla firma del contratto. Molto

spesso, chi sarà incaricato della

realizzazione del progetto è un’unità

organizzativa differente rispetto a chi

l’ha venduto. Naturalmente, una

buona prassi sarebbe vendere

progetti effettivamente realizzabili.

Non è un caso che in progetti

complessi, la fase di vendita viene

accompagnata anche da studi di

fattibilità, piani, simulazioni. Un’altra

buona prassi è che, nonostante il

cambio di responsabilità operativa, lo

sponsor di progetto rimanga lo stesso

o comunque vi siano figure che

garantiscano la coerenza tra le fasi di

vendita e quelle realizzative.

Analizziamo quindi la fase di vendita

del progetto Brexit. Su questo fronte,

uno dei messaggi forti a supporto del

Leave è stato che UK invierebbe all’EU

circa 350 milioni di sterline a settimana

e, in caso di uscita dall’UE, questi fondi

saranno destinati al sistema sanitario

pubblico (NHS). Ciò ha portato allo

slogan “We send the EU £350 million a

week. Let’s fund our NHS instead”.

Dal punto di vista del project

management quello appena

enunciato è un requisito che poi dovrà

essere implementato nel progetto. Dai

sondaggi è anche emerso come

questo messaggio avesse molto

colpito l’opinione pubblica in quanto

l’NHS, a causa delle recenti spendig

review, non riesce a raggiungere i

livelli di assistenza sanitaria attesi dai

cittadini. Sempre in logica di project

management, potremmo tradurre il

messaggio pro leave come un

requisito di tipo “Must have”, un

requisito quindi essenziale. Il requisito si

è però mostrato non corretto (i 350

milioni di sterline non tengono in

considerazione di quanto incassato

dall’EU e alcune analisi riportano un

dato approssimato reale di circa 120

milioni di sterline). In aggiunta, il

requisito è stato tolto dalla stessa lista

dei requisiti in quanto gli stessi

proponenti hanno successivamente

commentato che in realtà si trattava

di uno slogan che serviva solo per

sensibilizzare sul fatto che molti soldi

destinati all’EU potevano essere

utilizzati in modo differente, da non

intendersi quindi come vincolante.

Sul fronte studi di fattibilità, piani,

simulazioni etc. (lungi da noi valutare

la fattibilità del progetto Brexit), quello

Editoriale

IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management

Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)

3

che ha stupido molte persone è che

alla domanda “Where’s the plan?

Can we see the Brexit plan now?” un

supporter politico dei Leave abbia

risposto “There is no plan. The Leave

campaign does not have a post-Brexit

plan…Number 10 (David Cameron,

ndr) should have had a plan”.

Infine, molti si sono stupiti del fatto che

alcuni importanti esponenti pro-leave

abbiano rassegnato le dimissioni subito

dopo la vincita del referendum. Come

detto precedentemente, questo fatto

potrebbe essere semplicemente letto

come passaggio di consegne, e

quindi non per forza in modo

negativo, a patto però che la

sponsorship del progetto e

l’integrazione tra il pre e il post Brexit

non vengano meno.

Caro lettore, tu come interpreti Brexit

dal punto di vista del Project

Management? Hai altri spunti da

proporre? Se sì scrivimi pure a

[email protected]

Marco Sampietro

Membro del Comitato Direttivo

IPMA Italy

IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management

Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)

4

Call for Application to the IPMA Social

Projects Achievement Awards 2016.

Achievements in social project

management are recognized in two

categories:

Internationally Funded

Humanitarian Projects and

Community Service/Development

Projects.

These non-profit projects

may be of any size or

value, from either the

public or private

sector. A winning project

will be one that

demonstrates,

through narratives and documentary

evidence, excellence and/or

innovation in the application of

project management.

Apply to get:

international recognition of your

achievements;

the possibility to learn more and

execute better projects in the

future;

the opportunity for sharing

experiences and to networking.

Which steps do you need to take:

submit your application free of

charge;

present your achievements to the

international panel of judges

prepare yourself to participate in

the IPMA Conference in Warsaw on

17-18 November 2016, where the

winners will be announced;

participate in the Award Gala

in Warsaw on 17 November

2016

Application deadline: 15 August 2016

For more information www.ipma.world

Reykjavik, 15-16 September 2016

Project Management and

Sustainability

The theme of the 4th IPMA research

conference, held in Reykjavik in

September 2016

We are a generation with great

responsibility. No previous generation

has had a greater environmental

impact and you, dear reader, leave a

far greater carbon footprint on this

earth than your parents or

grandparents did. We are standing on

crossroads and there is a general

understanding that something needs

to be done right

now. According

to the Paris

convention in

2015 we need to

change our

habits, reduce our negative impact,

become much more conscious about

the consequences of our actions and

life style and do whatever it takes to

make sure that the coming

generations will be able to live and

prosper in this world.

Project management is the vehicle for

change and will thus be an important

instrument in the changes that must

take place in the coming years.

Notizie dal mondo IPMA

IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management

Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)

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Even more importantly, there is a

huge potential to integrate

sustainable thinking in project

management, by understanding the

way projects and their management

interact with the environment and

figuring out how negative impact can

be minimized.

The 4th IPMA research conference will

evolve around the theme “Project

management and sustainability.” The

conference will be held in Reykjavik,

Iceland in September 14-16 2016 and

we have just launched a web page

for the conference where our

objectives and conference structure

are presented, with all necessary

practical information.

We are hopeful that a group of

enthusiastic international practitioners

and scholars will summon in Reykjavik

for the conference for intensive

discussions about these important

questions, and hopefully produce

some interesting outcomes that will be

useful for project management as a

discipline in the coming years.

Please visit our conference web

page http://ipmaresearch2016.com/

The number of participants in the

Research Conference will be limited

to 60 participants.

Certificazione IPMA

Vi ricordiamo di consultare sempre il

nostro sito per conoscere le date

aggiornate dei workshop della

Certificazione IPMA, il calendario

delle sessioni d’esame e per scaricare

la Guida 2016 con tutte le

informazioni sulla procedura di

certificazione. Qui il link alla pagina

dove sono disponibili per il download i

moduli di iscrizione e i calendari.

I workshop sono incontri volti a fornire

informazioni sulla procedura degli

esami, sull’accertamento dei requisiti

di accesso ai vari livelli e, sul valore

che la Certificazione IPMA ricopre in

contesto nazionale e internazionale.

La partecipazione ai Workshop è

gratuita e consigliata a tutti coloro

che sono interessati a conseguire la

Certificazione IPMA o a ottenere

informazioni sul valore di credenziali

professionali, internazionalmente

riconosciute.

IPMA Italy Introductory

Certificate in Project

Management

Diverse Università hanno ormai

avviato corsi in project management

volti al conseguimento della

certificazione IPMA Italy Introductory

Level. Presso il Politecnico di Milano, il

14 giugno 2016 si è tenuta la

cerimonia di distribuzione degli

attestati della certificazione, a

conclusione del corso e della sessione

d’esame. Nell’occasione, è stato

organizzato da Young Crew Italy

l’incontro “Meet the PM” con ospite

Riccardo Fabbri, Project Manager di

Prysmian, per offrire agli studenti

l’opportunità di ascoltare il percorso

professionale di un giovane Project

Manager, le sue esperienze e le scelte

che lo hanno guidato nella sua

crescita.

Si è tenuta, inoltre, la Cerimonia di

Consegna degli Attestati della

Certificazione Introductory Level,

venerdì 15 luglio 2016 a Dalmine, in

collaborazione con la Scuola di

IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management

Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)

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Ingegneria dell’Università degli Studi

di Bergamo. Un momento di incontro

sul tema del project management a

cui hanno partecipato numerosi

studenti del Dipartimento di

Ingegneria Meccanica e Gestionale

che hanno ottenuto l’IPMA Italy

Introductory Certificate.

