IoT Based Monitoring and Controlling Web System for Hydroponics Agriculture

Abu Sayed

Bachelor of Computer Science with Honors (Software Engineering)

2019

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IOT BASED MONITORING AND CONTROLLING WEB SYSTEM FOR

HYDROPONICS AGRICULTURE

ABU SAYED

This project is submitted in partial fulfilment of the

requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Computer Science with Honors

(Software Engineering)

Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK

2019

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This Final Year Project Report entitled IoT Based Monitoring and Controlling Web System for

Hydroponics Agriculture is submitted by ABU SAYED in partial fulfilment of the requirements

for Bachelor of Computer Science (Hons.) Software Engineering, in Faculty of Computer Science

& Information Technology, University Malaysia Sarawak which approved by

………………………………………..

Associate Professor Dr Hj Noor Alamshah bin Bolhassan

Supervisor

Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology

Universiti Malaysia Sarawak

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DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY

I hereby declare that this research together with all its content is none other than that, my

own work, with consideration of the exception of research-based information and relative materials

that were adapted and extracted from other resources, which have evidently been quoted or stated

respectively.

Signed by,

…………………………………………….

ABU SAYED

Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology

Universiti Malaysia Sarawak.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, I would like to express my appreciation and grateful towards all who

have contributed towards the achievement of this final year project. Thank you to my family for

permitting me to take Bachelor of Degree in Computer Science with Honours in University

Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) and being my pillar and strength whenever I need support.

The final year project is one of the scholarly prerequisites for the completion of my studies

in Bachelor of Degree (Hons). Therefore, I might want to express my appreciation to UNIMAS

and my faculty, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology for offering this course

which has given me the chance to apply the information that I had learnt within my four years

course.

Furthermore, I would like to also fill my deep thanks to my beloved supervisor, Associate

Professor Dr Hj Noor Alamshah bin Bolhassan for the acceptance to be my supervisor and giving

me guidance throughout the research and development.

My sincere gratitude and appreciation also go to all my friends, and those whom have

contribute immensely to the evolution of my project advancement.

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ABSTRACT

Agriculture plays an important role in rural areas especially in developing countries to

provide food production for a vast population. The use of IoT on agriculture is the new trend for

IR 4.0 (Industrial Revolution 4.0). There are various ways to grow plant such as hydroponics

system which is growing plants without the use of soil also known as a water-based solution. This

thesis will propose an IoT based monitoring and controlling web system for hydroponics

agriculture which will focus on setting up a server and design a web platform with the connection

of IoT devices so that can control the devices through the web application.

ABSTRAK

Pertanian memainkan peranan penting di kawasan luar bandar terutamanya di negara-

negara membangun untuk menyediakan pengeluaran makanan untuk penduduk yang ramai.

Penggunaan IoT pada pertanian adalah trend baru untuk IR 4.0 (Industrial Revolution 4.0).

Terdapat pelbagai cara untuk menanam tanaman seperti sistem hidroponik iaitu tumbuh-

tumbuhan tanpa menggunakan tanah yang juga dikenali sebagai larutan berasaskan air. Tesis ini

akan mengusulkan sistem web pemantauan dan pengawalan berasaskan IoT untuk pertanian

hidroponik yang akan menumpukan pada penyediaan pelayan dan merancang platform web

dengan sambungan peranti IoT sehingga dapat mengendalikan peranti melalui aplikasi web.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1

1.2 Problem Statement ............................................................................................................. 1

1.3 Objectives .......................................................................................................................... 2

1.4 Methodology ...................................................................................................................... 2

1.5 Scope of Project ................................................................................................................. 3

1.6 Significance of Project ....................................................................................................... 4

1.7 Project Schedule ................................................................................................................ 4

1.8 Expected Outcome ............................................................................................................. 7

1.9 Project Outline ................................................................................................................... 7

1.10 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 8

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................................... 9

2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 9

2.2 Background Study .................................................................................................................. 9

2.3 Review Existing System ....................................................................................................... 10

