“Iowa 4-H Food Safety and Quality Assurance Program” - FSQA -
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Transcript of “Iowa 4-H Food Safety and Quality Assurance Program” - FSQA -
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“Iowa 4-H Food Safety and Quality Assurance Program”
- FSQA -
Larry K. McMullenISU Extension Swine Field Specialist
Jones County Extension Office
Anamosa, Iowa
(319) 462-2791
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Iowa 4-H Food Safety and Quality Assurance Program
Good Production Practices
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Which cow would you select to produce the milk that you drink ?
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Which steer for your “Mickey D” ?
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Which pig for your pork ?
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Which animal for your lamb, poultry, and rabbit consumption?
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Food Safety – Results in a Delicious Treat !
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FSQA – Livestock SpeciesAll 4-H / FFA members who exhibit the
following species need to be FSQA Certified Beef Bucket-Bottle Calves Dairy Cattle Goats (Dairy & Meat) Poultry (Chicken, Turkey, Duck, Geese, etc) Rabbits Sheep Swine
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Iowa 4-H Food Safety and Quality Assurance Program
Approximately 17 million pounds of meat are produced by Iowa 4-H’ers each year. Less than 1% of total production.
Reputation of the 4-H program. 4-H’ers need to be responsible to the
consumer and the food industry. Industry requirements must be met and maintained.
Many 4-H’ers are further away from traditional food animal production.
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Who is responsible for SAFE FOOD ?
All livestock producers, handlers, processors, food suppliers and consumers.
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Partners in SAFE FOOD
Farm Transport MarketFarm
Preharvest
Slaughter Processing
Harvest
Retail andDistribution
FoodServices
Consumers• Home• Institutions• Restaurants
Postharvest
Food Supply Continuum
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Food and Drug Administration • Regulates medicated animal feed and most health products• Approves products and sets tolerance levels for antimicrobials
Current Regulatory AgenciesCurrent Regulatory Agencies
• Sets tolerance levels for pesticides used in animal production
Food Safety and Inspection Service•Inspects carcasses in Federally inspected packing plants•Examines plant sanitation•Approves plant sanitation
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Handout – “Producing Safe Foods Includes No Residue in Show Animals.
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HACCP and Food SafetyHACCP and Food Safety
A system used in meat packing plants to prevent food safety problems
Regulated by the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS)
HHazardazard AAnalysis nalysis andand
CCriticalritical CControl ontrol PPointsoints
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HACCPIdentify potential hazards
(risks)Identify critical control points
(where it might happen)Set a critical limit (maximum
allowable level)Monitor the processPlan corrective actionKeep accurate recordsReview the process regularly
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HACCP and Food Safety
* Microbial contamination• Bacteria, virus, protozoa,
* Chemical hazards Antimicrobial and chemical tissue residues
* Physical hazards Broken needles or metal
Hazards can be identified as:Hazards can be identified as:
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HACCP and 4-H?
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control
Points
(HACCP)
Iowa 4-H Food Safety and Quality
Assurance Program
(FSQA)
Food Industry
4-H food producers
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4-H’ers Responsibilities
Understand and follow the seven Good Production Practices
Produce safe food products for consumers
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Good Production Practices1. Keep accurate records
2. Veterinary Client Patient Relationship
3. Healthy production practices
4. Proper care and handling
5. Provide adequate and safe feed
6. Biosecurity and Animal Welfare
7. Exhibit strong character traits (ethics)
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FSQA Training Options
Juniors – Ages 9 -11 must attended every year. Intermediates – Ages 12 – 14 (January 1) May
attend an FSQA session every year or they may test out until they reach a 4-H senior level at age 15.
Seniors – Ages 15 -18 (January 1) May attend an FSQA session every year or they may test out. At the age of 19 they must obtain an adult status with PQA or BQA.
Check with your county extension office for other specific requirements !
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Testing Out of FSQA
Intermediates and Seniors may test out of attending yearly FSQA sessions.
To do so – they must take a 20 (I) or 30 (S) question exam and receive a 70% passing score.
