IOSH Directing Safely - RRC Training · RRC Trainer Packs are designed to aid delivery of...

IOSH Directing Safely

Sample Trainer Pack

RRC Trainer Packs are designed to aid delivery of face-to-face, or classroom-taught, courses by tutors approved by the relevant awarding body (e.g. NEBOSH, IOSH, IEMA).The full pack – of which this is a sample – includes the following resources:

• An electronic copy of the RRC student textbook (course notes) for the course, supplied for use by the tutor as reference only.

• A ‘helicopter’ plan (MS Word) – an overview of how the course will be delivered over its duration. • Daily lesson plans (MS Word) – a suggested breakdown of how the detailed subjects specified in the qualification

syllabus will be covered on each day of the course • Slides (MS PowerPoint) – full-colour slides addressing the subjects specified in, and following the structure of, the

qualification syllabus. • Depending on the course, some Packs also contain additional resources, to be used at the tutor’s discretion.

Some third-party resources may be suggested in the Lesson Plans, or in the notes to the slides – for example, video footage, further reading, etc. These are not essential and they are not included as part of the licensed Trainer Pack – it is up to the tutor to source the suggested material, should he or she wish to do so.

This ‘Sample Trainer Pack’ contains a selection of pages from a lesson plan, a number of corresponding slides, and the relevant pages from the course textbook. These pages and slides are representative of the presentation, design and language of the full materials.

If you like what you see and wish to order a complete Trainer Pack for the course you want to deliver, please contact RRC’s customer advisors on +44 208 944 3100, or e-mail [email protected]

IOSH Directing Safely Lesson Plan

• Outline the principle of Risk Profiling • Explain Organising and the four C’s activities • Discuss the meaning and importance of safety culture • Outline the meaning of Control • Outline the meaning of Cooperation and emphasise the importance of and

requirements for consultation • Outline the meaning of Communication and discuss forms of / barriers to • Outline the meaning of Competence and emphasise the requirement for access

to competent health and safety advice 14:15 Module 4: CHECK Monitoring Health and Safety

• Discuss the reasons for monitoring H&S performance • Introduce idea of active and reactive monitoring • Explain performance indicators and discuss pros and cons • Outline accident/ incident investigation as a monitoring technique and discuss

how to do it effectively • Reporting requirements RIDDOR and the board • Outline the role of auditing in the management system

Slides

15:00 Break

15:15 Module 5: ACT Reviewing Health and Safety

• Discuss the purpose of reviews and emphasise the idea of learning from experience

• Outline the concept of continuous improvement and the idea of organisational learning

• Explain the importance of human factors in the context of organisational learning

Slides and group discussion

16:00 Preparation for Final Assessment

Introduce the final assessment and allow delegates the opportunity to review / revise the course materials and ask and questions for clarification – correct any

Group and individual Q&A session

© RRC International RRC SAMPLE MATERIAL

IOSH Directing Safely Lesson Plan

misunderstandings and clearly indicate subject depth that is appropriate for the final assessment and those questions that are going too deep for final assessment

16:30 Final Assessment • Brief delegates on requirements to meet exam conditions Closed book test under exam conditions Hand out final assessments 15 minutes to answer ten multiple choice questions

• Pass mark is 70%

Final assessment paperwork

16:45 End of final assessment Collect final assessment question papers

16:50 Review of day • Questions and answers. • End of course feedback.

Feedback questionnaire

17:00 Finish

© RRC International RRC SAMPLE MATERIAL

IOSH Directing Safely

Module 5: ACT – Reviewing Health and Safety

RRC SAMPLE MATERIAL

© RRC International

Module 5: Learning Outcomes On completion of this module, you should be able to outline the importance of:

• The role and purpose of top-level reviews of health and safety.

• Key outcomes of the top-level reviews: o Determining whether policy is in line with

organisational priorities and plans. o Determining whether the health and safety

management system is reporting effectively. o Identifying shortcomings and impact of board decisions. o Deciding actions to address any weaknesses.

• Annual reporting. • Continuous improvement. RRC SAMPLE M

ATERIAL


Module 5: ACT – Reviewing

RRC SAMPLE MATERIAL


Reviewing Learning from experience is an essential element of health and safety management:

“A formal boardroom review of health and safety performance is essential. It allows the board to establish

whether the essential health and safety principles – strong and active leadership, worker involvement, and assessment

and review – have been embedded in the organisation. It tells you whether your system is effective in managing risk

and protecting people” INDG417

RRC SAMPLE MATERIAL


Purpose of Reviews Reviewing health and safety performance is a key part of any safety management system - it closes the loop - with the outcome of the review yielding the plan for what to do next. Reviews should be carried out by managers at all levels within the organisation on a scheduled routine basis. • Reviews at different management levels will have a

different focus and will be conducted at different intervals. A review of safety management performance should be undertaken at board level on at least an annual basis. The essence of the review process is to answer the questions: • Are we on target? • If not, why not? • What do we have to change? RRC SAMPLE M

ATERIAL


Purpose of Reviews A health and safety review should allow: • An assessment of current performance. • A reassessment and update of the policy. • Confirmation that health and safety arrangements still

make sense. • Identification of changes in the health and safety

environment of the business. • An opportunity to celebrate and promote health and

safety successes.