2.3.1 IoT Hydroponics Management System ............................................................................. 10

2.3.2 Intelligent Monitoring and Controlling System for Hydroponics Precision Agriculture .. 12

2.3.3 IoT based hydroponic system with supplementary LED light for smart home farming of

lettuce .......................................................................................................................................... 13

2.4 Comparison between Existing Systems ................................................................................ 16

2.5 Comparison between the Proposed System and the Existing System .................................. 17

2.6 Block Diagram of Proposed System ..................................................................................... 19

2.7 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 20

CHAPTER 3: REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS & DESIGN ........................................................... 21

3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 21

3.2 System Development Methodology ..................................................................................... 21

3.2.1 Analysis and Quick Design ........................................................................................................ 22

3.2.1.1 Hardware Design Specification ............................................................................................... 23

3.2.1.1.1 Arduino UNO ....................................................................................................................... 23

3.2.1.1.2 ESP 8266 NodeMCU............................................................................................................ 23

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3.2.1.1.3 DHT-11 Sensor ..................................................................................................................... 24

3.2.1.1.4 DC Motor .............................................................................................................................. 25

3.2.1.1.5 Arduino LED ........................................................................................................................ 25

3.2.1.1.6 Photoresistor or Photocell Sensor ......................................................................................... 26

3.2.1.1.7 Relay Module ....................................................................................................................... 26

3.2.1.2 Software Details ...................................................................................................................... 27

3.2.1.2.1 Arduino Programming Language ......................................................................................... 27

3.2.1.2.2 Server .................................................................................................................................... 27

3.2.1.2.3 Web Application ................................................................................................................... 28

3.2.1.2.4 Sublime Text ........................................................................................................................ 28

3.2.1.3 Protocol Details ....................................................................................................................... 28

3.2.2 Prototype Cycle .......................................................................................................................... 29

3.2.2.1 Build ........................................................................................................................................ 29

3.2.2.2 Demonstrate ............................................................................................................................. 29

3.2.2.3 Refine ...................................................................................................................................... 30

3.2.3 Testing ........................................................................................................................................ 30

3.2.4 Implementation ........................................................................................................................... 30

3.3 Flow Chart of the System ..................................................................................................... 30

3.4 Software Design Specification ............................................................................................. 33

3.4.1 The System Architecture ............................................................................................................ 33

3.4.2 Use Case Diagram ...................................................................................................................... 34

3.4.3 Sequence Diagram ...................................................................................................................... 39

3.4.4 Activity Diagram ........................................................................................................................ 42

3.4.5 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) ........................................................................................... 43

3.4.6 Graphical User Interface ............................................................................................................. 44

3.4.6.1 Landing Page ........................................................................................................................... 45

3.4.6.2 Login Page ............................................................................................................................... 46

3.4.6.3 Registration Page ..................................................................................................................... 47

3.4.6.4 Home Page ............................................................................................................................... 48

3.4.6.5 Monitor Page ........................................................................................................................... 49

3.4.6.6 Control Page ............................................................................................................................ 50

3.5 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 50

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CHAPTER 4: SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION ............................................................................ 52

4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 52

4.2 User Interface Implementation ............................................................................................. 52

4.2.1 Hardware Installation and Implementation ................................................................................ 52

4.2.2 Web System User Interface ........................................................................................................ 57

4.3 Database Implementation and Code Snippets ...................................................................... 62

4.3.1 Database Documentation ............................................................................................................ 62

4.3.2 IoT Sensor to Server Configuration Code Snippets ................................................................... 66

4.3.3 Control Sensor through Webpage Code Snippets ...................................................................... 68

4.4 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 69

CHAPTER 5: SYSTEM TESTING ............................................................................................... 70

5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 70

5.2 Types of Testing ................................................................................................................... 70

5.3 Testing Environment ............................................................................................................ 71

5.4 Unit Testing .......................................................................................................................... 71

5.4.1 Summary of Unit Testing ........................................................................................................... 71

5.5 Acceptance Testing ............................................................................................................... 71

5.5.1 Ease of Use ................................................................................................................................. 72

5.5.2 Interface Design .......................................................................................................................... 73

5.6 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 75

CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK ............................................................... 76

6.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 76

6.2 Objective Achievements ....................................................................................................... 76