Si è conclusa con successo la 1°

edizione nazionale di PM

Championship

Nell’ambito dello

sviluppo di iniziative

rivolte ai giovani

studenti universitari, Young Crew Italy

ha organizzato quest’anno la prima

edizione della competition Project

Management Championship. Gli

studenti che hanno aderito

all’iniziativa, raggruppati in squadre,

provenivano da diversi atenei, tra cui:

Politecnico di Milano, Università di

Bergamo, Università di Brescia.

PM Championship è una

competizione strutturata

essenzialmente in due fasi:

1) Qualification Test: un test online

composto da 100 domande a

risposta multipla;

2) Finale “case study”: le prime sei

squadre classificate al

Qualification Test sono state

invitate a partecipare alla

finale, tenutasi presso il

Politecnico di Milano sabato 21

maggio. La finale prevedeva lo

svolgimento di un “case study”

e la successiva presentazione

dei risultati da parte di ciascuna

squadra in presenza di una

giuria.

Il case study scelto, “EXPO

Challenge”, ideato da Young Crew

Italy in collaborazione con Risorsa

Uomo, si presenta come un business

game che, per la sua natura

interattiva, ha permesso la

partecipazione attiva con un forte

coinvolgimento di tutti gli studenti

presenti.

Ogni squadra è stata chiamata

davanti alla giuria per spiegare come

ha svolto il proprio gioco e come ha

interagito con le altre squadre. A

termine delle presentazioni è stata

proclamata vincitrice la squadra di

Davide Maffi, Simon Masnada e

Manuel Mazzoleni dell’Università degli

Studi di Bergamo. A loro rivolgiamo i

nostri complimenti per aver

conseguito il primo titolo in Italia di PM

Champions.

Torino 16 giugno 2016

2° Forum Nazionale dei Giovani

Project Manager. “Le Sfide di un

giovane PM: come trasformare le

barriere in opportunità”.

La 2° Edizione del Forum Nazionale

dei Giovani Project

Manager si è tenuta

quest’anno a Torino e ha

affrontato il dibattito sul

tema “Le Sfide di un Giovane PM:

Come trasformare le barriere in

opportunità”.

Nell’ambito di una collaborazione in

essere da anni, l’evento è stato

ospitato dall’azienda Thales Alenia

Space Italia, a cui è rivolto un

particolare ringraziamento per

l’ospitalità e il supporto nel corso

dell’iniziativa.

IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management

Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)

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L’incontro si è aperto con i saluti e il

benvenuto da parte di Walter Cugno,

Direttore “Domain Exploration and

Science Italy di Thales Alenia Space

Italia, di Giuseppe Pugliese, Direttore

della Certificazione IPMA Italy e, a

seguire, di Ivan Calimani, Past

President di IPMA Young Crew Italy.

Walter Cugno ha proseguito con il suo

intervento dando inizio al dibattito.

Sono successivamente intervenuti, in

ordine: Riccardo Fabbri e Giacomo

Solbiati, rispettivamente Project

Manager e PMO di Prysmian;

Giancarlo Pairetti, Area Program

Manager ITT Friction; Angela Tessa,

Senior Program Manager, Military

Non-UE Initiatives per GE Avio Aero.

Si è cercato di condividere attraverso

le esperienze dei relatori e delle

persone presenti in sala quali sfide

può incontrare un giovane Project

Manager, soprattutto oggi che deve

scontrarsi con tempi di produzione

accelerati, un mercato in costante

evoluzione, una disponibilità di risorse

ridotte, trovando quindi sempre più

complicazioni.

È intervenuto inoltre, per il mondo

accademico, il Prof. Carlo Rafele,

Direttore Scuola Master e Formazione

Permanente del Politecnico di Torino,

che ha proclamato i vincitori del

concorso PM Championship 2016

Davide Maffi, Simon Masnada e

Manuel Mazzoleni consegnando loro

l’attestato di premiazione.

Il Forum è stato sostenuto da diverse

Università e Business School italiane,

tra cui: LUISS, MIP, MIBE (Master in

International Business and Economics

dell’Università degli Studi di Pavia)

Politecnico di Milano, Politecnico di

Torino, Università LIUC Carlo

Cattaneo, Università degli Studi di

Brescia, che ringraziamo per la

collaborazione.

L’evento è terminato con una tavola

rotonda, durante la quale sono

intervenuti, in ordine alfabetico: Paola

Giacomello, Lee Hecth Harrison,

Talent Development Solutions

Director; Fabrizio Marocco, Area

Proposal Comau; Francesco Trovò,

New Plant Construction Project

Manager per Magneti Marelli.

Non sono mancate le domande da

parte del pubblico che ha mostrato il

proprio interesse interagendo con i

relatori.

Alcuni degli atti dell’evento sono

disponibili sul sito ipma.it al seguente

link.

Teramo, 22 luglio 2016

Il Project Management negli Appalti

Pubblici

Segnaliamo che lo

scorso 22 luglio si è

tenuto presso

l'Università di Teramo

un seminario

dedicato al "Project

Management negli appalti pubblici",

organizzato dalla Commissione

Project Management dell'Ordine

degli Ingegneri della Provincia di

Teramo e da Antonio Ortenzi, titolare

della Cost Control di Teramo,

specializzata nella consulenza sul

controllo dei costi e sul controllo di

gestione nel settore Edile.

Hanno assistito circa cento persone,

molte delle quali nei ruoli di tecnici e

dirigenti delle pubbliche

amministrazioni della provincia di

Teramo, molto interessate all'evento

che ha presentato un focus sul Project

Management e sulla figura del RUP

IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management

Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)

8

(Responsabile Unico del

Procedimento), partendo dalla nuova

legge sui lavori pubblici (L. 50/2016) e

dalle determine ANAC.

L'evento è iniziato con l'introduzione

del Presidente dell'Ordine degli

Ingegneri di Teramo, Ing. Alfonso

Marcozzi, con alcune riflessioni sulla

figura dell'ingegnere e su come il suo

background culturale lo renda

naturalmente predisposto al Project

Management, e con l'intervento

dell'Ing. Annalisa Amadio,

coordinatrice della Commissione

organizzatrice dell'evento, che ha

dichiarato che "il livello di maturità

delle organizzazioni, soprattutto

pubbliche, non può dirsi ancora alto,

(e quindi) il cambiamento oggi

richiesto dalla normativa sugli appalti

nell'approccio alla gestione dei

progetti non potrà che essere

graduale". L'Ing. Amadio ha

proseguito dichiarando che "la

Commissione vuole porsi in questo

senso come organismo attivo nella

divulgazione e della diffusione del

Project Management".

Il seminario è proseguito con

l'intervento del rappresentante

dell'Osservatorio Regionale dei

contratti pubblici della Regione

Abruzzo (Daniele Pollice) che ha

esposto le procedure e il rapporto tra

Osservatorio e ANAC, gli obblighi

informativi che derivano, e le

peculiarità della Stazione Unica

Appaltante regionale.

Prima degli interventi dei tre relatori

"specialisti" della metodologia (IPMA,

PMI, UNI), l'intervento di Antonio

Ortenzi ha rivolto particolare

attenzione alla determina ANAC che

parla di Project Management,

evidenziando come sia possibile

controllare tempi, costi e rischi, non

tralasciando gli articoli della nuova

legge che rappresentano una vera

rivoluzione nel comparto dei lavori

pubblici, come il BIM (Building

Information Modeling) e la

qualificazione delle stazioni

appaltanti, volta a creare un

ambiente nel quale i RUP possano

operare.

L'aspetto metodologico del Project

Management, le competenze

necessarie e come queste possono

essere certificate, sono stati trattati

dagli specialisti intervenuti, delegati

dalle maggiori associazioni che

rappresentano in Italia il Project

Management: IPMA (Giovanni Pisano,

Assessor IPMA Italy - IPMA Level A

certified), PMI (Leonardo

Bonamoneta, PMP - Responsabile

della Commissione Edilizia e

Infrastrutture del PMI Rome Chapter)

e UNI (Pier Luigi Guida, coordinatore

tavolo tecnico UNI sulla norma del

Project Management).