RRC SAMPLE MATERIAL


Purpose of Reviews Directors should use the review process as an opportunity to prioritise and allocate resources: • What are the new priorities for the organisation in light

of the review? • What resources need to be provided to allow these

priorities to be achieved? • Records of board level reviews should be kept: • This is sometimes mandatory to prove compliance with a

standard (e.g. OHSAS 18001). • This is a mandatory requirement for directors of

companies listed on the London Stock Exchange.

RRC SAMPLE MATERIAL


Continuous Improvement One of the key purposes of the review process is to drive the continuous improvement of health and safety performance. This cannot occur unless lessons are learnt from previous experiences. Lesson can only be learnt if the organisation is robust enough to honestly appraise its failings and act on them: • If reporting and follow-up systems are not fit for purpose then

valuable knowledge will be lost, e.g. if a blame culture acts as a disincentive to reporting near misses.

• If the root causes of events are not identified and communicated this makes a recurrence more likely, e.g. the learning from an accident in one department is restricted within that one department as a result of poor horizontal communication and a silo mentality.

• To learn lessons effectively organisations have to take account of human factors. RRC SAMPLE M

ATERIAL


Human Factors The organisational, job and individual factors that influence a worker’s safety-related behaviour: • The organisation’s characteristics - its culture, policies

and arrangements, etc. • The job or task that a person is doing - its physical and

psychological demands, etc. • The individual’s personal characteristics - their

personality, attitudes and experiences, etc. • All have an influence.

RRC SAMPLE MATERIAL

© RRC International IOSH Directing Safely - Module 5: ACT - Reviewing Health and Safety | 5-15-PB | IOSH Directing Safely - Module 5: ACT - Reviewing Health and Safety © RRC International

LEARNING OUTCOMES

On completion of this module, you should be able to outline the importance of:

The role and purpose of top-level reviews of health and safety.

Key outcomes of the top-level reviews:

– Determining whether policy is in line with organisational priorities and plans.

– Determining whether the health and safety management system is reporting effectively.

– Identifying shortcomings and impact of board decisions.

– Deciding actions to address any weaknesses.

Annual reporting.

Continuous improvement.

ACT - REVIEWING HEALTH AND SAFETYMODULE

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© RRC International IOSH Directing Safely - Module 5: ACT - Reviewing Health and Safety | 5-35-2 | IOSH Directing Safely - Module 5: ACT - Reviewing Health and Safety © RRC International

Contents


REVIEWING HEALTH AND SAFETY 5-3

Purpose of Regular Reviews 5-4Continuous Improvement 5-5Learning Lessons 5-6Revision Questions 5-6

SUMMARY 5-7

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Reviewing Health and Safety

© RRC International IOSH Directing Safely - Module 5: ACT - Reviewing Health and Safety | 5-35-2 | IOSH Directing Safely - Module 5: ACT - Reviewing Health and Safety © RRC International © RRC International IOSH Directing Safely - Module 5: ACT - Reviewing Health and Safety | 5-35-2 | IOSH Directing Safely - Module 5: ACT - Reviewing Health and Safety © RRC International

Based on original image from INDG417: Leading health and Safety at Work www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg417.pdf

ACT

PLAN DO

CHECK

PLANNING

POLICY

RISK PROFILING

ORGANISING

REVIEWING PERFORMANCE

LEARNING LESSONS

INVESTIGATING ACCIDENTS /

INCIDENTS / NEAR-MISSES

MEASURING PERFORMANCE

IMPLEMENTING YOUR PLANS

“A formal boardroom review of health and safety performance is essential. It allows the board to establish whether the essential health and safety principles – strong and active leadership, worker involvement, and assessment and review – have been embedded in the organisation. It tells you whether your system is effective in managing risk and protecting people.”

Source: INDG417: Leading health and safety, HSE, 2013 www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg417.pdf, accessed 01/10/13

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PURPOSE OF REGULAR REVIEWSReviewing health and safety performance is a key part of any health and safety management system. Reviews should be carried out by managers at all levels within the organisation on a scheduled routine basis. Each review is likely to have a different focus and will be conducted at different intervals, e.g., a review of local department performance might be conducted monthly by the relevant department manager. A review of safety management performance should be undertaken at board level on at least an annual basis.

The essence of the review process is to answer the questions:

• Are we on target?• If not, why not?• What do we have to change?

An important aspect of reviewing is that it closes the loop. The outcomes of the review become the plan for what to do next with health and safety.

CASE STUDY

One objective for an organisation set by the board of directors is to achieve a 20% reduction in the lost-time accident incidence rate within a three year timescale.

The board reviewed performance at the end of the first year; a reduction of only 2% had been achieved:

• Are we on target? No the target will be missed if this performance continues.