6.3 Limitation ............................................................................................................................. 77

6.4 Future Works ........................................................................................................................ 77

6.5 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 78

REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 79

APPENDICE .................................................................................................................................. 81

APPENDICE A- GANTT CHART OF PROJECT SCHEDULE .............................................. 81

APPENDICE B- TEST CASES FOR UNIT TESTING PHASE ............................................... 81

APPENDICE C- ACCEPTANCE TESTING ............................................................................ 86

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. 1 Rapid Application Development Methodology Diagram (Amir, 2008) ....................... 2

Figure 2. 1 System Management via Google Firebase (Jordan & Maravillas, 2018) .................... 10

Figure 2. 2 General View of the Hardware System (Jordan & Maravillas, 2018) ......................... 11

Figure 2. 3 System General Architecture (Herman & Surantha, (2019) ........................................ 12

Figure 2. 4 System Schematic of IoT Architecture (Namgyel, Siyang, Khunarak, Pobkrut, Norbu,

Chaiyasit & Kerdcharoen, 2018) .................................................................................................... 14

Figure 2. 5 System Framework (Namgyel, Siyang, Khunarak, Pobkrut, Norbu, Chaiyasit &

Kerdcharoen, 2018) ........................................................................................................................ 15

Figure 2. 6 Proposed System Block Diagram ................................................................................ 19

Figure 3. 1 Rapid Application Development Life Cycle (Amir, 2008) ......................................... 22

Figure 3. 2 Arduino Uno (Durfee, 2011) ........................................................................................ 23

Figure 3. 3 Layout of ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module (components101.com) ......................................... 24

Figure 3. 4 DHT-11 Sensor ............................................................................................................ 24

Figure 3. 5 DC Motor (DC motor, 2011) ....................................................................................... 25

Figure 3. 6 Arduino LED ............................................................................................................... 25

Figure 3. 7 Photoresistor or Photocell Sensor ................................................................................ 26

Figure 3. 8 Relay Module (C, 2014) .............................................................................................. 27

Figure 3. 9 Flow Chart for Receiving Data from Sensor ............................................................... 31

Figure 3. 10 Flow Chart to Send Signal to Arduino Uno to Control Motor. ................................. 32

Figure 3. 11 System Architecture ................................................................................................... 33

Figure 3. 12 Use Case Diagram ...................................................................................................... 35

Figure 3. 13 Sequence Diagram (Login) ........................................................................................ 39

Figure 3. 14 Sequence Diagram (Registration) .............................................................................. 40

Figure 3. 15 Sequence Diagram (Monitor Sensor Data) ................................................................ 40

Figure 3. 16 Sequence Diagram (Control) ..................................................................................... 41

Figure 3. 17 Sequence Diagram (Logout) ...................................................................................... 41

Figure 3. 18 System Activity Diagram ........................................................................................... 42

Figure 3. 19 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) .......................................................................... 43

Figure 3. 20 Landing Page ............................................................................................................. 45

Figure 3. 21 Login Activity ............................................................................................................ 46

Figure 3. 22 Registration Activity .................................................................................................. 47

Figure 3. 23 Home Activity ............................................................................................................ 48

Figure 3. 24 Monitor Data Activity ................................................................................................ 49

Figure 3. 25 Control Motor Activity .............................................................................................. 50

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Figure 4. 1 System Hardware Installation ...................................................................................... 53

Figure 4. 2 Device One (DHT11 Sensor and Buzzer) .................................................................... 54

Figure 4. 3 Device One (Relay Control) ........................................................................................ 55

Figure 4. 4 Device Two (Photocell & LED Sensor) ...................................................................... 56

Figure 4. 5 User Log In Screen ...................................................................................................... 57

Figure 4. 6 User Registration Screen .............................................................................................. 58

Figure 4. 7 Home Screen ................................................................................................................ 60

Figure 4. 8 Monitor Screen ............................................................................................................. 61

Figure 4. 9 Control Screen ............................................................................................................. 61

Figure 4. 10 MySQL Database Overview ...................................................................................... 62

Figure 4. 11 User Register Table .................................................................................................... 63