L'evento si è concluso dopo

l'intervento dell'Ing. Mauro Pinna,

membro della Commissione

organizzatrice, che ha illustrato i

vantaggi concreti che possono

derivare per il RUP con l'utilizzo della

metodologia, e dopo numerose

domande da parte dei presenti a

conferma dell'interesse che hanno

stimolato i lavori del seminario.

Prima dei saluti e dei ringraziamenti

finali, la Commissione organizzatrice

ha annunciato di rendersi disponibile

ad instaurare una collaborazione per

un progetto pilota con una stazione

appaltante che vorrà avvicinarsi alla

metodologia in maniera virtuosa

seguendo le direttive ANAC.

IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management

Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)

9

Cinisello Balsamo, 28 Settembre 2016 presso UCIMU, Viale Fulvio testi 128

Il Ruolo del Project Manager nella

filiera dei “Sistemi per Produrre”

Programma e scheda di iscrizione

sono disponibili sul sito ipma.it.

Milano, 28 settembre 2016 @ Pacino Cafè, Piazza Bacone 2

YC Cocktail “Mission To Mars: Le sfide

dello spazio viste da un Project

Manager”

Per iscriversi e per maggiori

informazioni cliccare QUI

Milano, 7 Ottobre 2016 @ Hotel Crowne Plaza, Via K. Adenauer 3

San Donato Milanese (MI)

7° Convegno Nazionale IPMA Italy “La

Resilienza nella Gestione dei Progetti”

La locandina con il programma

preliminare, la scheda di iscrizione e

maggiori informazioni sono disponibili

al seguente link.

IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management

Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)

10

José. E.

Reyes

IPMA-B

Program Manager,

Third Set of Locks-

Atlantic

Panama Canal

Authority

Seven Years ago, we have before us a program that

affects the entire world. It was our responsibility to help

the Panama Canal Authority and the Republic of

Panama to deliver The Panama Canal Expansion

Program so that it meets the expectation of the Canal

stakeholders. We worked schedules and budget

constraints while at the same time enforce quality and

meeting our collective environmental and safety

requirements. But the most important challenge was the

opportunity to further upgrade our Project Management

skills and competence for personal satisfaction.

During these years, we have validated most of the

International Project Management Association (IPMA) as

key competence elements of success of any Project or

Program manager. I am sure the ICB3 46 competences

were tested during all project cycles and those in ICB4

can easily be identified in our project documentation.

This program had many setbacks and challenges, as

expected in a Mega Project, but our commitment to our

country and the understanding of good project

management practices, including those soft skills to

manage people and the awareness of contextual

impact, gave us the way to deliver the works on June 26,

2016.

The works were delivered, but the project is still running,

project closure is now underway and the challenges are

not less easy. As always, the project manager needs to

recognize that the project phase need to be managed

with the same effort that was done during construction

but with more collaborative approach since this final

effort will need the integration of the main user.

This document will describe those key activities that

should be taken into consideration when planning the

project closure in projects that includes commissioning

and takeover of the works before actually closing all

project work activities.

Perspective, Practice and

People Expectations in

Projects Closures (Panama Canal Third Set of Project

Construction Program)

IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management

Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)

11

Stakeholder’s Perspective of the

Project Closure Effort

A project closure causes necessarily

auditing of billings and the evaluation

of documentation by interested

parties; which will examine what has

been the course phase of the project,

what it is the margin benefits obtained;

how were the delegations of authority

and power managed; who took

decisions and their outcomes and

finally, conclusions will be drawn about

it.

Because of this final auditing process,

the project manager should, in order

to avoid ambiguity that can

propagate until the final acceptance

of the work, must properly identify

each individual project requirement

very clear before project starts and, if

possible, embodied in the project

contract or quality document

structure.

For the owner organization and its

stakeholders, the closure includes to

evaluate the results of the work and

summarize what happened in the

project that may be of importance for

future projects of the organization; It

should contain information on whether

the project delivered the expected

results, if not, also it includes an

analysis of the reasons for this.

Traditional reports on project closure

detect systematic errors in project

budgets and offers, analyze the

historical trend of the projects

managed by each responsible, and

any other specific requirement.

Nevertheless, the single most

important contextual expectation is

the Delivery of the work and the

evidence of initial operations that will

make the expected benefits identify

during the project conceptual phase,

become a reality. That is why, the

project manager need to be focus in

the organization´s business

requirements and provide the most

suitable method to promptly deliver

the works to the final user so the

project value can be validated and

the organization operations can take

advantage of these.

IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management

Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)

12

Our experience in the Panama Canal

Third Set of Locks project, proved that

project success cannot be only

measure by the traditional trilogy of

scope, time and budget but by

fulfilling the organizational strategic

objectives and the expectation of

interested parties.

On June 26, 2016, the TSL Project team

ensure that the Panama Canal

maintains its position as a centerpiece

of global commerce, and that is

Project Success.

Project Closure Good Practices

are always needed

The project closure phase are in the

need of tools and methodologies that

can allow the process to handover the

works to final users, perform minor

outstanding works and continue to

evaluate the performance of the

works delivered. This effort can

include:

Implementing all commissioning,

testing and startup activities with

respect to the project functional

requirements

Arranging for and managing the

performance tests, and

coordination with contractors

with respect to performance

test runs.

Coordinate for the production

of all design books, operating

manuals, catalogs of vendor

information, and as-built

records.

Endorsement of the operational

training program for the

deliverable works.

Supervise and manage the

handover of the works (Take

over certificate).

Verify the proper production of

the snagging list of remediating

defects by the construction

contractors and its proper follow

up.

Analyze and evaluate the

Performance Test Reports to

determine actual performance

against the contract

requirements.

Our experience in the Third Set of

Locks project’s approach to

commissioning the new locks was

focused on effectively integrating

existing locks operations with the new

locks, and is based on the valuable

lessons learned and final users’

feedback gained by integrating key

players at the early stages of the

commissioning process.

Good practices include the need of

the project director to work closely

with final user to incorporate the

necessary criteria for all parties

involved in the works to accomplish

functional requirements by:

Define integrated system

operation in a secure

environment

Provide interim system

checkouts during installations

IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management

Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)

13

Provide a checklist of

operational procedures during

functional testing, startup, and

turnover.

Define operation and

maintenance (O&M), key

vendor information, as-built

records, testing reports, and

system turnover deliverables to

final user

The project team should make an

early identification and prioritization of

system completion and turnover and

operating activities. The contractors

performing the works should perform

their work in accordance with a

Performance and Testing Handover

Plan. This Plan should be included in

contract documents as part of the

deliverable requirements for the

contractor and its identification

carried through the design documents

and the construction planning cycle,

and included in their schedules.

The project closure in this turnover

strategy, should include contractors

and key vendors in the construction-

to-operations transition strategy.

Contractors should to assign personnel

to bench mark startup risks, ramp-up

curves, and workload projections

associated with systems or facilities

turnover, and coordinate these

activities with the owner.

Project Closeout will need a new

project team configuration in other to

have this new role of liaison between

the final user that has taken possession

of the work and has initiated

operations and the contractor

performing the minor outstanding

works to closeout projects in a timely

fashion. To expedite the closure of

projects, we will begin planning for the

closure of contracts at the pre-

construction meeting. This will ensure

that the final user is aware of the

contractor is working in the facilities

without disrupting the plan operations.

Special attention should be made to

those works that will require shooting

down components though a lock out

tag out process or works in the need of

a confine space work permits. It is

recommended to have preparatory

meeting every day or as identify with

the participation of the facility

manager, the project manager and

the contractor to validate de scope of

the works planned on a daily basis.

The project team should follow up the

contractor work plans in order to

update the snagging list define in the

takeover of the works and considered

the minor outstanding work for project

closure. This follow up should be

evidenced in documentation as:

Documentation that will reflect

that final tune up or works

performed and supplied

equipment

Status of snagging lists to ensure

its completion and to make a

leverage/ liability exposure

analysis

Assurances that spare parts and

O&M manuals are in place or

their status

Submittal of

subcontractor/supplier/contract

or waiver of liens

Finalization of pending change

orders prior to requesting final

release of retainage

Release of all Nonconformance

documentation of the works

IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management

Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)

14

By implementing best practices, the

project team will ensure a virtually

seamless transition from installation to

acceptance and operation without

delay to the Project closing schedule.

