Ip Routing Iiprbas001

7/18/2019 Ip Routing Iiprbas001

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CETTM MTNL

1IP Routing

IP ROUTING

MODULE ID: IIPRBAS001



CETTM MTNL

2IP Routing

Topics Covee!

1" B#sic outing concepts

$" Routing #n! Route! Potoco%s

&" St#tic Routing

'" De(#u%t Routing

)" D*n#+ic Routing

," Routing In(o+#tion Potoco%



CETTM MTNL

3IP Routing

Routing - Route! Potoco%s

✔ IP outing is t.e pocess o( +oving p#c/ets (o+ oneneto/ to #not.e neto/ using outes"

✔ A outing potoco% is use! * outes to

●

!*n#+ic#%%* (in! #%% t.e neto/s in t.e inteneto/● ensue t.#t #%% outes .#ve t.e s#+e outing t#%e"

✔ E2#+p%es o( outing potoco%s #e RIP3 IGRP3 EIGRP3#n! OSP4"

✔ A oute! potoco% c#n e use! to sen! use !#t#

5p#c/ets6 t.oug. t.e est#%is.e! %in/"✔ E2#+p%es o( oute! potoco%s #e IP #n! IP7"



CETTM MTNL

4IP Routing

Routing B#sics

✔ T.e oute %e#ns #out e+ote neto/s (o+neig.o outes o (o+ #n #!+inist#to"

✔ T.e oute ui%!s # outing t#%e t.#t !escies .oto (in! t.e e+ote neto/s"

✔ Route /nos .o to get to !iect%* connecte!neto/s

✔ I( # neto/ isn8t connecte!3 t.e oute +ust %e#n.o to get to t.e e+ote neto/ in to #*s:● St#tic outing3

● D*n#+ic outing"● De(#u%t outing



CETTM MTNL

5IP Routing

Routing #coss t.e G%oe



CETTM MTNL

6IP Routing

T.e IP Routing Pocess



CETTM MTNL

7IP Routing

A si+p%e outing e2#+p%e



CETTM MTNL

8IP Routing

IP outing e2#+p%e



CETTM MTNL

9TCP9IP

IP outing e2#+p%e

1" T.e !estin#tion #!!ess o( # (#+e3 (o+ ostA3 i%% et.e MAC #!!ess o( t.e 40;0 inte(#ce o( t.e RouteAoute"

$" T.e !estin#tion #!!ess o( # p#c/et i%% e t.e IP#!!ess o( t.e neto/ inte(#ce c#! 5NIC6 o( t.eTTP seve"

&" T.e !estin#tion pot nu+e in t.e seg+ent .e#!e i%%

.#ve # v#%ue o( <0"



CETTM MTNL

10IP Routing

IP outing e2#+p%e $



CETTM MTNL

11IP Routing

1" T.e !estin#tion #!!ess o( # (#+e3 (o+ ostA3 i%% et.e MAC #!!ess o( t.e 40;0 inte(#ce o( t.e RouteAoute"

$" T.e !estin#tion #!!ess o( # p#c/et i%% e t.e IP

#!!ess o( t.e neto/ inte(#ce c#! 5NIC6 o( t.eTTPS seve"

&" T.e !estin#tion pot nu+e in t.e seg+ent .e#!e i%%.#ve # v#%ue o( ''&"

T.e !estin#tion MAC #!!ess i%% #%#*s e t.e oute8sinte(#ce=i( t.e p#c/ets #e !estine! (o outsi!e t.e LAN

IP outing e2#+p%e $



CETTM MTNL

12IP Routing

St#tic Routing A!v#nt#ges

St#tic outing occus .en outes #e +#nu#%%* #!!e!in e#c. oute8s outing t#%e"St#tic outing ene(its:✔ T.ee is no ove.e#! on t.e oute CPU3 .ic.

+e#ns possi%* # c.e#pe oute c#n e oug.tt.#n i( !*n#+ic outing is use!"