Figure 4. 12 IoT Sensors Information Table .................................................................................. 64

Figure 4. 13 Sensors Status for Control ......................................................................................... 65

Figure 4. 14 Device Information Table .......................................................................................... 65

Figure 4. 15 Sensors Information Table ......................................................................................... 65

Figure 4. 16 Arduino Library and Variable Defined ...................................................................... 66

Figure 4. 17 Wi-Fi and Server Setup and Host Connection Code ................................................. 66

Figure 4. 18 Send Sensor Data to Server Code .............................................................................. 67

Figure 4. 19 Get Sensor Status from Server Code ......................................................................... 68

Figure 5. 1 Evaluation chart for the Ease of Use ............................................................................ 73

Figure 5. 2 Evaluation chart for the UI Design .............................................................................. 74

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1- 1 Project Schedule .............................................................................................................. 4

Table 1- 2 Estimated Time for Project Development ....................................................................... 6

Table 2- 1 Comparison Between Existing Systems ....................................................................... 16

Table 2- 2 Comparison Between Proposed System ....................................................................... 17

Table 3- 1 Protocol Used in the Proposed System ......................................................................... 28

Table 3- 2 Use Case Description (Login) ....................................................................................... 35

Table 3- 3 Use Case Description (Registration) ............................................................................. 36

Table 3- 4 Use Case Description (Monitor Sensor Data) .............................................................. 37

Table 3- 5 Use Case Description (Turn On the Motor/LED) ......................................................... 37

Table 3- 6 Use Case Description (Turn Off the Motor/LED) ........................................................ 38

Table 3- 7 Use Case Description (Logout) ..................................................................................... 38

Table 3- 8 Relationship Between Database Tables ........................................................................ 44

Table 5- 1 Action Permit Table for Web Platform ......................................................................... 70

Table 5- 2 Evaluation results for the ease of use of functions ....................................................... 72

Table 5- 3 Evaluation results for the Interface Design ................................................................... 74

Table 6- 1 Project Objectives Achievements ................................................................................. 76

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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

Agriculture is one of the important fields which plays an important role in rural areas. IoT

Based Monitoring and Controlling Web System for Hydroponics Agriculture is a method of

growing plants in a water-based, nutrient-rich solution without soil usages.

There are many ways to grow plants. Growing plants without soil are known as

hydroponics. It might sound weird but many of the foods we eat are already grown hydroponically.

Hydroponics does not use soil, instead, the root system using an intern medium such as perlite,

rock wool, clay pellets, peat moss or vermiculite. The basic premise behind hydroponics is to allow

the plant’s roots to come in direct contact with the nutrient solution, while also having access to

oxygen, which is essential for proper growth.

Despite the fact, hydroponics system will take a lot of time as well because of the monitor

and balance the pH and nutrient levels on daily basis unless if it’s managed by IoT technology. So,

to overcome those issues an IoT based web system is greatly needed to monitor and control the

hydroponics agriculture.

1.2 Problem Statement

There are various ways to grow plants like in traditional plants growing up by using soil and

sunlight. For the growth of the plant, water is an important element. Mostly, the plant cannot grow

properly due to lack of water as well as farmers are unable to check each of the plants as it is time-

consuming and mankind’s limitations. On the other hand, soil mostly not produced the expected

result even the nutrition level is very low which also more time consumed and cost worthy for a

startup entrepreneur, especially in Sarawak. Apart from that, the hydroponics system will be the

best suit for Sarawak agriculture where everyone can start planting vegetables to produce their

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daily nutrition. Currently, there are several technologies are used to monitor the plant most of the

systems are automated. Besides that, some plants require less or more water than others such as

vegetables and flowers. In that case, automated systems will provide the same amount of water

level every time which will decrease plant growth. As a result, there are also some rumors

surrounding our society regarding hydroponics agriculture.

1.3 Objectives

Objectives determine the key success of any kind of project. So, the major objectives of this

project are:

To set up a server using MySQL database for IoT based hydroponics system.

To design and develop a web platform in order to monitor and control the IoT based

hydroponics system in real-time.

To evaluate the IoT based hydroponics system by testing with Arduino.

