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IPM in Soybean Dr. Amar N. Sharma Principal Scientist (Entomology) Directorate of Soybean Research...
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Transcript of IPM in Soybean Dr. Amar N. Sharma Principal Scientist (Entomology) Directorate of Soybean Research...
IPM in SoybeanIPM in Soybean
Dr. Amar N. SharmaDr. Amar N. SharmaPrincipal Scientist (Entomology)
Directorate of Soybean Research (ICAR)Indore 452 001 (MP)
IPM !!!!!!!!!!!
Integrated Pest Management
Integrated use of all possible measures to keep insect-pest population
below ETL
Limitations in adoption of IPM
Lack of awareness
Easy access to chemical insecticides
Inadequate production of bio-control agents
Farmers’ economic status
Lack of incentives
Limited area under IPM
Then why IPM ?????
Insects Scientific name Activity duration
A. Foliage feeders:
Semiloopers
Chrysodeixis acuta (Wlk.)
Pre-bloom to podding
Diachrysia orichalcea (Fab.)
Pre-bloom to podding
Gessonia gemma Pre-bloom to podding
Mocis undata Fab. Pre-bloom to podding
Tobacco caterpillar Spodoptera litura (Fab.) Pre-bloom to podding
Gram pod borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.)
Pre-bloom to podding
Bihar hairy cater. Spilarctia obliqua (Wlk.) Pre-bloom to podding
Leaf folder Hedylepta indicata (Fab.) Pre-bloom to podding
Leaf miner Aproaerema modicella Dev. Seedling to pre-bloom
Blue beetle Cneorane sp. Seedling to pre-bloom
Major Insect-Pests of Soybean
Insects Scientific name Activity duration
B. Stem borers:
Stem fly Melanagromyza sojae (Zehnt.) Seedling to seed fill
Girdle beetle Obereopsis brevis (Swed.) Pre-bloom to seed fill
C. Pod borers:
Gram pod borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.)
Pod initiation to seed fill
Pink pod borer Cydia ptychora Meyrick Pod initiation to seed fill
D. Sap feeders:
White fly Bemisia tabaci Genn. Seedling to bloom
Green stinkbug Nezara viridula (Linn.)
Pod initiation to seed fill
Mealy bug Phenacoccus spp. Flowering
Damage Potential of InsectsDamage Potential of InsectsDamage Potential of InsectsDamage Potential of Insects
Leaf Miner : 40 - 60 %Leaf Folder : 8 - 9 %Stem Fly : 19 - 40 % Girdle Beetle : 58 %White Fly (YMV) : 80 %Green Semilooper : 46 %Bihar Hairy Caterpillar : 42 %Grey Weevil : 10 %Pod Borer : 95 % Pod damageAphids : 30 %
Leaf Miner : 40 - 60 %Leaf Folder : 8 - 9 %Stem Fly : 19 - 40 % Girdle Beetle : 58 %White Fly (YMV) : 80 %Green Semilooper : 46 %Bihar Hairy Caterpillar : 42 %Grey Weevil : 10 %Pod Borer : 95 % Pod damageAphids : 30 %
(AICRPS 2012 to 2014)
Yield loss v/s Damage levels v/s Crop stage
Leaf Damage due to
Defoliators
Crop stage Mean Loss (%)
1 week before
flowering
At 50 % flowering
1 week after
flowering20 % 5.5 9.5 18.8 11.340 % 18.0 17.6 24.1 19.960 % 22.1 24.3 27.4 24.6
Mean Loss (%) 15.2 17.1 23.4 18.6
Yield losses due to Defoliators