His day-to-day knowledge of the

project closure’s status will enable the

project manager and his team to

successfully direct their effort to

complete the project.

Our Team will look ahead and direct

submissions for maintenance of each

Canal operations item, secure all

contractor sequencing plans and

connection details, and coordinate

frequent meetings with operations and

the contractors. These actions will

ensure that all materials are on hand,

power is available, the timing for work

is acceptable to operations to

complete each with minimal

interruptions, and the new locks system

is fully integrated into the ACP’s

existing system.

If there are some performance testing

pending which have been identify as

not affecting functional requirements,

the project closure team will follow up

the testing schedules in advance to

assist in the timely completion and

acceptance of equipment, and to

ensure continuity of operations and

acceptable schedules for

interconnections with existing facilities.

These procedures were critical in the

third set of locks project which needed

tight coordination with Canal

operations during commissioning and

performance that had the project

team to be engage with operations

staff in daily acceptance work plan

meetings to ensure the staff

understands critical operations

sequences and methods. Our

objective of this change in mind of the

team was to ensure they are

knowledgeable of operational

procedures established in the Canal.

When achieved, the project

management practice was aligned to

the contextual requirement’s,

organization culture and practices.

Expectations of People in Project

Closure

Satisfaction is greater when you have

more difficulties to reach the goal. The

fact is that, to finish what we started

has direct impact on our self-esteem.

Of course, external recognitions are

important and when you deliver a

project as a new lock for the Panama

Canal are of many types (public

approval, awards, popularity, money,

etc.). However, the jackpot is when as

a Project Director, it gets us stronger,

and increase in ourselves the value of

our efforts.

IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management

Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)

15

I know of what it

means, because

throughout my

life I have begun

many projects of

different sizes

and complexities

and some, for a

reason, were left

half done. Nothing gives you more

satisfaction than to accomplish

something you had planned and

which you were working tirelessly to

achieve it, and that satisfaction is

what raises your self-esteem every time

you reach a desired goal.

There are many people who are very

good in planning and implementing

things, but then end up with difficulties

to complete the project because of

the effort use for scope verification

rather than functional requirements. If I

have to give a golden rule for project

closing, it will be to focus more on end

user satisfaction. There will always be

deviations to scope, time and budget,

that is part of the lessons learned.

Self-esteem in a project director is a

key competence for successful project

closure. The project director need to

include in the project closure phase

those processes that will allow him to

deliver project requirements to end

users and continue the minor

outstanding works to complete the

scope of the works. Otherwise, we can

fall in inefficacies and waste of energy

due to the fact that there is still no

deliverable in its mind.

David Allen, the father of GTD once

said: "Most people that suffer from

stress is not due to the amount of

things they have to do. It comes from

those that have started, but not

finished.

IPMA ICB4 identifies in people

competences, self-esteem and result

orientation as a key competence

indicators and elements for the

modern project program and portfolio

managers. A good part of our

personal productivity is affected due

to the amount of energy and time we

take to start the project rather than to

finish it. It takes courage to star any

project but perseverance and focus in

end results is what really makes you

finish and deliver.

I have performed my duties as Project

Director of the Third Set of Locks

Project of the Panama Canal by

delivering the works to our country

and the world. I am sure, this

experience has improve by project

and program management skills, but

most important, I feel excellency is

around the corner, because I have

already built a legacy.

IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management

Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)

16

Stefano

Caponi

Quality Manager,

LUISS Business

School Lecturer

Paolo

Cecchini Risk Manager,

LUISS Business

School Lecturer

Piero

Mancino

Coach and Trainer,

LUISS Business

School Lecturer

The aim of this paper is to describe the main

characteristics of two separated disciplines, project

Quality Management and project Risk Management,

that indeed have more than one point in common and

are definitely more correlated and joint as it can

appear at first sight. The paper will describe briefly the

main concepts of both disciplines and then collapsing

aspects will be analyzed.

Project Risk and

Quality Management:

Siamese twins

processes

IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management

Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)

17

Project Quality Management

Robert M. Pirsig (American writer and

philosopher) argued that to define

quality in objective terms was not easy

while it is easy to detect its absence.

When you lack quality, in fact, we

realize it right away.

Quality concept is quite relative: an

objective part (the technical aspects

that must meet the specifications of

the customer) and subjective part

(aspects that need to meet the

expectations and desires of the

customer)

For that, Quality finally expresses the

level of correspondence between the

expectations of the customer and the

product / service offered. The more

expectations and the product / service

overlap, the more they will be judged

products / services of quality.

Quality is definitively "customer driven",

the levels of performance and

compliance are set by the clients and

the clients are the only ones to assess

the level of quality.

Planning Quality is so important to

determine the quality requirements

and standards that will be applicable

to the project (ISO 21500) and how

project will satisfy the needs for which it

was undertaken (PMBOK) because

once requirements are stated the

Quality of the project is the degree to

which a set of inherent characteristics

fulfils the project requirements (IPMA).

Simply the purpose of the Quality

theme is to define and implement the

means by which the project will create

and verify products that are fit for

purpose (PRINCE2)

Then quality can be understood as

characteristic (compliance with

technical specifications), or as a value

(suitability).

Besides the above definitions we need

to take care of the definition of Grade:

“it is a category assigned to

deliverables having the same

functional use but different technical

characteristics”. The project manager

and the team are responsible for

managing different tradeoffs in the

project. Among those there is the

tradeoff associated with delivering the

required levels of both quality and

grade. For example if the main

deliverable of the project is a web-

portal, it may not be a problem if it will

be implemented with a limited number

of features (low-grade) but with high

quality (fulfilment of requirements with

no defects). While it may be a problem

if the web-portal implements numerous

features (high-grade) but with low

quality (partial fulfilment of

requirements with many defects).

The Project Quality Management refers

to processes and activities performed

by the project manager and the

project team that will satisfy the

collected requirements to get

effectiveness (the quality of the

product / service) and efficiency (Cost

containment and times).

The goal is to minimize variation and to

deliver results that meet defined

requirements. Therefore the following

aspects are all important: customer

satisfaction, prevention over

inspection, continuous improvement

(PDCA cycle), management

responsibility, cost of quality (money

spent during the project to avoid

failures and money spent during and

after the project because of failures).

According to all standards the

processes to manage quality are:

- Plan Quality Management

- Perform Quality Assurance

- Perform Quality Control

IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management

Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)

18

The Plan Quality Management is a

critical step in Quality Management.

Basically the quality requirements and

standards for the project are identified.

Moreover rules and procedure are

defined to demonstrate compliance

with quality requirements of the

deliverables and documentation. This

process is used to provide guidance

and direction throughout the project

on how quality will be managed and

validated.

Perform Quality Assurance has its focus

on the quality standards and policies.

The main goal is auditing the quality

requirements and the results from the

process Quality Control to make sure

that appropriate standards and

policies are used. Moreover it is used to

improve the quality processes.

Control Quality has its focus on the

quality of the results/deliverables of the

project. Causes of poor process or

product quality are identified and

actions are recommended to eliminate

them. To do that, the process takes

care to monitor and record the results.

It goes without saying that tailoring

decisions should be specified by the

Project Management Team with

relation to the selected Project

Management processes, level of

implementation for each process, tools

and techniques to be used.

Project Risk Management

There are so many definitions of project

Risk and project Risk Management:

- according to PMI a risk is "an

uncertain event or condition

that, if it occurs, has a positive or

negative effect on one or more

project objectives such as

scope, schedule, cost, or quality"

and Project Risk Management

"includes the processes

concerned with conducting Risk

Management planning,

identification, analysis, responses

and monitoring and control on a

project"

- according to COSO (Committee

of Sponsoring Organizations) Risk

Management is "a process

affected by an entity’s board of

directors, management, and

other personnel, applied in

strategy setting and across the

enterprise, designed to identify

potential events that may affect

the entity, and manage risks to

be within its risk appetite, to

provide reasonable assurance

regarding the achievement of

entity objectives"

- according to ISO31000:2009 risk is

the "effect of uncertainty on

objectives" and Risk

Management is defined as

something that "aids decision

making by taking account of

uncertainty and its effect on

achieving objectives and

assessing the need for any

actions"

Therefore we can definitely say that

"risk is uncertainty" and Risk

Management is "dealing with

uncertainty".