1.4 Methodology

The methodology that will be used for this project is the Rapid Application Development

methodology is known as RAD.

Figure 1. 1 Rapid Application Development Methodology Diagram (Amir, 2008)

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In this project, the goal is to design and develop an IoT based web application within short

time duration provided that will be able to function optimally. In order to develop a good quality

web system, it is necessary to review and test the application several times before the real system

is being deployed. This system is needed to go through a couple of developments, testing, and

review process in order to ensure that the final system fulfills the requirements and objectives of

the project. The first important thing is to have quick but well-defined goals and requirements

before the process of developing the system.

It is also needed for data analyzing and early design of the application to get a rough idea

at the early stage. As soon as the idea is there, it is time to start developing the system from the

sketch. This includes the coding, user interface, application integration and much more.

Application testing is the next phase which is a very crucial task to make sure that all the function

of the system works how it is supposed to be. If it can run optimally, which means no crashes

happened, every button works smoothly or no issue with the integration of hardware and software,

no security issues then it is safe to be used. Other than that, it must be refined, develop and tested

multiple times. After all, phases are through, that is when the deployment phase takes over. The

above reason is why the most suitable methodology is Rapid Application Development (RAD).

1.5 Scope of Project

In this project, an IoT based web application will be developed that focuses on analyzing,

monitoring and utilizing the data for hydroponics agriculture throughout a server which will store

the record of retrieved data information provided by Arduino sensors. The application is specially

designed to encourage youth community and those who do not have enough financial ability to

have enough manpower for maintaining their agricultural farm which will be time savior. The users

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will be able to control their farm in real-time from anywhere through the internet and can analyze

the data daily which will help them to determine the performance of their farm and what action

should be taken in further.

1.6 Significance of Project

There are several hydroponics systems or techniques available on the field whereby some of

them are an almost similar process with comparing to this proposed system. However, there are

still some procedures and methods provided the uniqueness to this proposed system. The

significances of this system are:

The existing systems does not have the Arduino features for retrieving data in real-time.

The existing systems still need the person in charge of maintaining the farm manually. For

example, check the pH level for the plants and so on.

The existing systems not able to update the farm performance to the users which will harm

or destroy the entire system.

1.7 Project Schedule

The timeline given by the faculty itself is as shown in the table below. For the Gantt chart

please refer to the Appendix.

Table 1- 1 Project Schedule

Date Agenda Action By

29 September 2019 Submission of the Approved Brief

Proposal

Student

19 October 2019 Submission of Final Full Proposal after

Amendment

Student

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26 October 2019 Submission of Chapter 1 Student

16 November 2019 Submission of Chapter 2 Student

5 December 2019 Submission of Chapter 3 Student

12 December 2019 Submission of FYP 1 Final Report &

Paper for Assessment

Student & Supervisor

17-18 December 2019 Final Year Project Symposium Student, Examiners &

Supervisor

20 December 2019 Final Date for Examiners to Give their

Comments & Feedbacks

Supervisor/ Examiners

8 January 2020 Final Date for Submission of Assessment

Mark Through FYP management system

(Online)

Student, Examiners &

Supervisor

20 Dec-8 January 2020 Amendment and Modification Period for

FYP (if any)

Supervisor/ Examiners

11 January 2020 Submission of Final Report (Softcopy) for

FYP 1

Student

17 February 2020 Submission of the proposed/revised

structure of FYP report, Title and Gantt

chart (pdf format)

Student

21 March 2020 Submission of First Draft for Chapter 4 Student

6 April 2020 Submission of First Draft for Chapter 5 &

Abstract for Paper

Student

5 July 2020 Submission of First Draft of FYP 2 Full

Report & First Draft of Paper

Student

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15 July 2020 Submission of Final Report for

examination (word and Pdf Format), source

code/scripts, installation kits, user manual

and Paper for Assessment.