✔ T.ee is no #n!i!t. us#ge eteen outes3 t.uss#ving +one* on #n %in/s

✔ It #!!s secuit*3 ec#use t.e #!+inist#to c#n

c.oose to #%%o outing #ccess to cet#in neto/son%*"



CETTM MTNL

13IP Routing

St#tic Routing !is#!v#nt#ges

St#tic outing !is#!v#nt#ges:✔ T.e #!+inist#to +ust e#%%* un!est#n! t.e

inteneto/ #n! .o e#c. oute is connecte!✔ I( # neto/ is #!!e! to t.e inteneto/3 t.e

#!+inist#to .#s to #!! # oute to it on #%% outes=* .#n!"

✔ It8s not (e#si%e in %#ge neto/s



CETTM MTNL

14IP Routing

St#tic Routing

Co++#n! s*nt#2 use! to #!! # st#tic oute to # outingt#%e:

ip route [destination_network] [mask] [next-hop_address or exitinterface][administrative_distance] [permanent]



CETTM MTNL

15IP Routing

St#tic Routing E2#+p%e

Router(config)#ip route 17!1"!!$ %%!%%!%%!$1&!1"'!! 1%$

✔ T.e 1)0 #t t.e en! c.#nges t.e !e(#u%t#!+inist#tive !ist#nce 5AD6 o( 1 to 1)0"

✔ T.e AD is t.e tustot.iness o( # oute3 .ee 0 isest #n! $)) is ost"



CETTM MTNL

16IP Routing

De(#u%t Routing

✔ De(#u%t outing is use! to sen! p#c/ets it. # e+ote!estin#tion neto/ not in t.e outing t#%e to t.ene2t9.op oute"

✔ De(#u%t outing c#n on%* e use! on stu neto/s=t.ose it. on%* one e2it p#t. out o( t.e neto/"

✔ A !e(#u%t oute is # st#tic oute t.#t uses i%!c#!s

inste#! o( neto/ #n! +#s/ in(o+#tion"



CETTM MTNL

17IP Routing

De(#u%t Routing

T.ee so%utions 5#%% povi!ing t.e s#+e so%ution6 (o#!!ing # g#te#* o( %#st esot on t.e g#te#* oute to

t.e ISP"

atewa*(config)#ip route $!$!$!$ $!$!$!$ 17!1!"!1

atewa*(config)#ip route $!$!$!$ $!$!$!$ s$+$

atewa*(config)#ip defau,t-network 17!1!"!$



CETTM MTNL

18IP Routing

De(#u%t Routing



CETTM MTNL

19IP Routing

D*n#+ic Routing

✔ D*n#+ic outing is .en potoco%s #e use! to (in!

neto/s #n! up!#te outing t#%es on outes"

✔ T.is is e#sie t.#n using st#tic o !e(#u%t outing3 utit costs +oe in te+s o( oute CPU pocesses #n!

#n!i!t. on t.e neto/ %in/s"



CETTM MTNL

20IP Routing

Routing Potoco%s

✔ IP outing is t.e pocess o( +oving p#c/ets (o+

one neto/ to #not.e neto/ using outes"

✔ A outing potoco% is use! * outes to

● !*n#+ic#%%* (in! #%% t.e neto/s in t.e inteneto/

● ensue t.#t #%% outes .#ve t.e s#+e outing t#%e"

✔ E2#+p%es o( outing potoco%s #e RIP3 IGRP3

EIGRP3 IS9IS3OSP43BGP etc"



CETTM MTNL

21IP Routing

C%#ssi(ic#tion o( Routing Potoco%s

T.ee #e t.ee c%#sses o( outing potoco%s:✔ Dist#nce vecto ● T.e !ist#nce9vecto potoco%s (in! t.e est p#t. to #

e+ote neto/ * >u!ging !ist#nce .ic. is t.e no" o(.ops" Bot. RIP #n! IGRP #e !ist#nce9vecto outingpotoco%s" T.e* sen! t.e entie outing t#%e to !iect%*connecte! neig.os"

✔ Lin/ st#te● A%so c#%%e! #s s.otest9p#t.9(ist potoco%s3 t.e outes

e#c. ce#te t.ee sep##te t#%es" OSP4 is #n IP outingpotoco% t.#t is co+p%ete%* %in/ st#te"

✔ *i!● *i! potoco%s use #spects o( ot. !ist#nce vecto #n!