At one setting, they may take a different exam 3 times if necessary to pass.
Check with your county extension office for the testing dates / times and for any specific requirements for testing out.
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Resources Iowa 4-H Food Safety &
Quality Assurance Member Manual
Iowa 4-H Food Safety & Quality Assurance Web site http://www.extension.iastate.edu/4H/Agriculture/volunteers.htm
PQA Level III Iowa BQA Manual4-H Project Manuals
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GPP’s In Depth – 2007
GPP 5 – Adequate and Safe Feed
GPP 6 – Biosecurity and Animal Welfare
GPP 7 – Ethics
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Adequate and Safe Feed
GPP #5
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Feeding Program
Goal ---Most economical conversion of nutrients into lean (muscle) tissue growth or milk production while maintaining animal well-being and increasing the quality of the animal as well as protecting the surrounding environment
Needs ---Quality IngredientsProper FormulationQuality Manufacturing … limiting unnecessary ingredients
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What Impacts Nutrition?What Impacts Nutrition?
Age / WeightAge / WeightGeneticsGenetics
DiseaseDisease
GenderGender NutrientNutrientRequirementRequirement
VariationVariation
Thermal Thermal ClimateClimate
Social ClimateSocial Climate
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Digestive SystemsMonogastric (Simple Stomach)
Consumes diets high in energy & low in fiber – ex: cereal grains (corn, barley, oats, wheat) and high protein sources such as soybean meal, fish meal, etc.
Ruminant (Four compartments to the Stomach) Consumes diets low in energy and high in
fiber – ex: Forages such as pasture, hay, corn and alfalfa silage, etc.
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Handout – “Digestive Tract of Farm Animals”
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Monogastric Monogastric Monogastric RuminantsSwine Poultry Rabbit & Horse Beef & Dairy Cattle,
Sheep and Goats
Mouth Mouth Mouth Mouth
Esophagus Esophagus Esophagus Esophagus
Crop
Stomach Stomach Stomach RumenReticulumOmasumAbomasum
Small Intestine Small Intestine Small Intestine Small Intestine
Cecum Ceca Cecum (enlarged) Cecum
Colon Colon
Large Intestine Large Intestine Large Intestine Large Intestine
Anus Cloaca Anus Anus
Digestive Systems
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Chicken Beak
EsophagusCrop (2”)
Small Intestine (55”)
Proventriculus
Gizzard (2”)Pancreas
Ceca (7”)
Large Intestine (4”)Cloaca
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Ruminant Digestion: assisted by microbes in four-chambered stomach
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Cow_________________________________________
Small intestine(150’, 16 gal)
Abomasum(glandular)
(5 gal)
Omasum (4 gal)
Cecum(3’, 3 gal)
Esophagus
Mouth
Rumen (paunch)(43 gal)
Reticulum(honeycomb)
(2.5 gal)
Large intestine (33’, 8 gal)
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Pig_________________________________________
Large Intestine (16’, 2 gal)
Cecum (10”, 0.5 gal)
Small intestine (60’, 2.5 gal)
Stomach(2 gal)
EsophagusMouth
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Capacity of Digestive TractsHuman Pig Horse Sheep Cattle
BW, lb 165 400 1000 175 1275
Rumen, Reticulum
Omasum
Abomasum
Total stomach. Qt.
…
…
1
1
…
…
9
9
…
…
9
9
18
1
2
21
133
21
16
170
Small intestine
Cecum
Large intestine
Total GI – Quarts
Total GI - Gallons
4
…
1
6
1.5
10
1
10
30
7.5
29
15
43
96
24
6
1
3
31
7.75
69
11
27
277
69
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Balanced DietEnergy Protein MineralsVitaminsFatWater
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Adequate and Safe Feed
Read and retain feed labelsUnderstand the nutrient needs of the
animalProvide a balanced rationEnsure feed quality and safety
Follow Good Manufacturing Practices
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Adequate and Safe Feed Feed labels must contain… Brand and/or product name Intended species and production phase Medicated Guaranteed Analysis Ingredients Feeding Directions or Mixing Directions Warning or Caution Manufacturer’s name and address Net Weight
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Handout – “Feed Tag Information”
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Nutrients in a diet
• Energy (Carbohydrates & Essential Fatty Acids)Corn, Barley, Wheat, Cereal by-products, Fat
• Protein & Amino AcidsSoybean Meal, Fish Meal, Grains, etc.