• If not, why not? Further enquiry revealed poor investigation and follow up of lost-time accidents meaning that similar types of accident were recurring.

• What do we have to change? Improved focus on identifying effective corrective action flowing on from good quality accident investigations that identified the real underlying causes of accidents.

KEY INFORMATION

• Health and safety performance should be reviewed by directors on a routine basis to ensure that management systems are working effectively.

• Reviewing performance uses data gathered from various sources to make a judgment about the achievement of the organisations aims and objectives.

• Directors have a role in evaluating this information so that appropriate priorities and resources can be allocated.

• Reviews enable action to be taken so that health and safety performance is continuously improved.

• It is important that organisations learn the right lessons from events so that effective corrective action can be taken.

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As a result of the review, senior management may reassess the policy and update it as required. The important question is:

“Does the health and safety policy reflect the current priorities, plans and targets of the organisation?”

Reviews will confirm whether health and safety arrangements still make sense. They allow changes in the health and safety environment in the business to be checked. This will enable organisations to stop doing things that are no longer necessary while allowing appropriate responses to new risks. Reviewing also provides an opportunity to celebrate and promote health and safety successes.

Most importantly, Directors should use the review process as an opportunity to prioritise and allocate resources. What are the new priorities for the organisation in light of the review? What resources need to be provided to allow these priorities to be achieved?

Routine performance review meeting

Records of routine performance reviews should be kept to demonstrate that these reviews are taking place. These records can themselves be used as a performance indicator and form a data source for the review process.

Routine performance reviews are sometimes required by a specific management standard (e.g. OHSAS 18001) and, where this is the case, records of reviews may be mandatory to prove compliance with the standard.

The board/senior team may be required to make a declaration or statement based on this review. It is increasingly common for a report of the annual review to be recorded in an organisations’ annual report to investors and stakeholders. Third parties (e.g. clients) increasingly require partner organisations to report health and safety performance publicly. This reporting is a mandatory requirement for directors of companies listed on the London Stock Exchange.

CASE STUDY

Sainsbury’s

Sainsbury’s rethought its approach to health and safety after an external audit highlighted the need for a more unified approach across the company. The key element was a health and safety vision, set out by the group HR director and backed by a plan that included targets over three years.

As part of the plan, all board directors were given training on health and safety responsibilities. Health and safety now regularly features on board agendas. The business benefits include:

• 17% reduction in sickness absence; • 28% reduction in reportable incidents; • improved morale and pride in working for the

company, as indicated by colleague surveys.

Source: INDG417: Leading health and safety, HSE, 2013 www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg417.pdf, accessed 01/10/13

CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENTThe purpose of the review process at all levels of the organisation is to answer the three questions mentioned earlier:

• Are we on target? • If not, why not? • What do we have to change?

Since strategic targets are set by senior management, it makes sense for these targets to be filtered down through the organisation:

• Senior management set strategic targets.• Middle and junior management review performance

and set local targets that will collectively allow the strategic targets to be achieved.

This requires that health and safety reviews, at all levels, feed directly into action plans. These plans should identify the actions to be taken by responsible persons by appropriate deadlines. In this way continuous improvement of health and safety performance can be achieved.

One important aspect of continuous improvement is that lessons are learnt from previous experiences.

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LEARNING LESSONSAfter an accident or case of ill health, many organisations find they already had systems, rules, procedures or instructions that would have prevented the event but were not complied with. The underlying causes often lie in management arrangements which are designed without taking proper account of human factors, or inappropriate actions that are condoned implicitly or explicitly by management. If health and safety performance is to improve then the organisation has to be robust enough to honestly appraise its failings and act on them.

Organisational learning is a key aspect of health and safety management. If reporting and follow-up systems are not fit for purpose, for example if a blame culture acts as a disincentive to reporting near-misses, then valuable knowledge will be lost. If the root causes of events are not identified and communicated throughout the organisation, this makes a recurrence more likely. In many cases, artificial barriers within an organisation inhibit organisational learning. For example, the learning from an accident in one department is restricted within that one department as a result of poor horizontal communication and a silo mentality.

To learn lessons effectively, organisations have to take account of human factors. These are the organisational, job and individual factors that influence a worker’s safety-related behaviour. The rather short-sighted view that workers break safety rules as a result of wilfulness or laziness and that they would behave the same wherever they work or whatever job they are doing will not deliver effective organisational learning. Recognising that the characteristics of an organisation (its culture, policies and arrangements, etc.); the job or task that a person is doing (its physical and psychological demands, etc.); and the individual’s personal characteristics (such as their personality, attitudes and experiences, etc.), all have an influence on personal behaviour is essential for effective management of health and safety.

REVISION QUESTIONS

1. What is the purpose of reviewing health and safety performance?

2. Who should take part in reviews of the occupational health and safety management system?

3. How often should the board review the performance of the occupational health and safety management system?

4. What is continuous improvement?

5. What, at heart, are the three questions at the centre of the review process?

(Suggested Answers are at the end.)RRC

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