%in/ st#te=(o e2#+p%e3 EIGRP"



CETTM MTNL

22IP Routing

Routing Potoco% T*pes

✔ T.ee #e to t*pes o( outing potoco%s use! ininteneto/s:● Inteio G#te#* Potoco%s 5IGPs6 Eg"

RIP3EIGRP3OSP4

● E2teio G#te#* Potoco%s 5EGPs6Eg" BGP

✔ IGPs #e use! to e2c.#nge outing in(o+#tion it.outes in t.e s#+e #utono+ous s*ste+ 5AS6"

✔ An AS is # co%%ection o( neto/s un!e # co++on#!+inist#tive !o+#in3 .ic. +e#ns t.#t #%% outes

s.#ing t.e s#+e outing t#%e in(o+#tion #e in t.es#+e AS"✔ EGPs #e use! to co++unic#te eteen ASes"



CETTM MTNL

23LAN

A!+inist#tive Dist#nces

✔ T.e administrative distance 5AD6 is use! to #te t.etustot.iness o( outing in(o+#tion eceive! on #oute (o+ # neig.o oute"

✔ An #!+inist#tive !ist#nce is #n intege (o+ 0 to $))3

.ee 0 is t.e +ost tuste! #n! $)) +e#ns no t#((ic i%%e p#sse! vi# t.is oute"

✔ I( # oute eceives to up!#tes %isting t.e s#+e e+oteneto/3 t.e (ist t.ing t.e oute c.ec/s is t.e AD"

✔ I( one o( t.e #!vetise! outes .#s # %oe AD t.#n t.e

ot.e3 t.en t.e oute it. t.e %oest AD i%% e p%#ce! int.e outing t#%e"



CETTM MTNL

24IP Routing

A!+inist#tive Dist#nces9 Cont!

✔ I( ot. #!vetise! outes to t.e s#+e neto/ .#ve t.es#+e AD3 t.en outing potoco% +etics i%% e use! to(in! t.e est p#t. to t.e e+ote neto/"

✔ T.e #!vetise! oute it. t.e %oest +etic i%% ep%#ce! in t.e outing t#%e"

✔ But i( ot. #!vetise! outes .#ve t.e s#+e AD #s e%%#s t.e s#+e +etics3 t.en t.e outing potoco% i%%

%o#!9#%#nce to t.e e+ote neto/



CETTM MTNL

25IP Routing

De(#u%t A!+inist#tive Dist#nces

Connecte! Inte(#ce 0

St#tic Route 1

EIGRP ?0

IGRP 100OSP4 110

RIP 1$0

E2ten#% EIGRP 1@0

Un/non $))



CETTM MTNL

26IP Routing

Routing In(o+#tion Potoco% 5RIP6

✔ A tue !ist#nce9vecto outing potoco%✔ Sen!s t.e co+p%ete outing t#%e out to #%% #ctive

inte(#ces eve* &0 secon!s 5Peio!ic o#!c#st6✔ On%* uses .op count to !ete+ine t.e est #* to

# e+ote neto/✔ #s # +#2i+u+ #%%o#%e .op count o( 1) *

!e(#u%t3 +e#ning t.#t 1, is !ee+e! une#c.#%e✔ o/s e%% in s+#%% neto/s3 ut it8s ine((icient on

%#ge neto/s it. s%o AN %in/s o onneto/s it. # %#ge nu+e o( outes inst#%%e!



CETTM MTNL

27IP Routing

✔ RIP vesion 1 uses on%* c%#ss(u% outing3 .ic.+e#ns t.#t #%% !evices in t.e neto/ +ust use t.es#+e sunet +#s/"

✔ RIP vesion 1 !oesn8t sen! up!#tes it. sunet+#s/ in(o+#tion in to"

✔ RIP vesion $ povi!es pe(i2 outing3 #n! !oessen! sunet +#s/ in(o+#tion it. t.e outeup!#tes" T.is is c#%%e! c%#ss%ess outing"

Routing In(o+#tion Potoco% 5RIP6



CETTM MTNL

28IP Routing

RIP Ti+es

RIP uses (ou !i((eent /in!s o( ti+es to egu%#te its

pe(o+#nce:● Route up!#te ti+e

● Route inv#%i! ti+e

● o%!!on ti+e

● Route (%us. ti+e



CETTM MTNL

29IP Routing

o%!ing Don RIP Pop#g#tions

✔ T.ee #e # (e !i((eent #*s to stop un#nte! RIP

up!#tes (o+ pop#g#ting #coss LANs #n! ANs"

✔ T.e e#siest one is t.oug. t.e p#ssive9inte(#ce

co++#n!"