Risk can be negative (a threat

negatively affecting project objective)

or positive (an opportunity positively

enhancing project objective) therefore

the main goal of project Risk

Management is to minimize the effects

of threats and maximize the effects of

opportunities.

Real effectiveness of project Risk

Management is achieved only when

IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management

Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)

19

actions are put in place proactively

(i.e. before risks happen); reactions to

cope with risks whenever they happen

are of course needed but their

effectiveness is reduced.

Proper Risk Management activity is

usually structured within six different

processes (PMI view):

- Plan Risk Management

- Identify Risks

- Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis

- Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis

- Plan Risk Responses

- Monitor and Control Risks

The Plan Risk Management process

includes all the activities needed to

define how Risk Management will be

performed throughout the project life

cycle, therefore defining needed

resources for project Risk

Management, standard probability

and impact scales to be used, tools

and methodologies, revised risk

thresholds, probability-impact matrix,

etc.

The Identify Risks process includes all

the activities needed to identify project

risks to the maximum extent, leading to

the first draft of the risk register (the

main document for project Risk

Management, including all relevant

data for each risk).

The Perform Qualitative Risk analysis

process includes all the activities

needed to analyze the identified risks in

order to prioritize them; at this level the

analysis is performed with a qualitative

approach, assigning a symbolic value

to probability and impact like low,

medium, high. The result is a prioritized

list of risks according to a risk ranking

calculated as a function of probability

and impact. It is then up to the

stakeholders to decide which of the

high priority risks (top 5, top 10, etc.)

have to be directed towards the

quantitative risk analysis. Usually, as the

quantitative risk analysis is a costly

process in terms of resources and tools,

not all the identified risks go through

this process but only the highest priority

ones. It is important to underline that

the qualitative risk analysis is related to

the effect of individual risks on

individual project objectives, while the

quantitative risk analysis is related to

the overall project risk.

The Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis

process includes all the activities

needed to analyze in detail the highest

priority risks; this kind of analysis is

usually based on statistical and

probabilistic methods and requires

definitely greater effort than the

qualitative risk analysis. In order to have

a more realistic approach the

probability of an event is defined

through a probability distribution (beta,

beta-pert, normal, etc.). This process

usually leads to a complete

probabilistic analysis of the project,

identifying through simulation methods

(like Monte Carlo analysis) all the

possible outcomes for the project itself.

This kind of analysis allows

understanding the probability for the

project to finish on time and on

budget, and what additional resources

are needed to achieve the planned

results. There are also simpler methods

for quantitative analysis, like the

Expected Monetary Value (EMV)

analysis, that can be used to

understand the overall project risk

exposure.

The Plan Risk Responses process

includes all the activities needed to

identify and define the actions to be

put in place in order to proactively

respond to identified risks. Proactively

means that those actions are always

IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management

Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)

20

performed regardless of the fact that

the risk happens or not, with the aim to

decrease probability and impact of

negative risks (threats) and increase

probability and impact of positive risks

(opportunities). There are four response

strategies for threats (avoid, transfer,

mitigate, accept) and four response

strategies for opportunities (exploit,

share, enhance, accept), where the

accept strategy is the same both for

threats and opportunities. Risk exposure

evaluation after response actions leads

to contingency reserve calculation.

The Monitor and Control Risks process

includes the activities needed to

implement risk response plan, track

identified risks, monitor residual risks,

identify new risks and measure Risk

Management process effectiveness.

This last point is achieved using work

performance data as input for

variance and trend analysis.

Project Risk Management is an iterative

process the lasts for the entire project

lifecycle; actually the iterative nature is

one of its key success factors.

Project Risk Management is not an

optional activity and should be

integrated with all the other project

Management processes.

Two collapsing worlds

Risk Management and Quality

Management are distinct disciplines,

but trying to integrate one with the

other could bring unforeseen new

synergies: they can be seen as two

sides of the same coin.

Their focal points are anyway different:

- Quality Management

concentrates on adhering to

requirements

- Risk Management concentrates

on dealing with uncertainty

Both of them imply the definition of

preventive and corrective actions

based on cause-effect analysis in order

to put uncertainty under a certain

degree of control

It is important to understand that, living

in a competitive environment like the

one we face nowadays, Risk

Management has to be integrated

with the Quality Management system

on a daily basis. This integration can

definitely bring advantages over

medium and long term.

Risk Management is surely one of the

powerful key to prevent faults. For this

reason all costs due to Risk

Management can be considered part

of Cost of Quality.

Moreover, Risk Management and

Quality Management already show

some degree of integration using

common techniques like FMEA (Failure

Modes and Effects Analysis), Six Sigma

(reducing risks lowering deviations),

checklists, matrices, diagrams,

brainstorming, nominal group, Delphi

method, Root Cause Analysis, SWOT,

interviews, etc.

In many mature organizations you may

find Risk Managers within Quality

departments being needed a deep

knowledge of these methods,

sometime very peculiar, to build the

competence in people performing

both jobs.

Unfortunately, even having so many

common points, Risk Management and

Quality Management are still

perceived as independent and

separate processes by the majority of

companies. This is mainly a cultural

issue and the big challenge is to drive

the company through the mind shift

IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management

Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)

21

needed to harmonically blend Risk and

Quality Management with a creative

approach.

Being quality one of the main factors of

company competitiveness, it is critical

to strengthen it fine tuning the Quality

Management system with proper and

well balanced Risk Management

It is now clear that Risk and Quality

Management are heavily based on

the same common ground. Adopting

an integrated approach can bring

increased profitability lowering costs

and risk and increasing overall quality.

Finally, Quality and Risk Management

imply a cultural change. Both need a

change of approach, pro-activeness,

maturity.

IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management

Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)

22

Giancarlo

Montanari

Membro Comitato

Direttivo IPMA Italy

Essendomi stata data l’opportunità di scrivere un

articolo su questa prestigiosa pubblicazione mi sono

domandato come poterla sfruttare considerato il

mio stato attuale di pensionato dopo una vita spesa

a gestire contratti e portafogli commesse in differenti

aziende di dimensioni e missioni diverse.

Nel corso della mia vita lavorativa ho spaziato in

numerosi e vari campi della gestione progetti

iniziando in una società petrolifera di raffinazione

per conto terzi, quindi di servizi, per proseguire in

società EPC di impianti nucleari , ho continuato

nella gestione in ambito di Service spaziando da

interventi di repowering, riabilitazione di centrali

termiche per estensione della vita operativa,

manutenzione programmata , costruzione di

ospedali e opere ausiliarie in paesi in sviluppo in

Cooperazione con MAE fino alla fornitura di ricambi

di centrali termiche, ed infine ho fatto gestione di

contratti in una società EPC Contractor inclusiva di

manifattura sia per Centrali termiche che cicli

combinati e semplici.

“Make or Buy” non è

solo una scelta nel

fabbricare ma anche

nell’organizzare un

progetto.

IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management

Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)

23

“Make or Buy” una scelta per il

successo e una leva in mano al

PM

Mi sono chiesto cosa potessi portare

all’attenzione del lettore di questa

rivista che già altri non abbiano

scritto e quindi, riflettendo, ho

creduto utile riferirmi ad un caso in

cui la scelta del “make or buy” non

fu relativa solo alla mera costruzione

di un manufatto ma a impostare una

intera organizzazione che doveva

essere stabilita per sviluppare ed

eseguire un progetto comprendente

ingegneria, manifattura, costruzione

delocalizzazione etc. fino alla

consegna di vari impianti testati per

garantire le performance, quindi un

ciclo completo dal concettuale alla

consegna dell’Hardware.