Student/Supervisor

21, 23 & 24 July 2020 Final Year Project Symposium (ONLINE) Student, Examiners &

Supervisor

21 July – 14 August

2020

Amendment and Modification Period for

FYP (if any)

Student, Examiners &

Supervisor

26 July 2020 Final Date for Examiners to give their

comments & feedbacks (if any) to Project

Supervisor

Supervisor/ Examiners

5 August 2020 Final Date for Submission of assessment

mark through FYP Management System

(Online)

Supervisor/ Examiners

15 August 2020 Submission of Final Report (Hard Cover &

Softcopy), source code, report in word

format, user guide, installation kits.

Student

The Estimated time for project development tasks as below:

Table 1- 2 Estimated Time for Project Development

Task Name Estimated Duration (days)

1. Requirement Planning 14

1.1 Gather Requirements 8

1.2 Analysis Requirements 6

2. User Design 28

2.1 Develop detail area model 20

2.2 Develop outline of the system 8

3. Construction 81

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3.1 Construct the System 30

3.2 Develop the Application 25

3.3 Connection Between the

System and Application

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3.4 System Documentation 6

4. Cutover 26

4.1 Install the System 12

4.2 Testing 14

1.8 Expected Outcome

This project will be able to produce real-time data monitoring and utilizing system for

hydroponics agriculture from anywhere in the world while its fundamental structure is based on

IoT techniques which will be user-friendly for everyone. Highly likely this system will be

continuously upgradable to fulfill user satisfaction because of its methodology.

1.9 Project Outline

This project is divided into five (5) chapters:

Chapter one is regarding the introduction of the overview, problem statement, scope,

objectives, significant of the project and the expected outcome once the project is completed.

Chapter two is the literature review. In this chapter, the researches for those systems that

are already existed on the field will be highlighted, the comparison between existed systems and

the proposed system which will be evaluated. Also, the discussion about the proposed system

advantages over the existing ones will be done in chapter two.

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Chapter three description of the methodology to develop the chosen project will be

clarified. This chapter will explain the details of the design and development process needed in

order to come up with a working web application.

In chapter four, the outcome of the project will be explained. Once the system is being

developed, testing will take place. The result will be evaluated and explained in this chapter.

The summary of this project will be made in the last chapter also known as chapter five

which includes the project findings and brief on future work.

1.10 Conclusion

Once again, Hydroponic is a method of growing plants in a water-based, nutrient-rich

solution without soil usages. At the end of this project, users of the system will be able to keep

track of the data from the IoT devices and take a decision for their farm in real-time through the

Internet. It will eliminate their precious time by eliminating time consumption of hydroponic

agricultural techniques.

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CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

This chapter review three (3) existing systems based on research which are used on different

platforms for monitoring and controlling the hydroponic systems using internet of things (IoT).

The names of those systems are IoT hydroponics management system, Intelligent monitoring and

controlling system for hydroponics precision agriculture and IoT based hydroponic system with

supplementary LED light for smart home farming of lettuce.

Section 2.2 presents the background study of hydroponics systems followed by a section

2.3 where the review of the three existing systems is made. The overall summary of the existing

system is presented and elaborated in section 2.4. In section 2.5 comparison and similarity are

discussed between existing systems and the proposed system.

2.2 Background Study

Time is passing by the technology is getting better with it whereby peoples are relying on

them to help in managing real-life events. Agriculture management systems are a major part of

today’s human resource systems. Current agriculture advancement is being challenged like never

with sustainable food production and security in a demographically obese world as agriculture is

undergoing industrialization, contemporary farming archetype demands advanced automated the

system enabled by internet for communication [1]. There are several types of methods for the

agriculture system, but the hydroponic culture method is best suited for every human being which

an environmentally friendly technique of growing crops using essential nutrient elements without

soil.

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The aim of those systems is to make the monitoring and controlling process easier for users,

reduce time consumption, eliminate the complexity of the process and provide well-executed

hydroponics systems.

2.3 Review Existing System

There are multiple hydroponic systems designed with different operations and

functionalities. In this section, three different hydroponic agriculture systems will be reviewed

where each one of them has its own benefits and drawbacks.

2.3.1 IoT Hydroponics Management System

Figure 2. 1 System Management via Google Firebase (Jordan & Maravillas, 2018)

Hydroponics Management System (HMS) is a hydroponics system that enables users to

control certain mechanisms for refilling, sprinkling, draining and many more through the web