• MineralsLimestone, Dicalcium Phosphorus, Iron, Zinc, etc.
• VitaminsVitamin A, D, E Riboflavin, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid
• Water
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Ingredients• Free of molds and mycotoxins
• High Quality ..
and no contamination
• Proper nutrient contentIf not – reformulate diets
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Livestock Water Requirements
The most important nutrient that you can give to your animal
Water constitutes ~ 60 -70 % of an animal’s live weight
An animal can live ~ 45 – 60 days without food but only ~ 3 – 7 days without water
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Relationship between Water and FeedWater quality and quantity will affect feed
consumption and animal healthTherefore, if you want maximum gain or
production from your animals water quality and quantity must be considered.
Think about the Derby contests ! Milk production ! Animal growth for the fair!
Are you monitoring your water supply? Has it been tested !
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Feed AdditivesAntibacterial agents
Medications used to improve health and performance
FDA approved Antibiotics
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Feed AdditivesGrowth modulators
Compound that alters nutrient use in animal Ractopamine hydrochloride (Elanco Animal
Health) sends energy into muscle growth instead of fat• PAYLEAN - Swine• OPTAFLEXX- Cattle
Probiotics Living bacteria or yeast to enhance digestive tract Lactobacillus, Saccharomyces, Bacillus
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Handout – “Paylean and Optaflex Labels”
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Paylean – Example of dilution in a diet
Added to a diet at 9 grams / tonTon = 2000 lbs1 lb = 454 grams2000 x 454 = 908,000 gramsRatio of 907, 991 : 9 = 908,000 grams or 1 tonAnalogy – 1 gram = 1 person Iowa population is ~ 3,000,000 people - so compare
mixing 9 people in 1/3 of the population of Iowa. (Des Moines is ~ 200,000 people (or mixing 2 people in Des Moines)
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Feed AdditivesAnthemintics (dewormers)
Feed – Water - Injection Organic acids
Reduces stomach pH which can increase protein digestion
Reduces coliforms in intestines Preserves feed quality Citric acid, fumaric acid (non-
ruminants)
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Feed Processing
Grinding (Hammermill or Roller Mill)
Increases surface area to improve digestion
Corn, oats, barley, wheat, etc.
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Feed ProcessingPelleting
Finely ground material, steamed and extruded
Reduces waste and dust in feed Reduces animal sorting More costly Increases feed efficiency – less feed per
lb. of gain
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Feed ProcessingExtruding
Usually done to individual ingredients of ration
Dog food Ground material forced through a die
under pressure
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Feed ProcessingRoasting
Soybeans contain anti-nutritional factor that must be heated to inactivate it before feeding to swine
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Feed Handling & Storage
Identify feedKeep storage area cleanNumber or label binsInspect steel bins for leaks, moldControl rodentsClean up spillsDo not store near chemicals
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Feeding Livestock
Limit feeding Sow fed 5# feed per day Beef cattle fed once per day
Self feeding Feed remains in bunk / feeders at all time
for animal consumption
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Feeding Livestock
Provide enough feeder spaceKeep equipment in good repairAvoid spills to control rodentsAdjust feeders to reduce wasteMonitor feeders daily to be sure feed
is availableAdjust feeding amount daily so
leftovers don’t spoil
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Feeding Livestock
Watch for sorting…indicates quality problems
Plenty of waterClean waters frequentlyClean feed system after using
medicated feedsClean and disinfect feed and water
equipment between groups
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Feeder and Bunk Management
• Regularly check the feeder adjustment
• Minimize the feed wastage – the average feeder loss is approximately 5 to 10%
• Monitor feed bunks for wasted and moldy feedstuffs
• Bunk wastage variable due to feeding skills, feedstuff quality, and weather environment
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Good Manufacturing Practices
Buildings and grounds Clean, neat and pest free
Equipment Accurate, well maintained, cleanable
Work space and storage areas Separated to prevent contamination
Product quality assurance Cleanout procedures to prevent contamination & carryover
Labeling Label all medications, retain labels, store separately
Recordkeeping Include delivery date, method, carrier, record medications, retain for at least
one year after feed is used, store samples for 6 months
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Adequate and Safe Feed Keep all feed labels for one year
1997—FDA banned feeding restricted mammalian proteins from rendered animals to ruminant animals (meat, bone meal)
This is the documentation 4-H’ers sign before selling their animals.