È comune conoscenza che ogni

qualvolta un progetto è concepito e

richiesto da un cliente, in sede di

offerta si richiede al management di

identificare, oltre a fare l’analisi rischi

e il calcolo della redditività, la forma

organizzativa da adottare per la

realizzazione del business ed il rispetto

dei parametri supportanti la scelta fra

“ if or not” in ”bidding phase”.

E’ noto che non esiste una regola fissa

ma esistono dei criteri ormai

consolidati dalla pratica che

vengono utilizzati per individuare la

forma organizzativa tra task force e

matrice, utilizzando normalmente la

prima nei progetti molto brevi e con

l’impiego di pochi specialisti e la

seconda per progetti a durata

maggiore con impiego di molti tecnici

per periodi più o meno lunghi.

Di fatto, al di là dell’organizzazione

propria della società che deve

operare, che condiziona quindi molto

la scelta, si impiegano forme

intermedie o miste che tipicamente

sono matriciali per i dipartimenti di

ingegneria e a task force per i team

di gestione e di controllo in quanto,

questi ultimi, giornalmente impegnati

a misurare e governare i parametri

per il raggiungimento degli obiettivi

principali fissati alla firma del

contratto.

Si può sicuramente affermare che

nulla è immutabile nel corso dei

progetti e che la scelta organizzativa

del team di progetto fatta quale

ipotesi di offerta può sempre essere

modificata e adattata a nuove

considerazioni emerse in sede

negoziale con il cliente se

intervengono fattori significativi

modificanti le ipotesi iniziali, cioè i

tempi o i contenuti di scopo di

fornitura oltre ad un eventuale

sconto concesso a seguito dei quali

cambiamenti sono state individuate

criticità sulle quali si deve monitorare,

con particolare attenzione,

l’avanzamento temporale e i costi e il

valore della vita intera della

commessa per il mantenimento, o

meglio miglioramento come sempre

auspicato, del margine .

Ripercorrendo i vari casi affrontati nel

corso della mia attività professionale

di gestore di progetti ho trovato vari

casi di “make or buy” da me

adottati.

Nella società petrolifera, dove i

progetti erano su tempi molto brevi e

con “pay-out“ bassi, dove si operava

con la gestione e l’organizzazione su

base di mera task force, con indotti su

società di progettazione che

lavoravano a matrice e acquisti su

base matriciale .

Nella società EPC in campo nucleare

i tempi erano necessariamente molto

IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management

Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)

24

lunghi ed erano coinvolte molte

specializzazioni e numero di ore di

ingegneria elevate pertanto

l’organizzazione era meramente a

matrice.

Per il SERVICE per le sue particolari

caratteristiche richiedeva molto

spesso lavoro a task force e nello

specifico SERVICE nel quale ho

operato si trattava di uno spettro di

business che coinvolgeva i più svariati

campi tecnici e operazionali e si è

sempre operato a task force.

Per i progetti EPC di impianti

convenzionali sia all’estero e sia

domestici la struttura scelta rimaneva

normalmente quella matriciale per

ingegneria mentre per la gestione e

controllo si operava a task force.

In ogni situazione l’analisi iniziale della

struttura da impiegare è sempre stata

fatta mirando al rispetto del margine

da una parte e al mantenimento

della saturazione delle risorse interne

dall’altra utilizzando due leve:

esternalizzazione su indotti e

delocalizzazione.

Il Caso

Dopo questa breve vista storica mi

preme affermare che non esistono di

fatto regole precise di valutazione e

che solo il fattore umano e

l’esperienza possono concepire e

mantenere i presupposti, come una

nave mantenere la rotta in un mare in

tempesta, per dare il risultato atteso

di redditività sempre ricercata dagli

stakeholder.

Ma fra tutti i progetti ce ne è uno che

a mio avviso merita di essere

rianalizzato a posteriori e che è stato

per l’azienda in cui ho operato un

evento storico che ha portato più

dell’attesa redditività e che ha

richiesto un continuo adattamento in

corso d’opera del montaggio

industriale ipotizzato per adeguarsi sia

ai bisogni dell’azienda impegnata in

altri mercati e sia alle difficoltà di

reperire risorse adeguate a quanto il

contratto firmato imponeva.

Questa capacità è stato il fattore

vincente e ritengo essere nella storia

dell’azienda un riferimento di buon

management.

Il progetto, o meglio l’insieme dei

progetti, a cui mi riferisco ha

inizialmente coinvolto tutta l’azienda

per la sua concezione in quanto lo

scopo era costituito da:

progettazione, manifattura,

delocalizzazione spinta, logistica

globale su due territori domestico e

locale, assistenza al montaggio e

messa in servizio, training in Italia, on

the job e locale, con una durata di

svariati anni, con clienti differenti ma

sempre nello stesso paese nel quale

c’erano elevate difficoltà logistiche e

leggi sul lavoro molto severe.

Il primo elemento considerato fu

come avere risposte immediate ai

bisogni del primo contratto firmato e

affrontare le relative conoscenze del

paese che aveva subito profondi

mutamenti dall’esperienza

precedente nota nell’azienda.

C’era inoltre il fattore tempo che era

molto critico sia in sede sia

localmente: In sede per dover

fabbricare quanto richiesto dal

contratto e nei modi

dettagliatamente colà specificati le

cui sequenze erano vincolanti in

quanto legate alle attività locali che

dovevano iniziare alla firma del

contratto e attraverso un

trasferimento di tecnologia dosata

IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management

Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)

25

secondo l’accordo con il cliente il

quale doveva essere pronto a

ricevere le parti dall’Italia e assiemarle

sotto la nostra supervisione.

Il cliente doveva progettare il lay-out

degli impianti e il BOP (Balance of

Plant) e noi si doveva approvare la

loro documentazione ricordando che

la messa in servizio era di nostra

responsabilità e le performance

contrattualmente penalizzate.

La delocalizzazione non era solo per i

componenti di nostra progettazione

ma anche per le parti essenzialmente

legate al funzionamento dei nostri

componenti core business, da noi

acquistati normalmente presso

costruttori fidelizzati, e i nostri

subfornitori dovevano assistere

logisticamente e progettualmente le

società delocalizzate fino ad

autonoma costruzione localmente

dei componenti .

Infine c’era da procedere

localmente all’acquisto di

componenti da costruttori locali scelti

dal cliente ai quali doveva essere

assicurato il trasferimento tecnologico

e la fornitura dei materiali principali

per i componenti di cui avevano la

capacità costruttiva ma che doveva

essere eseguita su un prodotto

concepito da noi per i nostri impianti

e quindi da loro mai costruito.

Può risultare evidente a chi ha avuto

esperienze simili o che conosce il

mestiere che fare scelte che

soddisfacessero tutte queste esigenze

contrattuali ma ancor di più trovare le

risorse, dirette o indirette, che

riempissero le caselle fu realmente

sfidante ma tutt’altro che semplice.

Si arrivò quindi a una organizzazione

del progetto dotata di autonomia e

indipendenza dalla struttura della

società rispondente solo alla direzione

generale facendo scelte tra il make e

il buy su ogni task di ingegneria, di

manifattura, di attività ausiliarie al

management del progetto

ricercando sempre l’eccellenza da

coniugarsi con gli impegni economici

(margine e esposizione finanziaria nel

tempo, cash flow da garantire) agli

stakeholder che non erano pochi ivi

inclusa gli assicuratori italiani del

finanziamento (SACE) e il rispetto

delle leggi italiane all’esportazione

dei prodotti dual- use.

Bene per darvi una idea di questo

impegno il progetto alla fine aveva

un numero di risorse operative di

centinaia di persone suddivise tra

Italia e le differenti località del paese

nel quale si operò.

Gli indotti furono una decina e tutti

strettamente coordinati dalla task

force di gestione costituita da due

gruppi : gestione del contratto EPC e

gestione del contratto di manifattura,

con due responsabili distinti ma

facenti capo al capo progetto EPC,

ciascuna con strutture delocalizzate

nel paese del cliente.

Particolarmente nutriti i gruppi di

collaudo e expediting il cui volume

cresceva e diminuiva in maniera

sinusoidale in funzione del

programma lavori.

Esso era costituito da più indotti

(italiani e stranieri) per coprire i bisogni

e tutti coordinati dalla nostra unità

centrale.