35 DAG35 DAG 42 DAG42 DAG 49 DAG49 DAG 56 DAG56 DAG
Levels of Infestation (%)
Yie
ld L
oss(
%)
% Yield Loss due to varying levels of Girdle beetle infestation at different crop
stages
Stem tunnelling
Mean
Up to 10 % 9.911 – 20 % 13.621 – 30 % 22.331 – 40 % 26.541 – 50 % 43.8
Mean 21.4
% Yield loss due to Stem fly
% Yield loss due to Pod borer
Pod damage(%) MeanUp to 10 5.711 - 20 10.921 - 30 17.431 - 40 23.841 - 50 30.8Mean 19.0
Insect Outbreaks
Damage due to Outbreak of S. litura
(Rajasthan, 1999)
Damage due to Outbreak of S. litura
(MP, 2003)
Damage due to Outbreak of S. litura
(Maharashtra- 2008)
Semilooper attack in Nagpur (2009)
Crop condition on 30th July 2009
Crop condition on 13th August 2009
Demonstrated Feasibility and
economics
Multi-location IPMModule 1:
•Recommended dose of fertilizers,
•Seed treatment with Rhizobium, PSB and Trichoderma,
•Bird-perches
•Pheromone traps
•Removal of girdle beetle, Spodoptera and D. obliqua
infested plants/plant parts,
•Foliar application of Bt or B. bassiana @ 1.0 kg/ha, and
•Need based application of chemical insecticides
Module 2:
•Recommended dose of fertilizer,
•Seed treatment with Rhizobium, PSB and Trichoderma,
•Spray of Ha NPV or Sl NPV @ 250 LE/ha,
•Spray of N. rileyi or Bt @ 1.0 l/ha,
•Spray of NSKE @ 5%,
•Need based application of chemical insecticides
Measures to reduce insect infestation
Deep summer ploughing
Selection of proper variety
Balanced nutrition
Proper seed rate & spacing
Use of Improved Light Traps
Use of Pheromone Traps
Bird perches
Management of Soybean insect-pestsRemoval of infested plants
Use of Microbial insecticidesBt based: Dipel, Biobit, Halt, Delfin @ 1.0 kg/ha, or
Bb based: Biorin, Biosoft, Larvocel, Dispel @ 1.0 kg/ha, or
Virus based: HaNPV / SlNPV @ 250 LE/ha
4.17
2.78
1.331.451.67
14.33
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Control Delfin Biolep Dipel Bioasp Biobit
4.17
2.78
1.331.451.67
14.33
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Control Delfin Biolep Dipel Bioasp Biobit
Comparative Performance of B.t. Formulations
L
arva
e /
mrl
(Mea
n 1
0 D
AT
)
Average Larval Population on 1 DBT = 13.90 /mrl
0.84
1.22 1.22
1.54
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
B.t. +Triazophos
B.t. + 1/2Triazophos
Triazophosalone
B.t. alone
Overall Performance of B.t. Formulations
La
rva
e /
mrl
Average Larval Population on 1 DBT = 9.13 / mrlAverage Larval Population in Control = 11.96 / mrl
Compatibility of Bt with Chemical Insecticides
Bt based microbial insecticides are compatible with chemical insecticides like – Monocrotophos, Thiamethoxam, Methomyl and Lufenuron,
And with fungicides like – Carbendazim, Thiophenate methyl and Triadimefon
Mixture of Bt and Monocrotophos is also compatible with Carbendazim and Thiophenate methyl
Exploitation of Natural Enemies
Natural enemies Host insect Potential
Parasitoids (Appanteles, Trichogramma, Brachymeria, Bracon, Sturmia spp.)