✔ T.is co++#n! pevents RIP up!#te o#!c#sts (o+

eing sent out # !e(ine! inte(#ce3 ut t.#t s#+e

inte(#ce c#n sti%% eceive RIP up!#tes"



CETTM MTNL

30IP Routing

Sp%it oion

T.is +et.o! pevents #ccept#nce o( #n* oute

#!vetise+ents on t.e inte(#ce (o+ .ee t.e

s#+e oute is #!vetise! initi#%%*

Route Poisoning

An* une#c.#%e oute is #!vetise! it. # .op

count o( 1, 5 T.e +#2i+u+ .op count (o RIPeing1)6

T.is #!vetise+ent is #c/no%e!ge! * t.e

ecipient * Poison Revese



CETTM MTNL

31LAN

Loop Avoi!#nce Met.o!s

✔ Sp%it oion● T.is +et.o! pevents #ccept#nce o( #n* oute

#!vetise+ents on t.e inte(#ce (o+ .ee t.e s#+e

oute is #!vetise! initi#%%*✔ Route Poisoning

● An* une#c.#%e oute is #!vetise! it. # .op count o(1, 5 T.e +#2i+u+ .op count (o RIP eing1)6

● T.is #!vetise+ent is #c/no%e!ge! * t.e ecipient *

Poison Revese



CETTM MTNL

32IP Routing

RIP esion $ 5RIPv$6

✔ Bot. RIPv1 #n! RIPv$ #e !ist#nce9vecto potoco%s3 9

oute unning RIP sen!s its co+p%ete outing t#%esout #%% #ctive inte(#ces #t peio!ic ti+e intev#%s

✔ A%so3 t.e ti+es #n! %oop9#voi!#nce sc.e+es #e t.es#+e in ot. RIP vesions=i"e"3 .o%!!on ti+es #n!sp%it .oion u%e

✔ RIPv$ is consi!ee! c%#ss%ess ec#use sunetin(o+#tion is sent it. e#c. oute up!#te63 #n! ot.RIPv1 - v$ .#ve t.e s#+e #!+inist#tive !ist#nce51$06

✔

RIPv$ +oe sc#%#%e t.#n RIPv1✔ RIP is #n open st#n!#!3 #n! c#n e use! it. #n*#n! o( oute

✔ RIP euies too +uc. #n!i!t.



CETTM MTNL

33IP Routing

RIPv1 vs" RIPv$

RIP v1 RIP v2

Dist#nce ecto Dist#nce ecto

M#2i+u+ .op count 1) M#2i+u+ .op count 1)

C%#ss(u% C%#ss%ess

No suppot (o LSM Suppots LSM

No suppot (o !iscontiguousneto/s

Suppots !iscontiguousneto/s

Routing up!#tes * peio!ic

o#!c#sts 5&0 sec6

Routing up!#tes * peio!ic

+u%tic#st $$'"0"0"?

No #ut.entic#tion Suppots #ut.entic#tion



CETTM MTNL

34IP Routing

Su++#*

1" B#sic outing concepts$" Routing #n! Route! Potoco%s&" St#tic Routing A!v#nt#ges #n! !is#!v#nt#ges

'" De(#u%t Routing)" D*n#+ic Routing," Routing potoco%s t*pes - C%#ssi(ic#tion@" A!+inist#tive Dist#nce

<" RIP vesion 1 - $



CETTM MTNL

35LAN

Re(eences

URLs:● .ttp:;;cisco"co+

●

.ttp:;;en"i/ipe!i#"og

Boo/s:● Inteneto/ing Tec.no%og* #n!oo/F * Cisco Pess

● CCNA Stu!* Gui!eF * To!! L#++%e

http://en.wikipedia.org/

http://en.wikipedia.org/

Ip Routing Iiprbas001

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