Durante la fase di manifattura locale ,

poiché si parlava di componenti da

costruire di propria progettazione non

si poteva pensare a impiegare risorse

da mercato esterno e quindi le

risorse individuate furono per lo più ex

dipendenti in pensione che

IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management

Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)

26

possedevano il know-how per

governare le nuove fabbriche

costruite in loco mentre per la fase

montaggio ,eseguito dal cliente

stesso, si sono dovuti mettere gruppi

organizzati di supervisione con un

capo cantiere ciascuno aventi

esperienze nel montaggio di quel tipo

di impianto , coordinando anche i

vendors specialists, per il rispetto dei

tempi di esecuzione su cui la nostra

società era responsabile, infine

l’ultima scelta fu per i team di

avviamento, uno per ogni località

sede dell’impianto per un totale di 8

siti, per la messa in marcia e prova

delle garanzie.

Questo punto fu cruciale per i tempi

che si sovrapposero tra i diversi siti

contrariamente alla programmazione

inziale per fattori vari dipendenti sia

da nostri constraints sia quelli di

responsabilità del cliente.

Ovviamente per queste ultime

responsabilità fu claimizzata

estensione di tempo e extra-costi, ma

al momento dell’esecuzione si

dovevano rispettare gli impegni e

quindi furono trovati gruppi jolly di

avviamento che coprivano, nel

programma globale, le loro

specifiche tasks muovendosi da un

sito all’altro in un gioco a incastro che

fu il fattore di successo.

Le soluzioni adottate furono quelle

possibili con la disponibilità delle

risorse da trasferire all’estero per

periodi lunghi (24-36 mesi) senza

distoglierne dalla fabbrica e dalla

gestione degli altri progetti in corso, e

hanno dimostrato nei fatti essere

vincenti oltre che per l’aspetto

economico, anche per l’immagine

del nostro paese nel mondo dove la

competizione è ed è sempre stata

molto forte.

Ciò dimostra l’importanza di fare le

scelte giuste anche fuori da schemi

consolidati, con un management

capace di assumere rischi calcolati e

rispondere ai propri stakeholders

individuando i rischi e governandoli

con strumenti operativi adatti.

Conclusioni

Si può concludere che il “make or

buy” in questo progetto non è stato

applicato nel senso più ortodosso alla

sola costruzione ma è stato

necessario applicarne i criteri

all’organizzazione adeguandosi a

ragion veduta a quanto si trovava

disponibile in azienda “make” o nel

mercato “buy” sempre nel rispetto

dell’economicità e senza alimentare

rischi inutili come un buon gestore (il

Project Manager) deve fare.

Raccomando a tutti i Project nello

svolgimento del loro ruolo , oltre a

fare le analisi dei parametri

tradizionali a non trascurare una

overall dello scopo del progetto e

identificare il “Make or buy”

dell’intera organizzazione discutendo,

una volta convinti, con il Top

Management a fare anche interventi

strutturali per l’esecuzione se questi

comprovati danno riduzione di rischio

e garanzie maggiori sulla redditività.

Il Projet Manager mai deve abdicare

al suo ruolo di nocchiero della nave.

IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management

Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)

27

Roberto

Mori

IPMA Past President

Toni Ruttimann’s presentation remains indelible in the

minds of all the attendees at the opening ceremony of

the 22nd IPMA World Congress, Roma 2008.

Not unexpectedly, albeit astonishingly, Toni has been

continuing along his route devoted to increase the

quality and safety of the lives of disadvantaged

communities in disadvantaged regions of the Earth,

voluntarily, freely, independently.

His outstanding unbelievable achievements are in line

with the best industrial practices. Among them the

excellent PM competencies that he has developed and

applied deserve special mention, considering that each

of the 700 worldwide project teams has been involved

just once for their own project.

Toni has presented those achievements and

performance in the course of two recent events in Italy,

which have registered an audience of 1.300. The

comments by attendees bear unanimous witness to the

exceptional nature of both the achievements and the

related presentations, but mainly to the human stature of

Toni.

Few moments of

unnatural silence

IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management

Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)

28

Few moments of unnatural silence

before the almost 1,000 Delegates

granted the Speaker with an endless

standing ovation (more than 5

minutes!).

Those who had the privilege of being

there, vividly remember the key-note

presentation by Toni Ruttimann, the

Swiss bridge builder, at the opening

ceremony of the 22nd IPMA World

Congress in Roma (November 9th,

2008). Indeed Toni had delivered a

touching and impressive example of

the unbelievable achievements that

determination, creativity, initiative

along with deeply rooted human

values could lead to.

In the long time elapsed since, Toni

has continued helping people in

South America and South-East Asia to

build bridges that significantly

improve the quality and safety of their

lives. His record to date includes 730

bridges serving 2 Million persons,

which have been built together with

the interested populations in

Ecuador, Colombia, Honduras,

Nicaragua, Mexico, Costa Rica,

Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar,

Indonesia.

The Times of London has defined him

as one of the world’s more elusive

heroes.

On the occasion of a recent Toni’s

visit to Italy, both an association for

active citizenship of Arese – a center

of 25,000 inhabitants very close to

Milano, famous for its Alfa Romeo

Museum and former Alfa Romeo

premises – and a local newspaper

have organized two presentations of

his that have registered an overall

audience of 1,300.

Toni’s activity has been introduced by

the newspaper Director as a

dedication to a unique mission.

Indeed his dedication and motivation

are as astonishing as the related

achievements. Stand up and let’s

build it together: this way Toni has

motivated and led peasants, women,

kids until their own bridges have been

completely built.

IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management

Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)

29

The project management

professionals attending the

presentations enjoyed another reason

for admiration as they could

appreciate the competences applied

by Toni to achieve such unbelievable

feats.

In fact the related professional

approach is an example of excellent

project management and teamwork

through the following major steps:

- Identification and training of his

local colleague in each

country, to accompany him for

surveys, cementations and final

construction, and who after

years of experience at Toni's

side also becomes responsible

for future maintenance needs

in the country.

- Selection and continuous

training for a team of skilled

welders in each country.

- Participation and commitment

of local communities in all the

construction phases under Toni's

and his colleague's supervision.

- Worldwide retrieval and

transport of all needed used

and new steel pipes and used

wire ropes, nowadays donated

mainly by Tenaris pipe

company and the Swiss

mountain cable-cars,

respectively.

- Standardization of bridge

design, organization &

management of pre-fabrication

sites, and his own repetitive

tasks for remote control and

mobile management.

- Strict procedures for all people

involved, aiming at what Toni

calls 'triple zero system': zero

accidents, zero mistakes and

zero waste (of people, materials

and time involved). And

incredibly, so far there have

been no serious accidents on

any of the 730 bridges, even

though each village builds their

suspension bridge for the first

time. That is an outstanding

example of successful

application of the basic project

rule of doing things well the first

time.

- Teamwork under very precise

rules, especially on final

assembly day of the bridge,

clearly explained to all villagers

prior to work start and strictly

followed by all.

The above are project management

principles that sometime are lacking

even in big industrial projects.

The presentations have obviously

been characterized by highly

emotional content, also because Toni

has clarified which is the main driver

for all his purely altruistic and voluntary

activities: for him the privilege of

being a human being is best lived by

helping others who are in need.

IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management

Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)

30

Of particular satisfaction is the fact

that the presentations have been

attended by many young people,

even kids, as evidence that the main

recipients of Toni’s message should be

the young generations so that they

could verify how far motivation and

spirit can take us, how and where

talents may be found and

developed, how solid ethic-moral

values can provide a decisive edge

to achieve demanding goals, how

continuous search for innovation can

strongly facilitate such an

achievement.

Some of the many comments

received after the presentations

clearly reflect the mood inspired by

Toni:

I have had the great pleasure

to know a real hero, strictly

invisible, who in two hours only

has enriched our hearts.

Ruttimann travels to the most

humble places in the world to

realize what nobody else would

do: bridges leading to hospitals,

schools and fields to cultivate.

