INTERNET PROTOCOL VERSION 6 AND

VERSION4

Presented by:-

Mohd Nazir Shakeel

CLASSFUL ADDRESSING

When IP was first standardized, each system attached to the

IP based Internet had to be assigned a unique 32-bit address

The 32-bit IP addressing scheme involves a two level

addressing hierarchy

Network Number Host Number

CLASSFUL ADDRESSING…

Divided into 5 classes

TECHNIQUES TO REDUCE ADDRESS

SHORTAGE IN IPV4

Subnetting

Classless Inter Domain Routing (CIDR)

Network Address Translation (NAT)

SUBNETTING

Three-level hierarchy: network, subnet, and

host.

The extended-network-prefix is composed of

the classful network-prefix and the subnet-

number

The extended-network-prefix has traditionally

been identified by the subnet mask

Network-Prefix Subnet-Number Host-Number

SUBNETTING EXAMPLE

InternetG

H1 H2

H3 H4

Subnet mask 255.255.255.0

All traffic

to 128.10.0.0

128.10.1.1 128.10.1.2

128.10.2.1 128.10.2.2

Sub-network 128.10.1.0

Sub-network 128.10.2.0

Net mask 255.255.0.0

CLASSLESS INTER-DOMAIN ROUTING

Eliminates traditional classful IP routing.

Routing information is advertised with a bit mask/prefix

length specifies the number of leftmost contiguous

bits in the network portion of each routing table entry

Example: 192.168.0.0/21

IPv4 CIDR

IP/CIDR Δ to last IP addr Mask Hosts (*)

a.b.c.d/32 +0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 1

a.b.c.d/31 +0.0.0.1 255.255.255.254 2

a.b.c.d/30 +0.0.0.3 255.255.255.252 4

a.b.c.d/29 +0.0.0.7 255.255.255.248 8

a.b.c.d/28 +0.0.0.15 255.255.255.240 16

a.b.c.d/27 +0.0.0.31 255.255.255.224 32

a.b.c.d/26 +0.0.0.63 255.255.255.192 64

a.b.c.d/25 +0.0.0.127 255.255.255.128 128

a.b.c.0/24 +0.0.0.255 255.255.255.000 256

a.b.c.0/23 +0.0.1.255 255.255.254.000 512

a.b.c.0/22 +0.0.3.255 255.255.252.000 1,024

Network address Translation

In computer networking , network address

translation (NAT) is the process of modifying

network address.

Network Address Translation allows a single

device, such as a router, to act as agent between

the Internet (or "public network") and a local (or

"private") network.

This means that only a single unique IP address

is required to represent an entire group of

computers to anything outside their network.

TYPES OF NAT OF NAT

Static NAT-utilizes Source IP addresses and

maps them to outside Internet IP

addresses. This is also called 1to 1

translation.

Dynamic NAT-Maps an unregistered IP

address to a registered IP address from a

group of registered IP addresses.

-This is also called Many to 1 translation

FEATURES OF IPV6

Larger Address Space

Efficient and Extensible IP datagram

Stateless Address Autoconfiguration

Security (IPsec mandatory)

Mobility

128-bit IPv6 Address

3FFE:085B:1F1F:0000:0000:0000:00A9:1234

8 groups of 16-bit hexadecimal numbers separated by “:”

3FFE:85B:1F1F::A9:1234

:: = all zeros in one or more group of 16-bit hexadecimal numbers

Leading zeros can be removed

40

bytes

20

bytes

IPv4

IPv6

0 15 16 31

vers IHL TOS total length

identification flags flag-offset

TTL protocol header checksum

source IP address

destination IP address

options and padding

vers traffic class flow-label

payload length next header hop limit

source address

destination address

Removed (6)

• ID, flags, flag offset

• TOS, IHL

• header checksum

Changed (3)

Added (2)

Expanded

• total length => payload

• protocol => next header

• TTL => hop limit

• traffic class

• flow label

• address 32 to 128 bits

Header comparison

TYPES OF IPV6 ADDRESS

TRANSITION FROM IPV4 TO IPV6

Dual Node.

Tunneling.

Header translation.

IPV4 AND IPV6 IPv4

32 bits address generally

denoted by decimal dot

structure(10.89.40.240)

Private and public I.P.’s

Total number of user 2^32.

(4294967296)

IPv6

128 bits address represented

by hexdecimal colon structure

(FE80:AB020:0000:0000:0000:

0000:0000:0000)

Link local, unique local and

global I.P.

Total number of user 2^128

address.

2^128= 2^96*2^32

THANK YOU

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