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GGP # 6 –Adequate and Safe FeedImplications to Food Safety and Consumer Acceptance ? Correct withdrawal time for feed drugs Proper use of feed additivesDiet composition may affect the muscle
quality (taste, tenderness, and juiciness) Grass fed vs. grain fed cattle, sheep, goats. High % fat, DDGS, etc. in pigs increases
backfat Range fed vs confinement fed poultry
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Biosecurity and Animal Welfare
GPP #6
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How do diseases spread?Vectors Direct contact Excretions
Manure Urine Nasal fluids Aerosol fluids
First line of defense….SEGREGATION
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What are some examples of animal diseases and parasites ?
PCVAD (cirovirus)Mange / liceWorms (roundworm)DysenteryPseudorabiesFoot and MouthBrucellosisAnthrax
Clostridial LeptospirosisColiform diseases (E
Coli)SalmonellaClub FungusNewcastle diseaseWest Nile Fever
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GPP # 6Maintain Biosecurity
External - Reduce disease spread risk from outside the farm Unit location and maintenance Transportation Controls Isolation, acclimatization, and retesting Visitor entry policies Limit traffic of people and vehicles Boot cleaning and disinfecting
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Unit LocationDiseases spread by wind, machinesControl rodents, wildlife, birds
Clean up around buildings Mowing Keep doors closed Fix cracks and screens Clean up spilled feed Bait
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Transportation ControlsClean and disinfect trailersGive drivers disposable bootsFamily loads…keep driver in truckDo not allow animals to get back off the truckKeep feed trucks out of animal areasLimit visitorsFarm boots vs. town boots
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IsolationKeep all new animals away from other animals (30
days) If entering animals are coming down with a disease, they
will show symptoms soon If the originating farm develops a disease after the
animals leave, they could be exposed Isolate after livestock shows
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Visitor Entry Policies Identify production areas with signsSome facilities require signing bookGenerally 24 – 72 hours from livestock to
enter a livestock facilities7-days required if visitor from a foreign
countryGive disposable bootsWash hands before and after entry May require shower in – shower out
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GPP # 6Maintain Biosecurity
Internal - Reduce disease spread within the herd
Herd examination with veterinarian Utilize diagnostic tests Routine post-mortems Slaughter checks Review records regularly
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Internal BiosecurityCleaning and Disinfecting
Remove manure Disinfect pens between groups
Develop a biosecurity plan
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Internal BiosecurityVaccination vs. immunizationAnimal movement
Separate ages Do not add new animals without isolation
People movement Visit healthy groups first Chore from youngest to oldest age animal Change or disinfect boots between farm units
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Maintain Biosecurity
Internal - Reduce disease spread within the herd
Herd examination with veterinarian Utilize diagnostic tests Routine post-mortems Slaughter checks Review records regularly
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Handout – “Black Light Demo of Disease Spread”
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Handout – “Bio-Security and Fairs – What You Need to Know”
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Animal Welfare vs. Animal Rightsdefined by
American Veterinary Medical Association
Animal Welfare – is a human responsibility that encompasses all aspects of animal well-being, including proper housing, management, disease prevention and treatment, responsible care, humane handling, and when necessary, humane euthanasia.
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Animal Welfare vs. Animal Rightsdefined by
American Veterinary Medical Association
Animal Rights – is a philosophical view that animals have rights similar or the same as humans.
True animal rights proponents believe that humans do not have the right to use animals at all.