Yesterday evening I have learnt

that everyone has a bridge to

build and bring together what

was before far and separated,

and that we all must take

conscience of the privilege of

being human beings.

Thanks for the coordinates

Love/Light, thanks for the

bridge you have built last

evening between you and us.

Would like that all my students

could attend this testimony.

He has dedicated his life to

others, building bridges,

breaking down barriers,

bringing people closer, to have

Love winning against Fear.

Here he is, not as you would

imagine an outstanding

international personality: simple,

not at all filling the scene.

His voice volume is low, we feel

a bit uncomfortable for the

effort that is required to listen ...

but slowly you realize that just

such an effort is bringing you

towards him. He does not want

to throw his knowledge and

experience upon you; he, calm

and reserved, gives it to you as

a gift, only if you so wish.

(…)

He realizes that sometime the

simplest things are the most

important ones, that an even

small river can prevent people

from joining. It would be

enough to build a bridge… and

he becomes a bridge builder.

(...)

And now the Toni of the

beginning of the evening, the

measured one who seemed a

bit in the shadow, the one

IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management

Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)

31

without homeland, without

salary, who lives on the

hospitality of those communities

with whom he builds their

bridge, invisibly, is gone,

transformed into a giant full of

light, a great light, the one that

for him is the objective to

reach, moving ever farther

away from darkness and ever

pointing to the high. And we,

used to loud voices and loudly

trumpeted non-thoughts, to

chaos and confusion in place

of strong projects, find ourselves

in love with whom has chosen

the silence, the essential, the

lack of personal interest, the

doing, the acting, the building

of bridges, both real and

metaphorical ones.

We cannot but stand up and

offer him, through the sound of

clapping hands and beating

hearts, a thank you for what he

has whispered and transmitted

to us.

This period of the world is

characterized by more and more

walls, physical and metaphorical, that

in Toni’s view fall in the Dark and Fear

area of his personal coordinates: but

just one of his bridges is enough to

jump to the Love and Light quadrant.

Thank you, Toni, from all the persons in

the world who, without hidden

agendas, would just aim at a more

equal and just global society!

Short Biography

Toni Ruttimann is a

bridge-builder: since

1987 when he left his

home country,

Switzerland, to help the

populations in Ecuador

hit by a devastating

earthquake, he has devoted his life to

building bridges in disadvantaged

regions of the Earth, voluntarily, freely,

independently.

First in Latin America, then in South-

East Asia Toni has designed a

“system” that reduces a complex

sequence of activities to their

essential: the population needing the

bridge contributes the necessary

manpower and materials for the

foundations, such as cement, sand

and gravel, whereas Toni takes care

of the supply of pipes and ropes from

his friends around the world, plus

giving his technical expertise on site.

During the first 18 years in Latin

America the used pipes and ropes

were sourced from the oil industry, but

since 2005 the Italian-Argentinian

Group Tenaris is donating the pipes,

either new or used, for all the bridges

anywhere, while the Swiss cableways

provide their used wire ropes, when

replaced due to very high safety

standards, but still in excellent

conditions for bridge building.

In each country Toni sets up and trains

a minimal team of 4 local welders

and one bridge-builder colleague to

work with him, and who eventually

becomes responsible of future bridge

maintenance.

Together with his colleagues and the

interested populations, Toni has built

730 bridges, serving 2 million people

(data as of 31 March 2016).

IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management

Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)

32

Nick

Johns

Association for

Project

Management

(APM)

Volentieri pubblichiamo un articolo pervenutoci

dall’Association for Project Management (APM), come

contributo a seguito del Memorandum of Understanding

recentemente siglato con ANIMP, quale Member

Association di IPMA. Questo accordo è finalizzato alla

ricerca di opportunità di collaborazione nell’ambito delle

attività istituzionali che le due associazioni svolgono in

rapporto al project management e arriva a seguito di

una serie di incontri e contatti avuti negli scorsi mesi.

I campi di collaborazione sono piuttosto estesi, spaziando

dallo scambio di idee e best practice nella gestione dei

progetti in vari settori (anche al di fuori di quelli più

tradizionalmente coperti da Animp e IPMA Italy) allo

sviluppo di contatti con multinazionali operanti dei due

Paesi, dall’istituzione di Special Interest Group (SIG) alla

collaborazione con università ed enti di formazione, dallo

scambio di esperienze per lo sviluppo associativo alla

diffusione della cultura di gestione dei progetti.

L’accordo con APM, certamente una delle associazioni

più sviluppate a livello di singolo Paese nel panorama

internazionale, potrebbe essere di grande beneficio per

IPMA Italy. Tuttavia per dimostrarsi tale è necessario che si

manifesti tra gli aderenti (e non solo) alle due associazioni

un reale interesse attraverso la proposta di idee che

possano essere poi tradotte in progetti concreti. É questo

dunque l’invito che IPMA Italy rivolge a tutti i Soci e ai

lettori del Journal, con l’auspicio di raccogliere quei

benefici reciproci che sono nello spirito dell’accordo. Non

possiamo essere timidi in questo o, peggio ancora, tirarci

indietro!

APM: Enhancing the

industry through the

sharing of good

practice and

effective

dissemination of

knowledge

IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management

Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)

33

APM is delighted to be in discussions

with the Associazione Nazionale di

Impiantistica Industriale with a view to

exploring how together we can assist

multinational companies operating

across both the UK and Italy.

Together, both organisations hope to

enhance the development of project

managers and project management

activities which are taking place in

both countries.

APM has existed as Europe’s largest

professional body for the project

community for over 40 years.

At the core of APM’s existence sits a

dedication to supporting project

professionals at all levels and apply a

joined up approach to the

dissemination of knowledge, ensuring

every sector and industry has access

to the latest skills techniques and ways

of working.

Comprising of 22,000 members and

150,000 followers, APM’s reach and

influence lends itself to being at the

heart of the UK’s project profession

and is well versed in supporting and

developing projects and

organisations, both past and present.

Through a variety of channels

including Learning Legacies

partnerships, Special Interest Groups

and industry leading research, APM

strives to set a world class bench mark

for the profession to aspire to and as

an industry move closer to reaching

APM’s ambitious 2020 vision of a

“world where all projects succeed”.

By working with other professional

bodies and organisations including

Crossrail and the Olympic Delivery

Authority, the dissemination of

knowledge allows organisations to

learn from one another and benefit

from lessons learnt, challenges

overcome and also how success was

achieved in the most recent projects

taking place.

For those new to the profession, this

approach gives an instant insight into

the project world and a chance to

bolster their learning alongside formal

qualifications including the APM

Project Fundamental Qualification

(PFQ), APM Project Management

Qualification (APMP) and Project

Professional Qualification (PPQ).

For larger organisations and

corporate members being part of

APM and engaging with the various

programmes on offer allows them to

ensure their project managers are

continually evolving and applying the

latest ways of operating when they

approach their ongoing and future

projects.

Investment in initiatives such as these

has proven to deliver excellent return

on investment (ROI). Money spent on

their project team can be more than

recouped throughout the delivery of

the project and greater certainty of

project success first time.

The benefit of investing in people and

submerging your organisation in a

world class environment has a lasting

effect too. Experience of senior

project professionals is trickled back

down through to junior project

professionals thanks to mentoring and

effective leadership, all key skills

needed to become a Registered

Project Professional, creating a

pipeline of well-trained project

professionals within an organisation.

It is evident through results from APM’s

2016 Salary Survey and Market Trends

survey that our project managers are

continuing to reach out and work

across the globe thanks to new

benefits and opportunities on offer.

IPMA ITALY Journal of Applied Project Management

Volume 2 no. 3 (July 2016)

34

Over a quarter of respondents have

or will be working overseas in the near

future making partnerships such as

these vital in creating a world where

the standard and ways of working are

closely aligned.

It also allows us to meet growing

demands placed on our profession as

organisations continue expand across

a myriad of countries, demanding

world class project professionals to

follow with them and to sit at the helm

of their often vast investments.

Partnerships like this are the first step in

laying the foundation of a network to

supporting project professionals in

their quest to flourish across any

nation they operate in.