C. acuta, D. orichalcea, S. litura, H. armigera
5 to 30 % larval mortality
Predators (Cantheconidia furcellata, Chrysoperla carnea)
C. acuta, D. orichalcea, S. Litura
10 to 12 % larval predation
Insect Pathogens (B. bassiana. N. rileyi, Bt & NPV)
C. acuta, D. orichalcea, S. litura, H. armigera
15 to 100 % larval mortality
Potential of Natural Enemies
Larval mortality due to bio-control agents
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Aug1st
Aug2nd
Aug3rd
Aug4th
Sept1st
Sept2nd
Sept3rd
Sept4th
Weeks
% M
orta
lity Pathogens
Parasites
Success Stories in biological control• Papaya mealy bug (Paracoccus marginatus)
control through Acerophagus papayae)
• Sugarcane woolly aphid (Ceratovacuna lanigera) control through predators (Dipha aphidivora or Micromus igorotus)
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs)
Symbiotic bacteria associated with EPNs:
Xenorhabdus sp. with Steinernematids,
Photorhabdus sp. with Heterorhabditids
Field evaluation of EPNs (NBAII Strains)
Use of Chitin inhibitors
Diflubenzuron 25 WP @ 400-600 g/ha, or
Lufenuron 10 EC @ 300-400 ml/ha
Acacia arabica (leaves & seeds)
Annona squamosa (leaves & seeds)
Datura stramonium (leaves & seeds)
Eucalyptus globulus (leaves)
Ipomoea carnea (leaves)
Lantana camara (leaves)
Nicotiana tabacum (leaves)
Pongamia pinnata (leaves)
1. Bio-efficacy :
Aqueous extract
@ 25, 50, 75 and 100%
Ethanol extract
@ 5, 7.5 and 10 %
2. Preference Index
3. Compatibility &
Synergism
4. Utilization Indices
5. Mode of Action
Use of Botanicals
Stomach Poisons :Lantana leaves
Nicotiana leavesPongamia leaves
Acacia seed Annona seed Datura seed
Contact Poisons :Annona leavesIpomoea leaves
Contact and Stomach Poisons :Acacia leavesDatura leaves
Eucalyptus leaves
Mv
Itg
Itg
Pm
MEL
Use of Chemical insecticides
• Judicious / Need based
• Recommended insecticides
• With proper dose and dilution
• Careful and safe application
• Proper Time of application
ETL of some major Insect-PestsETL of some major Insect-Pests
Blue beetle : 4 adults / mrl upto 10 DAG .
Green semilooper : 3 larvae / mrl at flowering, or
4 larvae / mrl at podding.
Tobacco caterpillar : 10 larvae / mrl at pre-flowering .
Pod borer : 10 larvae / mrl at pod development .
Leaf folder : 8-9 folded leaves / mrl .
Stem fly : 26 per cent stem tunnelling .
Blue beetle : 4 adults / mrl upto 10 DAG .
Green semilooper : 3 larvae / mrl at flowering, or
4 larvae / mrl at podding.
Tobacco caterpillar : 10 larvae / mrl at pre-flowering .
Pod borer : 10 larvae / mrl at pod development .
Leaf folder : 8-9 folded leaves / mrl .
Stem fly : 26 per cent stem tunnelling .
Recommended Insecticides and precautions
Selection of suitable insecticide
For Red Spider Mite
Ethion 50 EC @ 1.5 l/ha
Insect(s)
Weed(s) Combination
Stem fly Monocot + DicotMonocot
1. Rynaxypyr + Imazethapyr2. Rynaxypyr + Quizalofop Ethyl
Semi-loopers
Monocot + DicotMonocotMonocot + Dicot
1. Rynaxypyr + Imazethapyr2. Rynaxypyr + Quizalofop Ethyl3. Indoxacarb + Imazethapyr
S. litura Monocot + DicotMonocot + DicotMonocot
1. Rynaxypyr + Imazethapyr2. Quinalphos + Imazethapyr3. Quinalphos + Quizalofop Ethyl
Girdle beetle
Monocot + DicotMonocot + Dicot
1. Rynaxypyr + Imazethapyr2. Indoxacarb + Imazethapyr
Compatible combinations of Insecticides and Herbicides for effective management of major insects and weeds
in Soybean
Proper dilution of insecticide
Proper Spray time
Protective clothing
Proper spray equipment
कि�सा�न �� सा�झबू�झ
FEASIBILITY OF PLANT EXTRACTS
Stock solution : 0.2 kg in 1 lit to give 100 % stock soln.
With Power sprayer – For 100 % conc. – 24.0 kg crushed in 120 lit of waterFor 75 % conc. – 18.0 kg crushed in 120 lit of waterFor 50 % conc. – 12.0 kg crushed in 120 lit of waterFor 25 % conc. – 6.0 kg crushed in 120 lit of water