Animal rights proponents wish to ban all use of animals by humans.
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Animal Welfare - Groups
National Pork Board – Introducing in June PQA Plus – combines the old Pork Quality Assurance (PQA) and Swine Welfare Assurance Program (SWAP) into one program
Animal Welfare Institute (AWI)American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to
Animals (ASPCA)Animal Protection Institute (API)“Numerous other groups”
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Animal Rights - GroupsPeople for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
(PETA) Humane Society of the United States (HSUS)Animal Liberation Front (ALF)Farm SanctuaryFarm Animal Reform Movement (FARM)“Numerous other groups”
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The 4-H’er and Animal Welfare Health of Animal – Valid Veterinarian-
Client- Patient Relationship (VCPR)Proper pen spaceReceiving adequate water and feedTemperature and housing environmentProper nutritionProper animal handlingProper and timely animal euthanasiaNO WILLFUL ACTS OF ABUSE TO
ANIMALS !
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Livestock Exhibition Shows
REMEMBER –
SOMEBODY MAY BE WATCHING YOU AND RECORDING YOUR ACTIONS !!
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Current Issues in Animal Production
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Bird Flu
Avian Influenza – “Bird Flu”Can impact all birds – domestic and wildVirus
Common strain is H5N1 (highly pathogenic) Can mutate
Potential to infect human via poultryCooked properly - poultry products are safe to
eat
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Livestock Production vs. Ethanol
Rising corn price ~ $3.50 - $4.00 per bushel – for livestock production due to demand for ethanol production.
DDGS – Distillers Dried Grain Soluble – a by-product of the Ethanol industry as a feed source for livestock
Replacement of employment opportunities
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Iowa Animal Identification ProgramPremises Identification Number – National
Animal Identification System (NAIS)Unique Premises ID number assigned to every
location involved in handling livestock.Animals on farm: Bison/Cattle, Swine, Poultry,
Goats, Sheep, Horses, Elk, Deer, Llamas, Emu, Ostrich
Currently voluntary – may be mandatory in futureConsider obtaining a Premises Identification
Number
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Bio-Terrorism ThreatForeign Animal Disease (FAD) Outbreak –
Could it happen in the United States, Iowa, Your County, Your Township, YOUR FARM?
Need to be able to identify and track animals If so – Tremendous Implications
Stop movement on all livestock Economic Impact Logistic of coping with an outbreak Currently – FAD Plans are being made in all counties
in Iowa and the USA.Therefore, the need for a premises identification number
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Exhibit Good Ethics
Just do the right thing!
GPP #7
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Ethics Ethics is the demonstration of good character traits.(Caring, Respect, Trustworthiness, Fairness, Responsibility, Citizenship) Knowing and doing the right thing.
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Ethics and Livestock Shows
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Ethics and Livestock Shows
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Ethics and Livestock Shows
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Ethics and Livestock Shows
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Handout –
“Iowa Youth Code of Ethics – Sample copy”
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Ethics
Refer to the Iowa Code of Ethics Handout
Do you know what is in the Iowa Code of Ethics that you have signed ? ? ? ?
What previously discussed items done in an unethical manner could affect food safety to the consumer ?
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Ethics and You !(Which person are you ?)
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Review:Good Production Practices1. Keep accurate records
2. Establish a Veterinary Client Patient Relationship
3. Follow healthy production practices
4. Provide proper care and handling
5. Provide adequate and safe feed
6. Maintain biosecurity
7. Exhibit strong character traits (ethics)
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Iowa 4-H Food Safety and Quality Assurance Program
Good Production Practices
Healthy Animals
Safe Food
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Are You Supplying A Safe and Wholesome Food Product to the Consumer ?
From the Farm to Harvest to Consumer
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A Safe Food Product to the Consumer Supplied by Iowa 4-H & FFA Members
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Food Safety and Quality Assurance
County Livestock Information – Weigh-in, fair rules, etc.
State Fair Weigh-In Information
Health Requirements for exhibition
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Thank You for Attending the FSQA Program
Are there any Questions ?